Thematic maps in the scientific studies of the moon

2019 ◽  
Vol 943 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
S.G. Pugacheva ◽  
E.A. Feoktistova ◽  
V.V. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Lunar Soil ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Laser Altimeters ◽  
Space Infrastructure ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of astrophysical studies of the Moon’s reflected and intrinsic radiation. We studied the intensity of the Moon’s infrared radiation and, thus, carried out a detailed research of the brightness temperature of the Moon’s visible disc, estimated the thermal inertia of the coating substance by the rate of its surface cooling, and the degree of the lunar soil fragmentation. Polarimetric, colorimetric and spectrophotometric measurements of the reflected radiation intensity were carried out at different wavelengths. In the article, we present maps prepared based on our measurement results. We conducted theresearch of the unique South Pole – Aitken basin (SPA). The altitude profiles of the Apollo-11 and Zond-8 spacecrafts and the data of laser altimeters of the Apollo-16 and Apollo-15 spacecrafts were used as the main material. Basing upon this data we prepared a hypsometric map of SPA-basing global relief structure. A surface topography map of the Moon’s Southern Hemisphere is given in the article. The topography model of the SPA topography surface shows displacement centers of the altitude topographic rims from the central rim. Basing upon the detailed study of the basin’s topography as well as its “depth-diameter” ratio we suggest that the basin originated from the impact of a giant cometary body from the Orta Cloud. In our works, we consider the Moon as a part of the Earth’s space infrastructure. High growth rates of the Earth’s population, irrational nature management will cause deterioration of scarce natural resources in the near future. In our article, we present maps of the natural resources on the Moon pointing out the most promising regions of thorium, iron, and titanium. Probably in 20 or 40 years a critical mining level of gold, diamonds, zinc, platinum and other vital rocks and metals will be missing on the Earth.

scholarly journals Determination of environmental problems of agricultural nature management based on modular geochemical indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Almobarak Falak ◽  
Lidia A. Mezhova
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
The Impact

Central Chernozem is one of the largest agricultural regions in Russia. As a result of the long period of natural resources use the anthropogenic load on agricultural lands is increasing. The result of agricultural nature management is the increase of land degradation processes. Voronezh Region has a high agro-climatic potential, most of the territory is occupied by agricultural land, arable land prevails among them. Soil degradation is the most acute problem. There is a need to assess the impact of agricultural natural resources use on land resources of the region. Modular coefficients for assessment of geochemical impact of agriculture and animal husbandry on agricultural systems are proposed. The developed factor is a tool for identification of negative land use processes and environmental problems. The article deals with the issues of ecologically oriented, scientifically grounded strategy of agricultural nature management. Ecological approach to assessment of soil quality in the future will develop a strategy for balanced land use. The article has a scientific and practical character and is aimed at the development of methods of ecological assessment of soil quality. The proposed methodological approach identifies destructive processes in soils. For ecologically oriented strategy of development of regions it is important to define maximum allowable agricultural loads for preservation of sustainable environment.

scholarly journals Does the lunar regolith contain secrets of the Solar System? Using the Moon as a cosmic witness plate

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S264) ◽  
pp. 475-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. McKay ◽  
Louise Riofrio ◽  
Bonnie L. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Lunar Regolith ◽  
Lunar Soil ◽  
The Moon ◽  
System A ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Radiation History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Capsule ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe lunar regolith (soil) has recorded a history of the early Moon, the Earth, and the entire solar system. A major goal of the developing lunar exploration program should be to find and play back existing fragments of that tape. By playing back the lunar tape, we can uncover a record of planetary bombardment, as well as solar and stellar variability. The Moon can tell us much about our place in the solar system and in the Universe. The lunar regolith has likely recorded the original meteoritic bombardment of Earth and Moon, a violent cataclysm that may have peaked around 4 GY, and the less intense bombardment occurring since that time. Decrease in bombardment allowed life to develop on Earth. This impact history is preserved as megaregolith layers, ejecta layers, impact melt rocks, and ancient impact breccias. The impact history for the Earth and Moon possibly had profound effects on the origin and development of life. Life may have arrived via meteorite transport from a more quiet body, such as Mars. The solar system may have experienced bursts of severe radiation from the Sun, other stars or from unknown sources. The lunar regolith has also recorded a radiation history in the form of implanted and trapped solar wind and solar flare materials and radiation damage. The Moon can be considered as a giant tape recorder containing the history of the solar system. Lunar soil generated by small impacts will be found sandwiched between layers of basalt or pyroclastic deposits. This filling constitutes a buried time capsule that is likely to contain well-preserved ancient regolith. Study of such samples will show us how the solar system has evolved and changed over time. The lunar recording can provide detailed snapshots of specific portions of solar and stellar variability.

