scholarly journals On Kitab Patanjali by Al-Biruni. Introductory article to the translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
R. V. Pskhu
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Arabic Text ◽  
Hindu Tradition ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
The Middle Ages

The interaction of various religious and philosophical traditions in the epistemological, soteriological and ontological levels is one of the most interesting topics of the modern culture. And in this sense, the text of Bīrūnī is more relevant today than ever, because it demonstrates the feasibility of one of the most problematic types of interaction — the Islamic tradition and the Hindu tradition. The paper deals with the sample of such an interaction in the period of the Middle Ages. The paper represents a brief introduction to the first Russian translation of some fragments of the Arabic text “Kitāb Bātanjali al-Hindī” by Abū Rayḥān Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Bīrūnī.

scholarly journals Devatāsūtra in the Arabic Compendium of Chronicles of Rashīd al-Dīn

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-254
Author(s):  
Nikolai Seleznev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Arabic Text ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Buddha ◽  
Medieval Scholar ◽  
The Middle Ages

In the Compendium of Chronicles ( Jāmi‘ al-tawārīkh) of a famous medieval scholar, physician, and influential vizier at the Ilkhanid court Rashīd al-Dīn Hamadhānī (1249/50–1318) that was compiled on the basis of the works of the court historian Abū-l-Qāsim Qāshānī (died after 1323/4), one finds a History of India (Tārīkh al-Hind wa’lSind), which contains a lengthy section about the Buddha and Buddhism. Among the Arabic sources on Buddhism, this work is considered to be the most important. One of the chapters in this section is a version of the famous Buddhist sutra adapted for the Muslim reader, in which the Buddhist teachings and ethical principles are presented in the form of questions-riddles addressed by a heavenly being to the Buddha as well as his answers. The article provides a survey of various versions of this work that were in use in Buddhist cultures in the Middle Ages, as well as a comparison of the Muslim and Buddhist interpretations of this sutra presented in the Arabic version of the Compendium of Chronicles. The article is followed by a publication of the Arabic text of the sutra based on the only preserved manuscript from the London collection Khalili MSS 727, and its Russian translation.

Anonymous Works and Their Ascription to Famous Authors: Are They Cases of Mistaken Identity of an Outright Forgery?

Arabica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 404-410
Author(s):  
Ismail K. Poonawala
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Very Old ◽  
Mistaken Identity ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
The Middle Ages

The false attribution of anonymous works to famous authors is not unique to Islamic tradition in general and to Ismāʿīlī tradition in particular. Rather it is a very old problem dating back to ancient Greeks. The students of philosophy are familiar with this question as a number of spurious books circulated in the Middle Ages known as “pseudo-Aristotelian” or “pseudo-Ammonius.” However, the scholars have succeeded to disentangle the genuine from the counterfeit by using various critical tools at their disposal. In what follows I have tried to demonstrate that both Minhāǧ al-farāʾiḍ and Kitāb al-Yanābīʿ are falsely ascribed to the famous Ismāʿīlī law giver al-Qāḍī l-Nuʿmān. Any scholar who is fully familiar with the whole corpus of al-Nuʿmān’s works, especially with his numerous works on jurisprudence, would reject Cilardo’s claim to the contrary.

Du syriaque au latin par l'intermédiaire de l'arabe: le Kunnāš de Yūḥannā ibn Sarābiyūn

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
Gérard Troupeau
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Latin Translation ◽  
Arabic Text ◽  
Biographical Information ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Latin West ◽  
Hippocratic Medicine ◽  
The Middle Ages

This treatise of medicine by Yühannā ibn Sarābiyūn, written in Syriac in the 8th century, translated into Arabic in the 10th century and then into Latin in the 12th century, is a typical example of the transmission of Hippocratic medicine from the Arabic East to the Latin West in the Middle Ages. However, while the complete Latin translation of Gerard of Cremona has reached us, we have only fragments of the Arabic text, dispersed in five manuscripts preserved in four European libraries.In the first part we shall try to establish the biographical information about the author and the four translators of his treatise from Syriac to Arabic. In the second part we shall study the Arabic fragments of the Paris manuscript and the two Escorial manuscripts, first by examining their language, and then by comparing them to the Latin translation.

