Usefulness of class A Pan coefficient models for computation of reference evapotranspiration for a semi-arid region

The reliability of estimates of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) using pan evaporation (Epan) depends on the accurate determination of pan coefficients (Kpan). Six ET0 models were evaluated for their usefulness using 33-year climatological dataset of a semi-arid region of the Gujarat state of India. The equations compared include Cuenca (1989), Allen and Pruitt (1991), Snyder (1992), Modified Snyder (Grismer et al., 2002), Orang (1998), and Pereira et al. (1995). The ET0 data, calculated using daily Kpan values from these equations, were compared to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)-Penman-Monteith (FAO56-PM) method as a reference. Based on the visual comparison as well as from the statistical criteria, ET0 values computed using Modified Snyder and Orang model have very close agreement with the FAO56-PM method for daily, monthly, and annual estimates as compared to other approaches. The sequential performances of the explored models was found as: Modified Snyder (Eqn. 5) > Orang (Eqn. 6) > Cuenca Eqn. (2) > Allen & Pruitt (Eqn. 3) > Snyder (Eqn. 4) > Pereira et al. (Eqn. 7) model. Therefore, the Modified Snyder model (Grismer et al., 2002) could be recommended as the best model for ET0 computations under these prevailing climatic conditions for a semi arid region.

Ensuring food security of indigenous peoples in Latin America by the UN food and agricultural organization (FAO)

The activities of the United Nations in the 21st century, as in the earlier period, are undoubtedly devoted to protection and promotion of human rights. It promotes the realization of fundamental human rights through specialized agencies in various fields taking in account concerns and needs of vulnerable groups of population, in particular indigenous peoples. The World Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), in its turn, develops policies and implements strategies and programs to guarantee food security and the right to food to aboriginal people around the world, including in Latin America.

Forecasting the Financial Results of an Agricultural Organization, Taking into Account State Financial Support

Currently, the relevance of the effective use of state support for agricultural enterprises is considered both from the position of increasing the volume of agricultural production, and the impact of this support on the financial results of the company. The paper analyzes the production indicators of an agricultural organization, the dynamics of financial support for agricultural production, suggests approaches to forecasting financial indicators and developing a financial strategy for the enterprise.

Effect of hop growing technology on the accounting system in the agricultural entity

With the beginning of market relations, Russian hop-growing practically ceased to function due to the lack of purchases from the side of brewing companies. But the government policy of import substitution, pursued in recent years, has given a certain impetus to the revival of this industry. The purpose of this study is to describe the agrobiological and technological features of hop growing and their impact on the accounting process in an agricultural organization. To reveal the main scientific provisions, such general scientific techniques and methods were used as observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis, operation research, etc. Hops as a perennial crop require large capital and current expenditures. When carrying out agrotechnical measures related to the cultivation of hops, it becomes necessary to group costs in a certain system. The study shows that in the international and Russian scientific community, the issue of cost formation and accounting is considered within the framework of crop production in general. The article reveals the main stages of the formation of costs in hop-growing with an indication of accounting objects. Separately, innovations in the regulatory framework for accounting for non-current assets in connection with the reform of the national accounting system are touched upon.

Brief analysis of indicators of energy resources provision of agricultural organizations of the Republic of Belarus

A number of important points and indicators characterizing the current state and potential of the Belarusian agricultural production are considered. It has been established that over the past decade in the agricultural organizations of the republic there was a decrease in the energy supply indicator by 15 %, and the power supply to labor during this time increased by more than 1.4 times. The overall efficiency of agricultural and livestock production, the level of labor productivity in an agricultural organization, the availability of energy capacities has a very significant and often decisive impact.

Brief analysis of indicators of energy resources provision of agricultural organizations of the Republic of Belarus

A number of important points and indicators characterizing the current state and potential of the Belarusian agricultural production are considered. It has been established that over the past decade in the agricultural organizations of the republic there was a decrease in the energy supply indicator by 15 %, and the power supply to labor during this time increased by more than 1.4 times. The overall efficiency of agricultural and livestock production, the level of labor productivity in an agricultural organization, the availability of energy capacities has a very significant and often decisive impact.

MSA, The French Agricultural Social Protection scheme

As the second largest social protection scheme in France, the Agricultural Social Mutuality (fr. Mutualité sociale agricole, MSA) is responsible for providing all compulsory social security coverage for the entire agricultural population and its beneficiaries, whether it concerns health, family, retirement, work-related accidents or occupational diseases. The MSA is responsible for collecting social security premiums and contributions, but also unemployment insurance and conventional contributions for many organizations1. It differs from other French social security schemes in that it provides a one-stop shop for individuals and companies to deal with a single contact person for all matters relating to their social protection throughout their lives. In addition to its basic mission, it carries out a policy of health and social action adapted to its population and is also in charge of occupational medicine and the prevention of professional risks in the agricultural sector. It can support all actions aiming to promote the coordination and the offer of care in rural areas2. As a mutualistic organization, the MSA is the expression of a responsible and supportive democracy at the service and in proximity of the rural world. The representativeness of its elected delegates, its knowledge of the territories and their stakeholders, and its role as a professional agricultural organization give it an indispensable expertise that allows it to work for the cohesion of the territories while guaranteeing access to quality public services. This expertise also enables it to be present abroad as part of formalized exchanges in European networks and international cooperation projects.

Navigating self-managed conflict resolution: A case study

This study examines how an organization-wide self-managed interpersonal conflict resolution system is experienced from the point of view of permanent and seasonal employees. Twenty semi-structured interviews and observations at a single agricultural organization were used to assess the alternative dispute resolution (ADR) system. Employee reports were coded by determining if the conflict was owing to processes, relationships, or tasks problems, as well as determining if each conflict was resolved with accommodating, aggressive, avoidant, or collaborative resolution tactics. Interestingly, it was the permanent employees who initiated a majority of conflict resolution processes. Furthermore, only permanent employees opted to utilize aggressive tactics, usually by demanding that their colleagues quit the job at the organization. The findings indicate the importance of ADR training in order to develop confidence among seasonal employees to initiate resolution processes as well as the importance of teaching resolution tactics as a means of reducing employee termination.

Leaching Estimation for Paddy Crop using IoT and Machine Learning

Soil salinity is a major issue in farming faced by many farmers across the globe. So it is very much important to identify the salinity level of the soil. Internet of Things (IoT) assisted solution is proposed to determine Electric Conductivity, temperature, and Moisture level at the root zone of the crop field. Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML), based leaching water requirements estimation for saline soils is made using the onsite monitoring of the salinity level and crop field temperature and crop growth stage. Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) proposed method of leaching requirement is implemented for efficient leaching water estimation. These parameters are used to train and test the Machine learning model to predict the leaching requirement. The performance of machine learning is measured in terms of accuracy.