THE BIOAGRICULTURE-ECOLOGY SYNERGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 560-563
Author(s):  
N. Kostadinova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Impact

Agriculture affects nature and natural resources, changes the environment, and causes environmental problems. But as an economic activity it is directly related to natural conditions and dependent on natural forces. And nature management leads to environmental consequences. Organic farming has a lesser impact on the environment and contributes to its protection. The purpose of this study is to monitor the impact of organic farming on ecology and environmental protection. To achieve this goal the following tasks are solved: analyzing the state and development of organic farming in Bulgaria; studying the impact between organic farming and ecology; to substantiate the conclusions and recommendations of the study The methods and approaches used to achieve the goal and solve the problems are analysis and synthesis, systematic, synergetic and structural approach, induction and deduction, statistical methods, expert evaluations. The expectations of the study are to establish that there is a potential for the growth of organic farming which has an impact on environmental protection.

Implantation of Earth’s atmospheric ions into the nearside and farside lunar soil: implications to geodynamo evolution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wei ◽  
Jun Zhong ◽  
Fei He ◽  
Hui zhang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Lunar Soil ◽  
Geological History ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
N Enrichment ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
The Impact

<p>Earth’s present dipolar magnetic field extends into the interplanetary space and interacts with the solar wind, forming a magnetosphere filled up with charged particles mostly originating from the Earth’s atmosphere. In the elongated tail of the magnetosphere, the particles were observed to move either Earthward or tailward with different speeds at different locations, even outside the Moon’s orbit. We hypothesize that the lunar soil, on both the nearside and farside, should have been impacted by these particles during the geological history, and the impact was controlled by the size and morphology of the magnetosphere. We predict that the farside soil could also have the features similar to those in the nearside soil, e.g., <sup>15</sup>N-enrichment. Furthermore, we may infer the evolution of the magnetosphere and atmosphere by examining the implanted particles in the lunar soil from both sides. This hypothesis could provide an alternative way to study the evolution of Earth’s dynamo and atmosphere.</p>

scholarly journals Development of recreational sphere and problems of rational use of natural resources in the Carpathian region of Ukraine

2013 ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Ivakh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
The Impact

The problems of environmental management and nature protection which are connected with the development of a recreational complex in the Carpathian region have been lighted. The historical peculiarities of the formation of the stream of tourists in the region in XX–in the early XXI century, and the impact on the environment have been analyzed. The basic environmental problems which arise from the construction of recreational infrastructure and the direct tourists stay on the routes have been described. The ways of optimizing of the recreational nature in the context of sustainable development are proposed. Key words: nature management, recreational sphere, recreational infrastructure, stream of tourist, ecological problems.

Origin of the surface features of the Moon

1974 ◽  
Vol 336 (1605) ◽  
pp. 141-163 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Lunar Soil ◽  
Hypervelocity Impact ◽  
Crater Floor ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Inertia Effects ◽  
Surface Active Agents ◽  
Pressure Independent ◽  
The Impact

The current theories of the Moon are variants of Galileo’s hypothesis, according to which the smooth dark areas were oceans; since 1610 only the fluid of the oceans has been changed, from water to (subsequently solidified) lava. Recent high-resolution photographs, however, are incompatible with the Galilean hypothesis and its modem versions: the smooth dark surfaces, including the floors of the large dark craters, seem to be denuded areas on the once-molten lunar body, from which the ‘lunar soil’ has been blown away by explosions of comets. The lunar soil seems to be the impact-crushed ancient crust of the Moon, mixed with the debris of meteorites and comets; it is the material of the rugged highlands. The exposed areas of the lunar body are partly glazed with thin coats of lava, and covered with dust darkened at the surface. The multitudes of small craters, according to G. K. Gilbert (1893), are meteorite in­dentations; the large craters, however, have been created by the explosion of comets, as suggested by Kopal (1959). If the impact is weak, the explosion sweeps the soil, or, in bare marial areas, the comet-debris, to a circular or crescent-shaped wall; a more violent impact also indents the brittle lunar body in a manner than can be reproduced in many details by a steel-ball indentation of a block of glass. A simple calculation combining the Hertz theory of elastic contact with the Griffith biaxial theory of fracture explains the flatness of the crater floor, and the terraced wall; the polygonal shape of the indentation craters and the tangential rays around them are inertia effects due to the near-sonic velocity of crack propagation. Indentation leaves behind residual stresses which are partially relieved in moonquakes. The delay of the stress release may be analogous to the delayed fracture of glass caused by the reduction of the surface energy by adsorption or chemisorption. The surface-active agents are probably water and other volatiles injected by the comets into the indentation cracks; streams of such volatiles seem to have excavated the sinuous rilles. The usual calculations of high-velocity impact cannot be applied to the Moon because they are based on an approximation for calculations of armour-plate penetration: under hypervelocity impact, steel can be regarded as a heavy non-viscous liquid because its yield stress is roughly pressure-independent and relatively negligible. The debris of a brittle body, however, obeys Coulomb’s law of soil mechanics: its shear strength is approximately proportional to the pressure, instead of being independent of it.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF INCLUSIVITY IN THE FIELD OF RECREATIONAL NATURE MANAGEMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF BEACH TERRITORIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2(75)) ◽  
pp. 122-134
Author(s):  
N.I. KHUMAROVA ◽  
H.O. TIUTIUNNYK ◽  
N.V. VERNIHOROVA
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Shore Protection ◽  
The Impact