Al-Kindī on Judicial Astrology: ‘the Forty Chapters’

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Arabic Text ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Middle Ages

Al-Kindī's Forty Chapters was one of the most influential astrological texts in the Middle Ages in the Arabic and Latin-reading world. Yet it has never been studied by modern scholars and has not even been properly identified in the standard bibliographies and encyclopaedias of Arabic literature. This study describes the work as it appears in the Arabic MS, Jerusalem, Khālidī Library, 21(2)-Astr.-2; sets it in the tradition of Greek, Persian and Arabic texts on catarchic astrology; and traces its influence on later Arabic astrological works, which give evidence of a fuller text than that in the Khālidī Library. This fuller text appears in the two Latin translations made in the mid-twelfth century by Hugo of Santalla and Robert of Ketton. Finally some comments are added about the place of The Forty Chapters in al-Kindī's œ;uvre. Two appendixes give respectively details of the manuscripts of the Arabic text and the two Latin translations, and an edition of a specimen chapter (concerning irrigation and cultivating the land) from these three versions.

The Realm of the Imām the Faṭīmids in the tenth century

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-449
Author(s):  
Michael Brett
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Modern History ◽  
The Third ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

Despite their period from the tenth to the twelfth century, at the height of the Middle Ages; despite their position in Egypt, at the centre of the civilization of the Near and Middle East; and despite their prominence as the third Caliphate of Islam, the Fāṭimids lack a satisfactory modern history of their dynasty. This is partly because of the length of their life, which covers the histories of so many hundreds of years; partly because of the span of their empire from North Africa to Egypt and Syria, stretching across the histories of so many regions; and finally because, at the level of Islam itself, their empire was divided between their dawla or state and their daՙwa or doctrine. The doctrine, which focused on the Fāṭimid Imām as the quṭb or pole of faith, gave the dynasty its peculiar strength and endurance. The failure of that doctrine to supersede the Islam of the schools, however, left the Fāṭimids increasingly isolated and ultimately vulnerable. Standing outside the mainstream of Islamic tradition, the dynasty's own version of its history was disregarded. Instead, its components passed out of their original context to be incorporated into the regional or universal histories of subsequent authors. Maqrīzī was alone in compiling his Ittiՙāẓ al-ḥunafā' as a history of the dynasty in Egypt, introduced by a miscellany of information on its origins and previous career.

Charles W. Connell, Popular Opinion in the Middle Ages. Channeling Public Ideas and Attitudes. Fundamentals of Medieval and Early Modern Culture, 18. Berlin and Boston: Walterde Gruyter, 2016, 347 S.

Mediaevistik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
Bea Lundt
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Jürgen Habermas ◽  
Popular Opinion ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Jurgen Habermas ◽  
The Middle Ages

Seit Jürgen Habermas 1962 in seinem epochalen Werk ,,Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit“ die Herausbildung der öffentlichen Sphäre im Gegensatz zur Privatheit des Hauses seit der Aufklärung beschrieben hat, gibt es eine rege Forschungsliteratur zu der Frage, ob für das Mittelalter vergleichbare Phänomene nachweisbar sind. Antworten zu diesem Problemkomplex sind von weitreichender Bedeutung: vor allem für die Genderforschung, die polare Geschlechterwelten in der Moderne beschrieben hat. Der Lebensbereich Öffentlichkeit, verbunden mit Beruf, Politik, Macht, sei Männern zugeteilt worden, während Frauen auf die Privatheit und Aufgaben in einem Innenraum begrenzt wurden. Ein solcher Dualismus der Kommunikationsfähigkeit hat aber wohl, so der Forschungsstand, auch in der Moderne nur für bestimmte Gruppen bestanden. In der Postmoderne mit ihrer Ubiquität medialer Kommunikation sind die beiden Bereiche erneut durchlässig geworden. Damit erhält die Frage nach einer kollektiven Meinungsbildung in den mittelalterlichen Jahrhunderten mit ihren begrenzten Lesewelten eine neue Aktualität und Brisanz.

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