Microbiota of the Esophagus and Stomach in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Healthy Volunteers

This paper is aimed at investigating the microbiota of the esophagus and stomach in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and healthy volunteers.Materials and methods. The study included 15 patients suffering from GERD and 6 healthy volunteers. All subjects underwent sampling of esophageal and gastric contents. The study of the microbiota in the obtained samples was performed by sequencing the 16S gene of ribosomal RNA (rRNA).Results. The most common types of bacteria in the esophagus and stomach in patients with GERD and healthy volunteers are found to be Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Fusobacterium. By comparing the relative contents of the main types of bacteria in the esophageal mucus and gastric contents, a significant decrease in the proportion of Proteobacteria was observed in patients with GERD as compared to healthy volunteers. The decrease in the relative number of bacteria belonging to the Acetobacteraceae, Bacillaceae, Bdellovibrionaceae, Clostridiales Insertae Sedis XI, Fusobacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Pasteurellaceae and Rhodocyclaceae families was observed in the esophagus in patients with GERD as compared to healthy volunteers. A higher bacterial content of the Leptotrichiaceae and Veillonellaceae families was detected in the stomach of patients with GERD.Conclusions. The obtained results indicate differences in the intraluminal microbiota of the esophagus and stomach in patients with GERD and healthy volunteers. Further study should be carried out to study the effect of changes in bacterial composition on those in the esophagus and stomach.

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease with Thal fundoplication

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi50.6.2010.371-4 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 371

Author(s):

Irwan Effendi ◽

Yusri Dianne Jurnalis ◽

Yorva Sayoeti ◽

Yusirwan Yusuf

Keyword(s):

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Reflux Disease ◽

Infants And Children ◽

Common Phenomenon ◽

Gastric Contents ◽

Gerd Symptoms

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common phenomenon among heathy infants, with approximately 50% of infants aged 0 to 3 months and 67% of infants aged 4 months experiencing at least one episode of vomiting per day. GER defined as regurgitation of gastric contents into the esophagus or mouth. GER typically improves through the first postnatal year, with only 5% of healthy 12 month old infants experiencing vomiting.1,2 Complicated GER or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been reported to affect up to 8% of infants and children with GER.l,3 Antireflux procedures (ARPs) are increasingly offered to control GERD symptoms. We report a case of a baby with GERD and treated with ThaI fundoplication procedures. Fundoplication procedure is rarely performed in management of GERD, and this is the first fundoplication procedure in children with GERD at M. Djamil Hospital.

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ACIDIC AND NEUTRAL LIQUID INGESTION IN PATIENTS WITH GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-28032014000300010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 217-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dafne Calsoni GOMES ◽

Roberto Oliveira DANTAS

Keyword(s):

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Reflux Disease ◽

Lemon Juice ◽

Esophageal Transit ◽

Esophageal Body ◽

Water Ph ◽

Liquid Bolus ◽

Sour Bolus

Context Sour acidic liquid has a slower distal esophageal transit than a neutral liquid. Our hypothesis was that an acidic sour bolus has a different ingestion dynamic than a neutral bolus. Method In 50 healthy volunteers and 29 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), we evaluated the ingestion dynamics of 100 mL of acidic sour liquid (concentrated lemon juice, pH: 3.0) and 100 mL of water (pH: 6.8). The time to ingest the total volume, the number of swallows to ingest the volume, the interval between swallows, the flux of ingestion and the volume ingested in each swallow was measured. Results In both groups, healthy volunteers and patients in treatment for GERD, the acidic liquid took longer to be ingested, a higher number of swallows, a slower flux of ingestion and a smaller volume in each swallow than the neutral bolus. There was no difference between healthy volunteers and patients with GERD. The ingestion in women was longer than in men for acidic and neutral liquids. Conclusion Acidic liquid has a different dynamic of ingestion than the neutral liquid, which may be consequence of the slower transit through the distal esophageal body or an anticipation to drink a sour bolus. Patients with GERD have the same prolonged ingestion of the acidic liquid bolus as seen in healthy volunteers.

