scholarly journals Defining and selecting independent directors

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Eric Pichet
Keyword(s):  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Independent Directors ◽  
Independent Director ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Shareholder Theory ◽  
Theoretical Paper ◽  
Nominating Committees ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ideal Process ◽  
The Ideal

Drawing from the Enlightened Shareholder Theory that the author first developed in 2011, this theoretical paper with practical and normative ambitions achieves a better definition of independent director, while improving the understanding of the roles he fulfils on boards of directors. The first part defines constructs like firms, Governance system and Corporate governance, offering a clear distinction between the latter two concepts before explaining the four main missions of a board. The second part defines the ideal independent director by outlining the objective qualities that are necessary and adding those subjective aspects that have turned this into a veritable profession. The third part defines the ideal process for selecting independent directors, based on nominating committees that should themselves be independent. It also includes ways of assessing directors who are currently in function, as well as modalities for renewing their mandates. The paper’s conclusion presents the Paradox of the Independent Director.

Space group determination: improvements inEXPO2004

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Altomare ◽  
Mercedes Camalli ◽  
Corrado Cuocci ◽  
Iván da Silva ◽  
Carmelo Giacovazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Interface ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Peak Overlap ◽  
Structure Solution ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Algorithms ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
Ideal Process ◽  
The Ideal

In the ideal process for crystal structure solution, the determination of the space group usually follows the indexation step. When powder data are used, peak overlap, background definition and possible impurity peaks may hinder the identification of the correct extinction group. The recent automatic procedure implemented inEXPO2004has been further developed; the modifications are based on additional statistical criteria, with new algorithms for a better definition of the background and for the removal of impurity peaks. The new version also offers a more powerful graphical interface. Failures occur rarely, as shown by examples.

Independent Director in State Participating Companies: Cassandra or Ariadna?

2009 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
A. Shastitko ◽  
S. Avdasheva
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Independent Directors ◽  
Independent Director ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Effective System

The article describes the grounds and conditions of independent directors incorporation in the boards of directors of state participating companies. The results of independent directors elections in their boards are analyzed. A number of variants of independent directors de-facto status are shown. The conditions for realizing advantages of independent directors involvement as compared with public servants from the perspective of developing the effective system of corporate governance are identified.

Exergy Analysis of Modern Fossil-Fuel Power Plants

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Horlock ◽  
J. B. Young ◽  
G. Manfrida
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Reversible Process ◽  
Turbine Plant ◽  
Maximum Work ◽  
Gas Turbine Plant ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Fossil Fuel Power Plants ◽  
Ideal Process ◽  
The Ideal

The definition of open cycle rational efficiency is unequivocally based on the ratio of the actual shaft work output from a power plant to the maximum work that could be obtained in a reversible process between prescribed inlet and outlet states. However, different constraints may be applied to such an ideal reversible process, and the maximum work obtainable will then vary, as will the value of the rational efficiency. Attention has been drawn to this issue before in the literature and it is discussed further here. In particular, the consequences of defining the outlet state for the ideal process are critical. A further complication occurs when water or steam is injected into a gas turbine plant. Three definitions of rational efficiency are discussed here and some illustrative calculations presented. There are small but significant differences between the values of the three derived efficiencies. [S0742-4795(00)00101-0]

Developing capital accounting practices in the integrated reporting system of agricultural organizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 906-921
Author(s):  
R.A. Alborov ◽  
S.M. Kontsevaya ◽  
S.V. Kozmenkova
Keyword(s):  
Original Method ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Agricultural Organizations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Agricultural Organization

Subject. This article deals with the theory-and practice-relevant issues of classification and content definition of different types of capital used as sources of operations financing, and recommendations for developing their accounting in agricultural organizations. Objectives. The article aims to substantiate the organizational and methodological aspects of capital accounting development to generate information on value reserve and creation of value as new in the organization's integrated reporting. The article also aims to define the classification and content of capital types as sources of financing for the organization's activities and develop recommendations for developing the accounting of the availability, increase, reduction or transformation of the relevant types of capital in the organization's business activities. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, analogy, and comparison. The scientific works of domestic specialists and regulations, including the International Standard on Integrated Reporting (IR) are the methodological basis of this work. Results. The article defines conceptual provisions and offers practical recommendations on the set-up and development of capital flow accounting in the corporate governance system of the agricultural organization. It clarifies the classification and economic content of capital as a source of funding for the organization's reproduction activities. The article also offers an original method of accounting for the value reserve (balances) and capital changes. Conclusions and Relevance. The practical application of the developed recommendations for value accounting and capital changes will help generate all the necessary information in the integrated reporting of the agricultural organization to assess its reserves of value, create value as new, economic, environmental, and social efficiency of the organization's activities. The results of the study can be used to develop the theory, methodology and techniques of accounting of capital types as sources of financing of value creation as a result of the agricultural organization's business activities.

scholarly journals Limiting role of resource dependence: an examination of director interlocks, board meetings and family ownership

