Microfinancial Collaborative Economies Business Models and Strategies for Quality of Life Improvement

The present chapter analyzes two cases of a joint venture stage to determine the successes and failures undertaken by the PROMUSAG and Uber as a model and strategies of collaborative economies to improve the quality of life. First, it is analyzed PROMUSAG as a program to finance women entrepreneurship aimed to improve the quality of life and the second case aims to analyze the different strategies taken by Uber to join the global market successfully, positioning itself in different countries. The analysis concludes that the empirical knowledge of entrepreneurs, in this case were not sufficient to direct the business to success, and that the lack of structured knowledge and adequate scientific support for this project strongly directed towards the non-permanence on the market. Taking terms as work global, it is considered Uber as a technology-based company and sees it from an overall, same strategy refers to a strategy that follows the company having a worldwide standardized product, another issue that would revise the importance of the theory of institutions.

Intelligent systems based on photonics

This paper discusses the prospects of photonics, shows the relevance and applicability of photonics research. The poten-tial of photonics technologies to answer the socio-economic challenges of the digital transformation age is revealed. Opportunities that emerge with the introduction of photonic devices to various technical systems designed for environ-mental protection and quality of life improvement are demonstrated. Concrete photonics structures and devices for such key applications as spectroscopy, analog optical calculations, and optical neural networks are closely examined. Possi-ble applications for photonic sensors and new type spectrometers are outlined, their competitive advantages explored. Various geometries of extra fine compact photonic spectrometers are presented: based on digital planar diagrams, inte-grated into the photonic waveguides, metasurfaces, diffraction gratings with varying parameters. The benefits of analog optical computations against conventional electronic devices are discussed. Various nanophotonic structures designed for differential and integral operators are studied, solutions for edge detection are proposed. The concept for artificial intelligence implementation on the photonics platform using optical neural networks is analyzed. Various solutions are examined: containing sequences of diffraction elements and based on Huygens–Fresnel principle, as well as planar structures comprised of waveguides that interact as Mach–Zehnder interferometer. SPIE estimation of the international photonics market proposes that the peak of interest for this field is yet to be achieved and photonics will claim its place in the future technological landscape.

Fatigue improvement of aluminium welds by means of deep rolling and diamond burnishing

Deep rolling is an industrially widely established mechanical surface treatment process for the modification of roughness and fatigue resistance. However, the process has not been considered as a potential method for the mechanical post welded treatment of welded joints yet. Even, the potential of deep rolling for increasing the fatigue strength is comparably well-known in the case of non-welded components. Therefore, the effect of deep rolling (hydrostatic mounted tool) and diamond burnishing (mechanical mounted tool) to increase the fatigue strength of butt joints was approved in this work for aluminium alloy AlMg4,5Mn0,7 (EN AW 5083). For this purpose, fatigue tests under full tensile loading were performed in as-welded and deep rolled, burnished and ultrasonic impact treated conditions. Different residual stress states as well as work hardening states are determined in deep rolled and burnished condition. However, similar and significant fatigue life improvement was determined for both processes.

Ring Segment Life Improvement Through Hook Gap and Stiffness Optimization

For large gas turbine new make or standard customer value program always aims for higher power and efficiency which calls for an incremental stage loading in terms of higher gas pressure and temperatures distributions for the new upgrade with less ownership costs. To bring down the ownership cost without compromising on the performance or operating hours it becomes important to squeeze and optimize the current design to its maximum limits. This leads to a situation where existing static components fails to meet the MI Strength and Lifing requirements due to change in pressure and temperature. This paper describes the design challenges and the applied mitigations in the design optimizations of aft stage Ring Segment Hooks and Rails to meet requirements for higher loads at higher performance. Several sensitivity studies were carried out and transfer functions were developed to bring down the hook loads and hook stresses for steady state max temperature and pressure conditions. Two strategies were adopted to optimize the hook loads. The first is to find the adequate gap between hook and slot and the other one is to vary the hook stiffness by changing the circumferential length. This paper also presents a systematic approach and check points to decide the optimum gaps and the stiffness of the hooks. For that purpose, a co-relation was developed between hook load and hook to slot gap and the hook circumferential length and hook stiffness.