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618 STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX SYMPTOMS AND ESOPHAGEAL MICROBIOTA

Diseases of the Esophagus ◽

10.1093/dote/doab052.618 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Songfeng Chen ◽

Mengyu Zhang ◽

Qianjun Zhuang ◽

Yinglian Xiao

Keyword(s):

Duodenal Ulcer ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Reflux Disease ◽

Esophageal Motility ◽

Gastric Fluid ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Reflux Symptoms ◽

Α Diversity

Abstract The occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms is related to the changes of esophageal mucosal sensitivity and esophageal motility. Studies have found that changes in gut microbiota can cause lower digestive tract symptoms by changing intestinal sensitivity and intestinal motility. The current study aimed to explore whether changes of esophageal microbiota can cause gastroesophageal reflux symptoms by altering esophageal sensitivity and esophageal motility. Methods Patients who were admitted to our hospital due to heartburn and reflux symptoms were prospectively included. Ten healthy volunteers and 10 patients with duodenal ulcer were included as controls. Both patients’ and healthy volunteers’ distal esophagus mucosal tissues and gastric fluid were collected under endoscopy for extraction of bacterial DNA. Patients and volunteers were divided into different groups according to disease situations, esophageal motility status, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment efficacy. The α-diversity, β-diversity and specific composition of the microbiota among different groups were compared. Results A total of 12 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (G), 16 patients with functional esophageal disorder (F), 10 healthy volunteers (H), and 10 duodenal ulcer patients (D) were included. Esophageal mucosal microbiota analysis revealed that the microbiota composition was similar in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and functional esophageal disorders, which significantly different from that in healthy volunteers and patients with duodenal ulcers. Both gastroesophageal reflux disease patients and functional esophageal disorder patients had higher proportion of Pseudomonas than healthy controls and duodenal ulcer patients (G vs. F vs. H vs. D = 25.5% vs. 41.9% vs. 0.2% vs. 1.2%；P = 0.041). Conclusion The microbiota composition of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and patients with functional esophageal disorder were similar and were both significantly different from that of healthy volunteers and patients with duodenal ulcer. The increased proportion of Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas may play an important role in the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms.

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Acute Effects of Red Chili, a Natural Capsaicin Receptor Agonist, on Gastric Accommodation and Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Healthy Volunteers and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Patients

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12123740 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 3740

Author(s):

Tanisa Patcharatrakul ◽

Chatchai Kriengkirakul ◽

Tawatchai Chaiwatanarat ◽

Sutep Gonlachanvit

Keyword(s):

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Reflux Disease ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Emission Computed Tomography ◽

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽

Gastric Accommodation ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

The effects of chili on gastric accommodation (GA) in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients have not been explored. Methods: In total, 15 healthy volunteers (HV) and 15 pH-positive non-erosive GERD (NERD) patients underwent single-photon emission computed tomography after ingesting 2 g of chili or placebo in capsules in a randomized double-blind crossover fashion with a one-week washout period. GA was the maximal postprandial gastric volume (GV) after 250 mL of Ensure® minus the fasting GV. Upper gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated by using a visual analog scale. Results: NERD patients but not HV had significantly greater GA after chili compared to a placebo (451 ± 89 vs. 375 ± 81 mL, p < 0.05). After chili, the postprandial GVs at 10, 20, and 30 min in NERD patients were significantly greater than HV (10 min, 600 ± 73 vs. 526 ± 70 mL; 20 min, 576 ± 81 vs. 492 ± 78 mL; 30 min, 532 ± 81 vs. 466 ± 86 mL, all p < 0.05). In NERD, chili was associated with significantly less satiety, more severe abdominal burning (p < 0.05), and a trend of more severe heartburn (p = 0.06) compared to the placebo. In HV, postprandial symptoms after chili and placebo ingestion were similar (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Chili enhanced GA in NERD patients but not in HV. This suggests that the modulation of GA in NERD is abnormal and likely involves transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) sensitive pathways.