Topicality. Ensuring inclusiveness in the field of recreational nature management plays a special role in the system of economic development of the country and further integration into the European Union.The modern institutional base is rather fragmentary in terms of administrative regulation of beach areas - the environment of a set of valuable natural resources that are attractive for business development.This leads to the impossibility of effective economic assessment of territories, preservation of their ecological status, and as a consequence prevents the pursuit of global economic trends.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to reveal the characteristics of an inclusive approach and outline the components of the organization and development of beach areas. Formulation of criteria for creating an inclusive beach. Substantiation of introduction of principles of the organization of inclusiveness of recreational natural resources on an example of the beaches which have received the Blue Flag status.Research results. The authors consider the legislative basis, strategies and action plans for the protection of the marine environment of Ukraine and its use. The rules of use of shore protection structures, which are places of mass recreation, are presented and contradictions are revealed in them. The principles of inclusive use of beach areas are declared. The state of pollution of beach areas, methods of assessing the impact of economic activities on marine ecosystems, the state of tourist flows and proposals are analyzed.Conclusion. It is substantiated that there is no scientific theoretical basis, and in the legislative field there is no single legal act that regulates the issues of beach areas, their pollution, the relevant economic relations. It is substantiated that there is no zoning of beach areas and their ecological condition is not taken into account when calculating the cost of rent. At an insufficient level - compliance with the social needs of different segments of the population and ensuring the care, use and protection of the contact area as a whole. The necessity of using tax policy, rent payments based on economic assessment of natural recreational resources taking into account the ecological component is substantiated.

scholarly journals Sustainable ecological and economic development of mountainous areas through the prism of tariff regulation of nature management

2021 ◽  
Vol 255 ◽  
pp. 01042
Author(s):  
Mykhaylo Pityulych ◽  
Mariana Popyk ◽  
Galyna Kish ◽  
Olga Chakiy ◽  
Robert Bacho
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
The Impact

The article is focused on the formation of an effective tariff policy for the use of natural resources and environmental pollution. The article substantiates that such a policy should be aimed at minimizing the negative impact of economic and business activities on the environment, which will ultimately increase the efficiency and rational use of available natural resources of separate mountain areas based on their development priorities. The main factors are outlined that stipulate for the complexity and urgency of solving environmental problems in mountain areas, where special attention is focused on the impact of existing economic entities on the use of local natural resources and the impact of their activities on the environment is determined. The article defines the methodological tools for calculating the assessment of the impact of investment projects on the environmental situation of a particular area where the investment project will be implemented. The study reveals methods for calculating two indicators related to emissions of harmful substances into the environment, in particular the calculation of the coefficients of ecological purity of productions for atmosphere and water in some separate areas.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

Green Beans Cultivation Using Mice Pets Control to Improve the Quality of Bintaro Fruit Extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ajeng Embri Legawati ◽  
Nur Azizah ◽  
Achmad Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Environmental Balance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Green beans cultivation technology using mice pets control has been implemented in the Gluranploso village, Benjeng Gresik. The implementation of the technology performed for 2.5 months from August to October 2017. The purpose of the implementation is aimed to reduce the dependence of farmers on the use of chemical pesticides so that the farmers are aware of the negative impact of chemical pesticides. Assessing the impact of the utilization of Bintaro fruit and fruit extracts to explore ways of making Bintaro as a natural biopesticide to overcome rat attack on green bean plants in the Gluranploso village. Pest control mice can reduce the rate of loss of the crops more effectively and efficiently. Finally, with the use of those natural resources as a biopesticide material can also maintain the environmental balance

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