Ethno pharmacological Efficiency of Andrographis Paniculata against Tuber Rot Disease of Manihot Esculenta (Cassava)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruba Palani ◽  
Wesely Edward Gnanaraj ◽  
Rani Michael Helan Soundra
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Parasitic Fungi ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Tuber Rot

Cassava is a chief and energy rich carbohydrates food, which might be the reason many parasitic fungi adhere within the plant that causes huge damage to the crop during the post harvesting stage or storage period. In the present study, the ethno-based possible eradication of parasitic fungi was highlighted. Andrographis paniculata Burm. f. Nees and Stachytarpheta indica were chosen for its popular medicinal values and the phytochemical contents were characterized. Its potency showed an inhibitory effects against tuber rot disease causing fungal pathogens viz., Rhizopus sp, Mucor sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporum in Cassava by disc – diffusion methods. The diameter of the zone of inhibition at various concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 w/v) of leaf extracts was observed with the maximum in A. paniculata (20mm with 10 w/v conc.) against Fusarium oxysporum followed by A. niger (17mm at 10w/v conc.). The preliminary phytochemical screening of Andrographis paniculata revealed the presence of phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins. In GCMS analysis, Benzene,1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-(2-propenyl)-, Cyclopenta [c] pyran-4-carboxylic acid, 7-methyl-, methyl ester and 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z, Z, Z)- covered the high areas, that might be responsible or can possess the antifungal activity against Tuber root rot causing fungal pathogens. Furthermore, extensive studies are recommended to characterize each compound in the crude extracts of A. paniculata to enhance or to acclaim remedy for various diseases in plants. This study reveals the acknowledgement of the medicinal plant A. paniculata for its remarkable organic or eco-friendly fungicide potential against cassava tuber rot diseases.

scholarly journals Bioefficacy of Trichoderma species against important fungal pathogens causing post-harvest rot in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-453
Author(s):  
Victor Ohileobo DANIA
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Antibiotic Production ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Tuber Rot

Tuber rot disease constitutes a serious threat to sweetpotato production worldwide, causing economic losses to farmers.  This study evaluated an eco-friendly approach using four biological control agents, Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum, T. hamatum and T. pseudokoningii for the management of post-harvest tuber rot disease of sweetpotato. Field surveys for infected tuber samples were conducted four across major sweetpotato states in Nigeria. Rot severity in inoculated tubers was evaluated over a storage period of four months and Trichoderma species isolated from the rhizosphere were bioassayed for the production of metabolites to evaluate the mechanism of antibiotic production for the control of rot pathogens using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. A total of 24 metabolites were produced by the Trichoderma species and the abundances were species dependent. Trichoderma species significantly (p<0.05) inhibited rot in treated tubers at 4 months after storage. However, T. harzianum was most effective, reducing mycelia growth of the rot pathogens by 54.6-77.3% in vitro and 47.2-68.8% reduction of rot incidence in vivo. The efficacy of Trichoderma species used in this study recommends their use as alternative therapy to synthetic fungicides in the management of post-harvest rot in sweetpotato. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 446–453, 2019

scholarly journals An Endophytic Strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Suppresses Fusarium oxysporum Infection of Chinese Wolfberry by Altering Its Rhizosphere Bacterial Community

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine Uwaremwe ◽  
Liang Yue ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
Xia Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Lycium Barbarum ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Biocontrol Strain

Root rot disease is a serious infection leading to production loss of Chinese wolfberry (Lycium barbarum). This study tested the potential for two bacterial biological control agents, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HSB1 and FZB42, against five fungal pathogens that frequently cause root rot in Chinese wolfberry. Both HSB1 and FZB42 were found to inhibit fungal mycelial growth, in vitro and in planta, as well as to promote the growth of wolfberry seedlings. In fact, a biocontrol experiment showed efficiency of 100% with at least one treatment involving each biocontrol strain against Fusarium oxysporum. Metagenomic sequencing was used to assess bacterial community shifts in the wolfberry rhizosphere upon introduction of each biocontrol strain. Results showed that HSB1 and FZB42 differentially altered the abundances of different taxa present and positively influenced various functions of inherent wolfberry rhizosphere bacteria. This study highlights the application of biocontrol method in the suppression of fungal pathogens that cause root rot disease in wolfberry, which is useful for agricultural extension agents and commercial growers.

