scholarly journals Pandemic: how to avoid panic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. E ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Greco

The tsunami that took place on 26th December 2004 in the Indian Ocean and hurricane Katrina, that last August struck the Mexican Gulf, are two recent natural events that turned into catastrophes for mankind, causing several thousands victims. One of the reasons behind this can be traced back to the fact that useful information in the hands of scientists and experts did not reach the right people within the right time. A crushing defeat for risk communication was witnessed in these two recent events. All the more paradoxical since we live in what we like to name “the era of communication and information”.

Author(s):  
A. C. S. Peacock

Peacock’s chapter examines the circulation of Seventeenth-century Sufi scholars to the ‘contested peripheries’ of the Indian Ocean. He argues that notable Muslim Sufi shaykhs did not travel to maritime kingdoms such as Banten, Aceh, and the Maldives to learn from locals, but rather to propagate ‘shariʿa-minded piety’ focused on ‘commanding the right and forbidding the wrong’. Peacock describes how the ambitions of religious scholars like the Syrian Qādirī preacher Muḥammad Shams al-Dīn intersected with early modern state-building in the Indian Ocean world. This chapter chronicles how Shams al-Dīn not only gained great political influence in Aceh, but was even made the actual ruler of the Maldives after his followers overthrew the sultan there. Peacock concludes that the cosmopolitanism of Sufi itinerants relied less on the fusion of pre-Islamic and Islamic practices than on universalist agendas of social transformation founded upon prophetic Sunna and enacted through the mechanisms of political coercion.


2021 ◽  
pp. 16-38
Author(s):  
David Bosco

Aspects of ocean governance have ancient roots, including early anti-piracy campaigns and basic rules for maritime commerce. Sovereign rulers periodically attempted to control ocean space but usually lacked the means to do so. As Spain and Portugal mastered the art of long-range seafaring in the 15th century, however, they attempted to divide the world’s oceans between them, an effort that still stands as one of the most ambitious attempts to divide up the oceans. During that period, Portugal tried to exclude outsiders from the Indian Ocean and asserted the right to control all shipping in the area. Portuguese claims prompted objections from other European powers and set the stage for the Dutch lawyer Hugo Grotius to articulate the doctrine of a “free sea,” based on what he saw as the inherent nature of the oceans. While it faced several rebuttals, Grotius’s conception of the oceans mostly prevailed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-194
Author(s):  
Sudarman Sudarman ◽  
Mohammad Hidayaturrahman

Abstract: Some scholars have suggested a paradigm that the process of conversion to Islam in the Malay community was spread by Sufis. Historical reconstruction in this region is always associated with the teachings, rituals and religious behavior of Sufis. This research was conducted to describe the process of conversion to Islam in three paradigms, namely, political economy, history, and religion. This study found that the conversion of religion in Malay society was mostly played by economic actors. To facilitate this conversion, economic agents married local women and negotiated with the ruling sultans. From the existing sources (manuscripts and archives), economic actors had a significant role in Islam conversion for Malay society. Economic actors, in the 17-18 century AD, consisting of traders, were connected with countries in the Indian Ocean. Some of them came to the West Coast of Sumatra to trade spices. The traders who came were Muslims. Their arrival brought two purposes at once, namely the teachings of religion in the right hand and trading commodities in the left hand. Both of these goals were the driving force of traders to spread Islam in every visited region. This study has proven correlative with the condition of the Islamic community in the current Malay community, which is more engaged in the trade than other sectors. At the same time, the community becomes devout Muslims.الملخص: اقترح بعض الباحثين أن التحويل المتكامل إلى الدين الإسلامى فى المجتمع الملاوى نتيجة من جهود المتصوفين الكتابة التاريخية عن هذه المنطقة دائما  متعلقة بالتعاليم، الطقوس، والأنشطة الدينية لهذه الفرقة يحاول هذا البحث تصوير وتفصيل عملية التحويل إلى الدين الإسلامى فى المجتمع الملاوى من جهة ثلاث: السياسى والاقتصادى، التاريخى، والدينى حصل البحث إلى النتيجة التالية أن العامل الاقتصادى له دور أهم فى التحويل الدينى فى المجتمع الملاوى تسهيلا لهذا التحويل، التجار يتزوجون المواطنات ويتفاوضون الملوك يمكن إدراك هذا الرأى من الأرشيف والمخطوطات لدينا كان التجار فى القرنى السابع والثامن عشر الميلادى مترابطين مع أنهم منتشرون عبر المحيط الهندى. عدد منهم ، معظمهم مسلمون، زار الساحل الغربى لسومطرة لتجارة التوابل والدعوة الإسلامية. هما، التجارة والدعوة، عاملان رئيسيان فى نشاطهم الاقتصادى والدينى كانت نتيجة هذا البحث توافق بأحوال المجتمع الملاوى فى زماننا الحاضر الذى يشتغل بالتجارة أكثر من اشتغالهم فى المهن الأخرى، بالاضافة إلى كونهم مسلمين متدينينAbstrak: Sebagian kalangan, selama ini membangun paradigma, bahwa proses konversi ke agama Islam pada masyarakat Melayu disebarkan oleh para sufi. Rekonstruksi sejarah di wilayah ini selalu dikaitkan dengan ajaran, ritual dan perilaku keagamaan para sufi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menggambarkan dan mendeskripsikan proses konversi ke agama Islam dalam tiga paradigma, ekonomi politik, sejarah, dan keagamaan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa konversi agama pada masyarakat Melayu lebih banyak diperankan oleh aktor ekonomi. Untuk mempermudah konversi tersebut, para pelaku ekonomi menikahi wanita setempat, dan melakukan negosiasi dengan sultan yang berkuasa. Dari sumber yang ada (manuskrip dan arsip), para pelaku ekonomi memiliki peran signifikan dalam mengkonversi agama Islam pada masyarakat Melayu. Aktor ekonomi, pada abad ke 17-18 masehi, yang terdiri dari para pedagang terkoneksi dengan negeri-negeri yang ada di Samudra Hindia. Sebagian dari mereka datang ke Pantai Barat, Sumatera untuk berdagang rempah-rempah. Para pedagang yang datang tersebut adalah pemeluk agama Islam. Kedatangan mereka membawa dua tujuan sekaligus, ajaran agama di tangan kanan dan komoditas perdagangan di tangan kiri. Kedua tujuan tersebut yang menjadi daya penggerak para pedagang untuk menyebarkan Islam di setiap wilayah yang disinggahi. Penelitian ini berkorelasi dengan kondisi masyarakat Islam pada masyarakat Melayu saat ini, yang lebih banyak menekuni sektor perdagangan dibanding sektor lain. Pada saat yang sama juga menjadi pemeluk Islam yang taat.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Teguh Iman Basuki