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Sukumara Panicker ◽  
Rajesh Srinivas Upadhyayula
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Resource Provisioning ◽  
Independent Directors ◽  
Family Ownership ◽  
Independent Director ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThis paper attempts to examine the activity and involvement of board of directors in internationalization activities of firms in emerging markets, by evaluating the resource provisioning roles of interlocks provided by board of directors, and the frequency of board meetings. We demonstrate that the effectiveness of board involvement is contingent upon the levels of family ownership in firms since family ownership could impact the firm’s ability to utilize the presence of different types of board members.Design/methodology/approachThe authors test our hypotheses on a sample of listed Indian companies, extracted from the Prowess database published by the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE), a database of the financial performance of Indian companies. On a panel of 3,133 firm years of 605 unique Indian firms with foreign investments, over a time period of 2006–2017, the authors apply different estimation techniques.FindingsThe results demonstrate that both board meeting frequency and director interlocks are instrumental in supporting internationalization activities in emerging market firms. However, family ownership moderates the role of insider and independent interlocks on internationalization investments in different ways; the authors find that interlocks provided by independent directors support internationalization activities in family firms, whereas those provided by insider directors do not. Further, the study also finds that board meetings are less effective in internationalization of family firms.Practical implicationsThe authors conclude that family firms aiming at international diversification require to develop more connected and networked independent directors to enable internationalization in firms. While independent director interlocks enhance the international investments, it is also useful to know that board meetings are ineffective in utilizing the resources in family firms. This points to the possibility that family firms should device mechanisms to integrate family meetings with board meetings so that they can utilize the within-family processes to aid in their internationalization decisions.Originality/valueThe study contributes to resource dependence theory by understanding its limiting role in family firms. Theoretically, it helps delineate the limiting resource provision role of the insider directors vis-à-vis independent directors. The authors argue that the resource provision role of insider director interlocks does not effectively help in internationalization in comparison to independent director interlocks in family-dominated firms. Consequently, the study shows the limiting role of resource provision and utilization by family-owned firms in comparison to non-family-owned firms.

The Home at the core of Modernity, an optimistic architecture

2021 ◽  
pp. 2-3
Author(s):  
Ana Tostões
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Single Family ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Modern Movement

Devoted to the theme of single-family houses, given the key role they played in the ideal definition of the Modern Movement architecture, as a symbolic and functional affirmation of the utopian turning of dreams into reality, the aim of this issue is to consider the transformation of daily life, and to address the architectural challenges that arose from the joy contained in what we might call the “architecture of happiness.” As we continue to endure a pandemic that has now lasted for more than a year, docomomo wishes to declare that “till the moment, the best vaccine to prevent contagion was invented by architects: the house”. Thus, in response to the question “How should we live?”, it is intended to debate the house and the home agenda as an important topic at the core of Modern Movement architecture. Nowadays, the growing emphasis on wellbeing goes beyond the seminal ideas that modern houses were “machines à habiter” and is closer to an idealistic vision of a stimulating shell for humans, which is shaped by imagination, experimentation, efficiency, and knowledge.

scholarly journals Gendering expert work and ideal candidacy in Finnish and Estonian job advertisements

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 544-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jatta Jännäri ◽  
Seppo Poutanen ◽  
Anne Kovalainen
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Doing Gender ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Job Advertisements ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Global Construction ◽  
Managerial Positions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Ideal

Purpose This paper aims to analyse the ways the textual materials of job advertisements do the gendering for prospective expert positions and create a space for ambiquity/non-ambiquity in the gender labelling of this expertise. Expert positions are almost always openly announced and are important to organizations because they often lead to higher managerial positions. By gendering the prospective positions, the job advertisements bring forth repertoires strengthening the gendering of work and gendered expert employee positions. Design/methodology/approach This study draws on qualitative textual and visual data of open job advertisements for expert positions. The materials of the study are gathered from open job advertisements in two countries, i.e. Finland and Estonia with rather similar labour market structures in relation to gender positions but differing as regards their gender equality. Findings The analyses show that the gendering of expert work takes place in the job advertisements by rendering subtly gendered articulations, yet allowing for interpretative repertoires appear. The analysis reveals some differences in the formulations of the advertisements for expert jobs in the two countries. It also shows that in general the requirements for an ideal expert candidate are coated with superlatives that are gendered in rather stereotypical ways, and that the ideal candidates for highly expert jobs are extremely flexible and follows the ideal of an adaptable and plastic employee, willing to work their utmost. This paper contributes to the “doing gender” literature by adding an analysis of the textual gendering of ideal candidates for positions of expertise. Research limitations/implications The research materials do not expose all the issues pertinent to questions of the ideal gendered candidate. For instance, questions of ethnicity in relation to the definition of the ideal candidate cannot be studied with the data used for this study. Being an exploratory study, the results do not aim for generalizable results concerning job advertisements for expert positions. Originality/value This paper contributes to the “doing gender” and “gendering” literature by addressing the question of how and in what ways gender is defined and done for an expert positions prior the candidates are chosen to those jobs. It also offers new insights into the global construction of gendered expert jobs advertisements by addressing the topic with data from two countries. It further contributes to understanding the gendered shaping of expertise in the management literature.

Designing the Ideal Process Analyser—Or at Least Making the Attempt (Continued)

NIR news ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Coates ◽  
Perkin-Elmer
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Process ◽  
The Ideal
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