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF Cirsium arvense EXTRACTS AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS Macrophomina phaseolina

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BANARAS ◽  
A. JAVAID ◽  
A. SHOAIB ◽  
E. AHMED
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Acid Methyl

ABSTRACT Leaves, stems, roots and inflorescence of the asteraceous weed Circium arvense were extracted in methanol for two weeks. Methanol was evaporated in a rotary evaporator. Different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%) of methanolic extracts were prepared, and their antifungal activities were studied against Macrophomina phaseolina, using malt extract broth as growth medium. In general, extracts of all plant parts showed antifungal activities to variable extents. The highest antifungal activity occurred due to methanolic extract of leaves, followed by stem and root extracts, resulting in 10-74%, 6-57% and 11-39% reduction in fungal biomass over control, respectively. Inflorescence extract showed the least antifungal activity, resulting in 2-30% reduction in fungal biomass over control. There was a linear and inverse relationship between extract concentrations and fungal biomass for extracts of all the four parts. GC-MS analysis showed that there were 10 compounds in most effective methanolic leaf extract. Among these, 10-octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (26.442%), 2H-1-benzopyran, 6,7-dimethoxy-2-2-dimethyl (20.195%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (15.752%) and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (12.628%) were predominant compounds in the extract that may be responsible for antifungal activity. This study concludes that methanolic leaf extracts of C. arvense can be used for the management of M. phaseolina.

scholarly journals Production of Volatile Organic Compounds of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici on Coinoculation with the Metabolites of Chaetomium globosum

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Sangeetha C ◽  
◽  
Krishnamoorthy AS ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Ester Group ◽  
Chaetomium Globosum ◽  
The Difference

e present study focused on divulging the effect of 15 and 30 days old culture filtrates of Chaetomium globosum on the mycelial growth and toxin production of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. The cell-free culture (CFC) filtrate of C. globosum was inoculated in the liquid medium of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. The results revealed that mycelial growth was reduced in the CFC filtrate of C. globosum inoculated medium compared to control (pathogen alone). The mycelial dry weight of the F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was 0.864g in fifteen days old CFC filtrate followed by 30 days old CFC filtrate of C. globosum (1.374g) amended medium. Metabolites from the CFC filtrate and control were extracted separately using chloroform followed by ethyl acetate and the extract was subjected to GC-MS analysis. GC-MS analyses showed that methyl ester group was present in 15 days old culture filtrate condensate compared to 30 days old CFC. The compounds are methyl tetradecanoate, octadecanoic acid, methyl ester, and DL-Proline, 5-oxo-, methyl ester. Thirty days old culture filtrate condensate of C. globosum contained more phenol groups like phenol 2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) at 17.62 RT followed by diisooctyl phthalate, 17-pentatriacontene, cholestan-3-ol, 2-methylene-, (3a,5a) and bicycle [4.1.0]heptanes,-3-cyclopropyl,-7-hydroxymethyl,trans. Metabolites of F. o. f. sp. lycopersici were also characterized by GC-MS, which showed very few volatile compounds like methyl tetradecanone , oleic acid, eicosyl ester, methyl stearate, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. These compounds were not detected in co-inoculation of 15 and 30 days old CFC filtrate of C. globosum and F. o. f. sp. lycopersici. The difference in the volatile profile may be due to the effect of the metabolites of C. globosum on F. o. f.sp. lycopersici.

scholarly journals Carnation wilt diseases caused by fungi in Finland

1969 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
E. A. Jamalainen ◽  
Laina Ruotsalainen
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Carbamic Acid ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
Alternaria Tenuis ◽  
Different Parts

From 81 carnation samples collected in 1967—68 from nurseries in different parts of the country were identified 17 species of fungus, from a total of 177 fungus isolates. Among these, Fusarium oxysporum was most widespread, 31.1 %. F. arthrosporioides, F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, Alternaria tenuis and Cladosporium sp. occurred in considerable quantities. The percentage of Phialophora cinerescens was 1.1 %. In the inoculation trials F. oxysporum behaved as a strongly pathogenic, infecting plants via the air through cut surfaces and via the soil by root-penetration. A. tenuis, F. avenaceum and F. culmorum infected carnations only from the air through cut surfaces. In the fungicide trials against F. oxysporum, spraying the plants infected via the soil proved ineffective. The trials were made with the systemic Benlate (1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamic acid, methyl ester 50 %), Plantvax (2,3-Dihydro-5-carboxanilido- 6-methyl-1,4-oxathiin-4,4-dioxide), Vitavax (2,3-Dihydro-5-caboxanilido-6-methyl-1,4-oxathiin), and with the non-systemic Dithane M-45 (mancozeb 80 %), Orthocide 50 (captan 50 %) and Pomarsol Forte (thiram 80 %). The dipping of rooted cuttings into Benlate and Dithane M-45 compounds to a certain extent delayed the process of wilting.

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