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Comparisons of Esophageal Function Tests between Chinese and British Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2015/127275 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Feng Gao ◽

Samantha Leach ◽

Jian Yu Hao ◽

Zhan Min Shang ◽

Anthony Robert Hobson

Keyword(s):

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Reflux Disease ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Control Group ◽

Esophageal Peristalsis ◽

Esophageal Function ◽

Bolus Transit ◽

Function Tests

Objective. To investigate the esophageal function tests in British and Chinese patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Methods. Patients with GERD were selected from the functional gut clinic, London, and digestive department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, after taking the examinations of High-resolution Manometry and Impedance (HRiM) and 24-hour Multi-Channel Intraluminal Impedance and pH Recording (MII/pH) between 2013 and 2014. Chinese healthy volunteers who undertook HRiM were also selected as control group.Results. Fifty-nine British and 82 Chinese patients with GERD and 62 Chinese healthy volunteers were entered. Values for British patients, Chinese patients, and healthy volunteers were as follows: Lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP)16.0±8.6,16.5±10.0, and26.4±10.9 mmHg, peristalsis (normal/small break/large break) 24/12/23, 44/10/28, and 57/1/4, total bolus transit time (TBTT)7.3±1.3,7.6±1.2, and6.9±0.9 s, and complete bolus transit rate (CBTR)66.7±37.8,61.7±36.4, and90.3±14.0%, respectively. Stepwise linear regression analysis showed that age, gender, and ethnicity did not have significant effect on LESP, TBTT, esophageal peristalsis, and CBTR in patients with GERD.Conclusions. British and Chinese patients with GERD presented similar values of LESP, TBTT, and impaired esophageal peristalsis and CBTR.

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Non-invasive ultrasound diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease

Herald of Pancreatic Club ◽

10.33149/vkp.2017.04.10 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 64-67

Author(s):

Z. Z. Saatov ◽

M. M. Karimov ◽

G. N. Sobirova ◽

A. M. Akhmatkhodzhaev ◽

M. M. Yakubov

Keyword(s):

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Clinical Efficacy ◽

Reflux Disease ◽

Distal Part ◽

Distal Esophagus ◽

Ultrasound Diagnosis ◽

Transabdominal Ultrasonography ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Gastric Contents

The clinical efficacy of transabdominal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease was presented in the article. 250 patients with clinical and endoscopic signs of gastroesophageal reflux disease were examined. The authors examined the distal esophagus, where they determined the length of the abdominal esophagus, the esophageal diameter, lumen width, the thickness and structure of walls. It was revealed that the most common signs of gastroesophageal reflux disease were the expansion of the diameter of the distal part of the esophagus after ingestion of liquids, regurgitation of gastric contents into the esophagus in the form of a symmetrical thickening of the walls of the esophagus.

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Esophageal tone in patients with total aperistalsis: gastroesophageal reflux disease versus achalasia

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.2.g374 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 279 (2) ◽

pp. G374-G379 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Fermín Mearin ◽

Celia Vasconez ◽

Natalia Zárate ◽

Juan R. Malagelada

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Reflux Disease ◽

Esophageal Motility ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Nitric Oxide Donor ◽

Healthy Group

We have evaluated esophageal tone in two different conditions that, in some cases, similarly impair phasic esophageal motility. Studies were performed in 14 healthy volunteers, 10 patients with total esophageal aperistalsis secondary to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and 25 untreated achalasia patients. We quantified esophageal compliance and relaxation induced by a nitric oxide donor using a barostat. Intraesophageal volume at a minimal distending pressure (2 mmHg) was not significantly different among all three groups (4.1 ± 0.7, 3.8 ± 0.7, and 4.2 ± 1.2 ml for healthy, GERD, and achalasia groups, respectively). Esophageal compliance was significantly increased ( P < 0.05 vs. healthy group) in the two groups of patients with aperistalsis (1.9 ± 0.2, 3.0 ± 0.2, and 3.1 ± 0.3 ml/mmHg for healthy, GERD, and achalasia groups, respectively). Esophageal relaxation was decreased in GERD patients (Δ diameter: 0.4 ± 0.1 cm) and increased in achalasia patients (Δ diameter: 1.3 ± 0.4 cm) relative to healthy subjects (Δ diameter: 0.9 ± 0.2 cm) ( P < 0.05 for GERD vs. achalasia and healthy groups). Our results indicate that diseases that similarly impair phasic esophageal motility may affect esophageal tone differently.

