scholarly journals Linking niche number, environmental filter, conditional neutrality and space size to understand species richness through environmental gradient per unit space

Authorea ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingshi Zhou ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
Zong Cheng Ma ◽  
Long Tang
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Environmental Filter ◽  
Space Size ◽  
Unit Space

scholarly journals Diversity and associations between coastal habitats and anurans in southernmost Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAURO C.L.M. OLIVEIRA ◽  
MAURICIO B. DOS SANTOS ◽  
DANIEL LOEBMANN ◽  
ALEXANDRE HARTMAN ◽  
ALEXANDRO M. TOZETTI
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Thermal Variation ◽  
Environmental Filter ◽  
Anuran Species ◽  
Drift Fence ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to verify the relationship between habitat and the composition of anuran species in dune and restinga habitats in southernmost Brazil. The habitats were sampled between April 2009 and March 2010 using pitfalls with drift fence. We have captured 13,508 individuals of 12 anuran species. Species richness was lower in the dunes and dominance was higher in the resting. Apparently the less complex plant cover, water availability, and wide daily thermal variation in dunes act as an environmental filter for frogs. This hypothesis is reinforced by the fact that the most abundant species (Physalaemus biligonigerus and Odonthoprynus maisuma) bury themselves in the sand, minimizing these environmental stresses. Despite being in the Pampa biome, the studied community was more similar to those of coastal restinga environment of southeast Brazil than with other of the Pampa biome. The number of recorded species is similar to those observed in other open habitats in Brazil, showing the importance of adjacent ones to the shoreline for the maintenance of the diversity of anurans in southernmost Brazil.

scholarly journals Productivity and species richness across an environmental gradient in a fire-dependent ecosystem

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 2119-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Katherine Kirkman ◽  
Robert J. Mitchell ◽  
R. Carol Helton ◽  
Mark B. Drew
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Gradient

Species richness and abundance of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete sporocarps on a moisture gradient in the Tsuga heterophylla zone

2000 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
pp. 1699-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E O'Dell ◽  
Joseph F Ammirati ◽  
Edward G Schreiner
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
National Park ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Olympic National Park ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

Sporocarps of epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungi and vegetation data were collected from eight Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. - Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco stands along a wet to dry gradient in Olympic National Park, Washington, U.S.A. One hundred and fifty species of ectomycorrhizal fungi were collected from a total sample area of 2.08 ha. Over 2 years, fungal species richness ranged from 19 to 67 taxa per stand. Sporocarp standing crop ranged from 0 to 3.8 kg/ha, averaging 0.58 kg/ha, 0.06 kg/ha in spring and 0.97 kg/ha in fall. Sporocarp standing crop and fungal species richness were correlated with precipitation. These results demonstrated that ectomycorrhizal fungal sporocarp abundance and species richness can be partly explained in terms of an environmental gradient.

scholarly journals The effect of environmental heterogeneity on species richness depends on community position along the environmental gradient

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Yang ◽  
Xueqi Liu ◽  
Mohua Zhou ◽  
Dexiecuo Ai ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity

Impacts of trails on cliff-edge forest structure

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pampang Parikesit ◽  
Douglas W. Larson ◽  
Uta Matthes-Sears
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Plant Community Structure ◽  
Niagara Escarpment

Plant community structure and soil characteristics were quantitatively studied along forested cliff edges of the Niagara Escarpment in southern Ontario, Canada. The objective of the study was to try to differentiate between the effects of two gradients on vegetation structure: the environmental gradient between the cliff edge and dense forest, and an anthropogenic gradient, generated by the presence of major hiking trails parallel to the cliff edges. Species frequencies were determined along 69 transects distributed over eight sites with different amounts of past and present trampling disturbance. The data were analyzed using cluster and ordination analysis as well as analyses of variance. The results showed that soil characteristics were the major influence organizing the vegetation of cliff-edge forests and that soil properties and plant community structure were more strongly influenced by anthropogenic factors than by the environmental gradient between cliff edge and forest. Trampled plots had some properties in common with cliff-edge plots. Species richness was highest at intermediate trail-use levels; abandonment of heavily disturbed trails resulted in the restoration of species richness, but most new colonizing plants were disturbance-tolerant ruderals. Soil properties did not completely recover even after 10 years of trail abandonment. The results suggest that the current use of cliff edges along the Niagara Escarpment is nonsustainable, and reversing its effects on cliff-edge forest structure may take a considerable amount of time. Key words: Niagara Escarpment, plant community ecology, disturbance, trampling, cluster analysis, ordination.

Environmental effects on species richness of macrophytes in Slovak streams

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1030-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hrivnák ◽  
Helena Oťheľová ◽  
Dušan Gömöry ◽  
Milan Valachovič ◽  
Peter Paľove-Balang
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Filamentous Algae ◽  
Natural Land ◽  
Rhynchostegium Riparioides

AbstractThe effect of 19 environmental variables on species richness of macrophytes was studied in 39 Slovak streams. The studied streams were poor in species; in total, 88 macrophyte taxa were found and the average number of macrophytes per sampling site was 4, ranging from 0 to15. The most frequently occurring macrophytes were filamentous algae (occurrence at 38.6% of sampling sites), followed by Rhynchostegium riparioides (28.4%) and Phalaris arundinacea (19.3%). The strongest environmental gradient in the sampling site detected by factor analysis (factor 1 explains more than 32% variability) is related to the portion of artificial banks, shading by woody vegetation along banks, flexuosity of stream course and the portion of natural land cover in the contact zone of the stream, and can be interpreted as a natural-anthropogenic gradient. The following variables had the highest correlations with species richness of macrophytes: shading by woody vegetation (r=−0.507), portions of artificial bank (r=0.488), flexuosity (r=−0.457) and distance from stream source (r=0.388).

scholarly journals Species packing and the latitudinal gradient in beta-diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1948) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Cao ◽  
Richard Condit ◽  
Xiangcheng Mi ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Haibao Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Gamma Diversity ◽  
Species Packing ◽  
High Gamma ◽  
Species Richness Gradient

The decline in species richness at higher latitudes is among the most fundamental patterns in ecology. Whether changes in species composition across space (beta-diversity) contribute to this gradient of overall species richness (gamma-diversity) remains hotly debated. Previous studies that failed to resolve the issue suffered from a well-known tendency for small samples in areas with high gamma-diversity to have inflated measures of beta-diversity. Here, we provide a novel analytical test, using beta-diversity metrics that correct the gamma-diversity and sampling biases, to compare beta-diversity and species packing across a latitudinal gradient in tree species richness of 21 large forest plots along a large environmental gradient in East Asia. We demonstrate that after accounting for topography and correcting the gamma-diversity bias, tropical forests still have higher beta-diversity than temperate analogues. This suggests that beta-diversity contributes to the latitudinal species richness gradient as a component of gamma-diversity. Moreover, both niche specialization and niche marginality (a measure of niche spacing along an environmental gradient) also increase towards the equator, after controlling for the effect of topographical heterogeneity. This supports the joint importance of tighter species packing and larger niche space in tropical forests while also demonstrating the importance of local processes in controlling beta-diversity.

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