West Java is one of the provinces in Indonesia that has strong potential and wisdom, mountains range from the east to the west of the Bogor Peak area, as well as the southern region which has attractive coastal views and panoramas from Pangandaran district to sukabumi district. One of the southern parts of West Java which has the potential of coastal tourism is Garut regency, one of them is the Rancabuaya beach, the potential of Rancabuaya beach tourism is now being developed to attract tourists, located in Purbayani village in Caringin sub-district with an area of 10 hectares while the current area used as a new tourism area of 2 hectares, which is also directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean with the characteristics of having big tide and large rocks and rock cliffs that are quite high, another potential tourism attraction is the presence of a waterfall directly facing the beach. However, Rancabuaya beach is very beautiful, but the level of tourist visits is less than the total visitors to other southern Jabar (west Java) beach attractions, which is Pangandaran beach. Visitors to rancabuaya beach are very crowded only in certain events such as, New year, Eid or other National holiday. This study aims to find out what the right marketing model can be applied at Rancabuaya beach tourism area. The results of this study indicate that the indicators of income mix and promotion mix get a good response from the respondents and have a strong relationship to the factors that are formed. Keywords: Rancabuaya beach, promotion, marketing


Author(s):  
Ned Horning ◽  
Julie A. Robinson ◽  
Eleanor J. Sterling ◽  
Woody Turner ◽  
Sacha Spector

Two major disasters, the Indian Ocean Tsunami of December 2004 and the flooding of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina in August 2005, have heightened global awareness of the importance of wetlands for reducing wave energies and negative impacts of floods on coastal communities (Danielsen et al. 2005). Both situations have also led to research that uses remote sensing to help understand changes in coastal wetlands over regional scales. These types of studies would be difficult to complete with classic field methods because of the breadth of their spatio-temporal scopes. Remote sensing helps scientists to identify the most beneficial approaches to reduce wetland losses, and to target restoration programs. Remote sensing can increase understanding of wetland change and provide an evidence base for policy makers. We will start with an example of a major analysis of the historical conversion of mangrove habitats prior to the Indian Ocean Tsunami, seeking insights into whether intact coastal wetlands provide protection. We will have a related example for the Louisiana coast and hurricane vulnerability later in the chapter. Giri et al. (2008) used more than 750 Landsat images to map tsunami-prone coastal areas of Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Burma (Myanmar), Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka. Imagery was centered on four different time periods (as close as possible to the central calendar year, given cloud cover in many images): mid-1970s, 1990, around 2000, and 2005. Because of the size of the study area, they resampled data to the Albers equal area map projection, normalized for solar irradiance, and produced maps for each time period. The authors used supervised classification to map the water bodies and unsupervised classification (isodata cluster analysis) to classify the remaining images as mangrove, non-mangrove, or barren lands. Field data and high-resolution satellite images (QuickBird, IKONOS) were the source of map validation. They then produced post-classification change maps by subtracting the classifications of pairs of wetland maps, comparing 1975–90, 1975–2000, 1975–2005, 1990–2000, 1990–2005 and 2000–5.


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