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The use of pantoprazole and famotidine in gastroesophageal reflux disease

Medycyna Faktów ◽

10.24292/01.mf.0420.15 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 482-486

Author(s):

Joanna Welończyk

Keyword(s):

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Reflux Disease ◽

Body Position ◽

Symptom Control ◽

Fatty Meal ◽

Gastric Contents ◽

Life Improvement ◽

Case Basis

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the incidence is comparable in men and women and increases with age (especially after the age of 40). The essence of the disease is the reflux of acid gastric contents into the lumen of the esophagus and causing local irritation of the mucosa. The main symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease is heartburn, i.e. a burning sensation behind the breastbone, often aggravated after a heavy and fatty meal or a change in body position (by bending down, lying down). Symptoms, including extra-esophageal symptoms, can also occur at night (even in 45–80% of gastroesophageal reflux disease patients) and are not always immediately associated with reflux. The mainstay of treatment are acid-inhibiting drugs. The purpose of this article is to discuss, on a case-by-case basis, the beneficial combination of pantoprazole with famotidine for symptom control and quality of life improvement.

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Features of the clinical course and motorsecretory disorders in gastroesophageal reflux disease in overweight patients

Shidnoevropejskij zurnal vnutrisnoi ta simejnoi medicini ◽

10.15407/internalmed2021.01.127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (1) ◽

pp. 127-130

Author(s):

O.A. Oparin ◽

◽

O.M. Maliar ◽

Yu.G. Fedchenko ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Body Mass ◽

Reflux Disease ◽

Clinical Course ◽

Young Patients ◽

Control Group ◽

Gastric Contents ◽

Ph Metry

Objective: To study the mechanisms of motor-secretory disorders in young patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease with concomitant obesity. Materials and results. The study involved 55 patients. The first group included patients with GERD with concomitant obesity, the second group included patients with GERD without concomitant pathology, the control group – 20 healthy people. The survey was conducted using the GERDQ questionnaire. The results showed that complaints of regurgitation, belching and dysphagia were more pronounced in obese GERD patients. Motor-secretory disturbances were examined by ultrasound and pH-metry, with indicators of the diameter of the esophageal orifice of the diaphragm, dilation of the lower third of the esophagus, reflux volume, acidity of gastric contents significantly higher in patients with GERD with concomitant obesity. The correlation between body mass index, severity of complaints and indicators of motor-secretory disorders was revealed.

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Gastroesophageal Reflux

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.13.5.174 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 174-182

Author(s):

Susan R. Orenstein

Keyword(s):

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Reflux Disease ◽

Single Event ◽

Single Episode ◽

Pathologic Condition ◽

Curative Therapy ◽

Single Instance ◽

Gastric Contents ◽

Asymptomatic Individuals

Gastroesophageal reflux is an important problem in children for several reasons. It occurs frequently; sometimes features perplexing and misleading symptoms; causes significant morbidity; and defies rapid, simple, and curative therapy. Thus, it is an important disorder for pediatricians to understand. Definitions Gastroesophageal reflux is the return of gastric contents into the esophagus. Confusion sometimes has resulted from failure to distinguish between gastroesophageal reflux as a single event and as a condition, as well as from failure to distinguish between a physiologic and a pathologic condition. A gastroesophageal reflux episode is a single instance of return of gastric contents into the esophagus. Confusion between this single event and the pathologic condition of gastroesophageal reflux disease has been perpetuated by the habit of diagnosing "gastroesophageal reflux" (meaning gastroesophageal reflux disease) on the basis of a single episode of reflux seen on a barium fluoroscopic study or during scintigraphic evaluation. It is important to understand that virtually all people reflux occasionally. The distinction between this physiologic gastroesophageal reflux and pathogenic gastroesophageal reflux (ie, gastroesophageal reflux disease) can be made either by demonstrating an abnormal quantity of reflux (increased frequency or duration of episodes compared to asymptomatic individuals) or by demonstrating that detrimental effects (such as malnutrition, esophagitis, or respiratory disease) have resulted from reflux.

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