scholarly journals What is most appropriate number of repetitions of the sit-to-stand test in older adults: a reliability study

2020 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Maria Tsekoura ◽  
Konstantinos Anastasopoulos ◽  
Alexandros Kastrinis ◽  
Zacharias Dimitriadis
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Reliability Study ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

he most frequently employed versions of the sit-to-stand test (STST) are the 5 times STSΤ and the 30 seconds STST. However, it is not known whether a variation with different number of repetitions or time could be more appropriate for older adults. The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability of STST at different time points and number of repetitions. The test was performed in 33 older adults (73±6.1 years) for 40 seconds. The participants performed the procedure twice with a day interval between the sessions. The test was video-taped and the data were processed by two examiners. The highest test-retest reliability was found for the 4th (ICC=0.73, SEM=1.48, SDD=1.68), 5th (ICC=0.76, SEM=1.73, SDD=1.97) and 6th repetition (ICC=0.78, SEM=1.78, SDD=2.03). The inter-rater reliability was excellent independently of the number of trials (ICC>0.9). The correlation of the time at the 4th and 6th repetition with the time at the traditionally selected 5th repetition was excellent (r>0.9). The termination of the STST at the 4th repetition seems to provide equally reliable and valid estimations with the termination at the 5th repetition. Future studies should examine a 4 times STST since the reduction of the number of repetitions may be less tiring and safer for older adults.

scholarly journals The Automatic Assessment of Strength and Mobility in Older Adults: A Test-Retest Reliability Study

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Collado-Mateo ◽  
Pedro Madeira ◽  
Francisco J. Dominguez-Muñoz ◽  
Santos Villafaina ◽  
Pablo Tomas-Carus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Chair Stand ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Chair Stand Test ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Background: Simple field tests such as the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and 30 s Chair Stand test are commonly used to evaluate physical function in the elderly, providing crude outcome measures. Using an automatic chronometer, it is possible to obtain additional kinematic parameters that may lead to obtaining extra information and drawing further conclusions. However, there is a lack of studies that evaluate the test-retest reliability of these parameters, which may help to judge and interpret changes caused by an intervention or differences between populations. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and 30 s Chair Stand test in healthy older adults. Methods: A total of 99 healthy older adults participated in this cross-sectional study. The TUG and the 30 s Chair Stand test were performed five times and twice, respectively, using an automatic chronometer. The sit-to-stand-to-sit cycle from the 30 s Chair Stand test was divided into two phases. Results: Overall, reliability for the 30 s Chair Stand test was good for almost each variable (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) >0.70). Furthermore, the use of an automatic chronometer improved the reliability for the TUG (ICC >0.86 for a manual chronometer and ICC >0.88 for an automatic chronometer). Conclusions: The TUG and the 30 s Chair Stand test are reliable in older adults. The use of an automatic chronometer in the TUG is strongly recommended as it increased the reliability of the test. This device enables researchers to obtain relevant and reliable data from the 30 s Chair Stand test, such as the duration of the sit-to-stand-to-sit cycles and phases.

scholarly journals 06 Development of Indexes Derived from Lower Trunk Angular Velocity During Modify Sit-to-Stand Test in the Community Elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv1-iv2
Author(s):  
Koyama Shota ◽  
Asai Tsuyoshi ◽  
Oshima Kensuke ◽  
Fukumoto Yoshihiro ◽  
Kubo Hiroki
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Gyro Sensor ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background The sit-to-stand test (STS) is a representative motor test. In most of STS, the time taken to complete the test was used as its score, and its quality of motion has not been focused. In the present study, we measured the lower trunk angular velocity using gyro sensor during STS and computed the angular velocity-based indices (AV-index). We investigated its test-retest reliability and concurrent validity. Method Seventy-eight older people in community-dwelling were participated. Basic-health-related-information and the previous one-year fall-history were obtained by a questionnaire. As motor-function tests, One Leg Standing test (OLS), 3 minutes walking test (3MWT), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) were performed. Additionally, Modify Five-Times-STS was performed twice, the lower trunk angular velocity during the tests were measured using gyro sensor. From the obtained-signal waveforms in the sagittal plane (SP), root mean square (RMS) and coefficient of auto correlation (AC), the mean impact at sitting timing (STS impact) in Modify Five-Times-STS were computed. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated for the test-retest reliability of the AV-indices. The coefficients of Pearson’s correlation were computed between AV-indices and the Five-Times-STS score, and scores of motor-function tests. Result The ICC of STS impact and RMS in SP were 0.85. The ICC of the other AV-index were lower than 0.5. The RMS in SP was significantly associated with OLS (r = 0.24), and 3MWT (r = 0.36), TUG (r = −0.32). Additionally, the STS impact was significantly associated with 3MWT (r = 0.54). Conclusions The test-retest reliability of two AV-index (STS impact and RMS in SP) is good. The concurrent validity of AV-index is partly confirmed.

scholarly journals Test-Retest Reliability of Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Laura Muñoz-Bermejo ◽  
José Carmelo Adsuar ◽  
María Mendoza-Muñoz ◽  
Sabina Barrios-Fernández ◽  
Miguel A. Garcia-Gordillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Functional independence in adults is conditioned by lower limb muscle strength. Thus, it seems important to assess lower limb strength using reliable and easy to reproduce measurements. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to collect studies that examined the test-retest reliability of the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) in adults. The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, including all studies published up to 28 December 2020. To be included, studies had to include relative reliability scores (ICC) and maximum torque or standard error of measurements (SEM) of FTSST. A total of 693 studies were initially identified, but only 8 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis, covering a total of 14 groups with 400 participants. Relative inter-rater reliability results (ICC = 0.937, p < 0.001, n = 400) revealed excellent reliability of FTSST to assess sitting and standing performance, lower limbs strength and balance control. Conclusion: The Five Times Sit to Stand Test is a highly reliable tool for assessing lower limbs strength, balance control, and mobility in both healthy adults and those with pathologies.

The Present Behavioural Examination (PBE): the development of an interview to measure current behavioural abnormalities

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Hope ◽  
Christopher G. Fairburn
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Reliability Study ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

SYNOPSISBehavioural problems are an important feature of dementia and other neuropsychiatric conditions. This paper describes the development and performance of an investigator-based interview (the PBE) for the detailed assessment of the behaviour of subjects over the preceding four weeks. The interview is designed to be administered to carers.A test–retest reliability study was carried out on the penultimate edition of this interview; and the inter-rater reliability of the final edition was measured. These studies show that the reliability of the PBE is comparable with that of other investigator-based interviews.

scholarly journals Challenges associated with physical assessments for people living with dementia: Modifying standard assessment protocols

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212091035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaynor Parfitt ◽  
Dannielle Post ◽  
Alison Penington ◽  
Kade Davison ◽  
Megan Corlis
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Residential Aged Care ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Minute Walk

Objectives: Regular physical activity for older adults as they age is important for maintaining not only physical function but also independence and self-worth. To be able to monitor changes in physical function, appropriate validated measures are required. Reliability of measures such as the timed-up-and-go, five-repetition sit-to-stand, handgrip strength, two-minute walk, 30-second sit-to-stand, and four-metre walk has been demonstrated; however, the appropriateness of such measures in a population of adults living with dementia, who may be unable to follow instructions or have diminished physical capacity, is not as well quantified. This study sought to test modified standard protocols for these measures. Methods: Modification to the standard protocols of the timed-up-and-go, five-repetition sit-to-stand, handgrip strength, two-minute walk, 30-second sit-to-stand, and four-metre walk was trialled. This occurred through modification of procedural components of the assessment, such as encouraging participants to use their hands to raise themselves from a seated position, or the incorporation of staged verbal cueing, demonstration, or physical guidance where required. The test–retest reliability of the modified protocols was assessed using Pearson’s correlation, and performance variances were assessed using the %coefficient of variation. Intraclass correlations were included for comparisons to previous research and to examine measurement consistency within three trials. Results: At least 64% of the population were able to complete all measures. Good test–retest reliability was indicated for the modified measures (timed-up-and-go = 0.87; five-repetition sit-to-stand = 0.75; handgrip strength = 0.94; two-minute walk = 0.87; the 30-second sit-to-stand = 0.93; and the four-metre walk = 0.83), and the %coefficient of variation (7.2%–14.8%) and intraclass correlation (0.77–0.98) were acceptable to good. Conclusion: This article describes the methodology of the modified assessments, presents the test–retest statistics, and reports how modification of the current protocols for common measures of physical function enabled more older adults living with dementia in a residential aged care facility to participate in assessments, with high reliability demonstrated for the measures.

scholarly journals Reference values and validation of the 1-min sit-to-stand test in healthy 5- to 16-year-old youth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R Haile ◽  
Thea Fühner ◽  
Urs Granacher ◽  
Julien Stocker ◽  
Thomas Radtke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Learning Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

AbstractObjectivesIt is essential to have simple, reliable and valid tests to measure children’s functional capacity in schools or medical practice. The 1-min sit-to-stand test (STS) is a quick fitness test requiring little equipment or space that is increasingly used in both healthy populations and those with chronic disease. We aimed to provide age and sex-specific reference values of STS in healthy children and adolescents and to evaluate its short-term reliability and construct validity.Design, setting and participantsCross-sectional random sample from 6 public schools and 1 science fair in central Europe. Overall, 587 healthy participants aged 5-16 years were recruited and divided into age groups of 3 years each.Outcomes1-minute STS. To evaluate short-term reliability, some children performed the STS twice. To evaluate construct validity, some children also performed a standing long jump (SLJ) and a maximal incremental exercise test.ResultsData from 547 5-16 year old youth were finally included in the analyses. The median number of repetitions in 1 minute in males (females) ranged from 55 [95% CI 38 to 72] (53 [35 to 76]) in 14-16 year-olds to 59 [41 to 77] (60 [38 to 77]) in 8-10 year-olds. Children who repeated STS showed a learning effect of on average 4.8 repetitions more than the first test (95% limits of agreement −6.7 to 16.4). Moderate correlations were observed between the STS and the SLJ (r = 0.48) and the maximal exercise test (r = 0.43).ConclusionsThe reported STS reference values can be used to interpret STS test performance in children and adolescents. The STS appears to have good test-retest reliability, but a learning effect of about 10%. The association of STS with other measures of physical fitness should be further explored in a larger study and technical standards for its conduct are needed.Strengths and Limitations of this StudyLarge sample size (N = 547)Reference values according to sex and age group (5-7, 8-10, 11-13 and 14-16)Evaluation of test-retest reliability and construct validityConvenience not population-based sampleNot all outcomes have been measured on each participant

Test–retest reliability of sensor-based sit-to-stand measures in young and older adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ruben H. Regterschot ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Heribert Baldus ◽  
Martin Stevens ◽  
Wiebren Zijlstra
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Test Retest Reliability
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