Cisplatin under oriented external electric fields: a deeper insight into electrochemotherapy at the molecular level

Abstract Background Noni (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) is a tropical tree that bears climacteric fruit. Previous observations and research have shown that the second day (2 d) after harvest is the most important demarcation point when the fruit has the same appearance as the freshly picked fruit (0 d); however, they are beginning to become water spot appearance. We performed a conjoint analysis of metabolome and transcriptome data for noni fruit of 0 d and 2 d to reveal what happened to the fruit at the molecular level. Genes and metabolites were annotated to KEGG pathways and the co-annotated KEGG pathways were used as a statistical analysis. Results We found 25 pathways that were significantly altered at both metabolic and transcriptional levels, including a total of 285 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 11 differential metabolites through an integrative analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics. The energy metabolism and pathways originating from phenylalanine were disturbed the most. The upregulated resistance metabolites and genes implied the increase of resistance and energy consumption in the postharvest noni fruit. Most genes involved in glycolysis were downregulated, further limiting the available energy. This lack of energy led noni fruit to water spot appearance, a prelude to softening. The metabolites and genes related to the resistance and energy interacted and restricted each other to keep noni fruit seemingly hard within two days after harvest, but actually the softening was already unstoppable. Conclusions This study provides a new insight into the relationship between the metabolites and genes of noni fruit, as well as a foundation for further clarification of the post-ripening mechanism in noni fruit.

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Emulsions in external electric fields

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science ◽

10.1016/j.cis.2021.102455 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102455

Author(s):

Johan Sjöblom ◽

Sameer Mhatre ◽

Sébastien Simon ◽

Roar Skartlien ◽

Geir Sørland

Keyword(s):

Electric Fields ◽

External Electric Fields

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Hydrogen and Halogen Bonding in Homogeneous External Electric Fields: Modulating the Bond Strengths

Chemistry - A European Journal ◽

10.1002/chem.202102284 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Li Chen ◽

Jingshuang Dang ◽

Juan Du ◽

Changwei Wang ◽

Yirong Mo

Keyword(s):

Electric Fields ◽

Halogen Bonding ◽

External Electric Fields ◽

Bond Strengths

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Vacancy tuned thermoelectric properties and high spin filtering performance in graphene/silicene heterostructures

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94842-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zainab Gholami ◽

Farhad Khoeini

Keyword(s):

Electric Fields ◽

High Spin ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Practical Applications ◽

External Electric Fields ◽

Ferromagnetic Exchange ◽

High Spin Polarization ◽

Filtering Effect ◽

Spin Switching ◽

Spin Filtering

AbstractThe main contribution of this paper is to study the spin caloritronic effects in defected graphene/silicene nanoribbon (GSNR) junctions. Each step-like GSNR is subjected to the ferromagnetic exchange and local external electric fields, and their responses are determined using the nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) approach. To further study the thermoelectric (TE) properties of the GSNRs, three defect arrangements of divacancies (DVs) are also considered for a larger system, and their responses are re-evaluated. The results demonstrate that the defected GSNRs with the DVs can provide an almost perfect thermal spin filtering effect (SFE), and spin switching. A negative differential thermoelectric resistance (NDTR) effect and high spin polarization efficiency (SPE) larger than 99.99% are obtained. The system with the DV defects can show a large spin-dependent Seebeck coefficient, equal to Ss ⁓ 1.2 mV/K, which is relatively large and acceptable. Appropriate thermal and electronic properties of the GSNRs can also be obtained by tuning up the DV orientation in the device region. Accordingly, the step-like GSNRs can be employed to produce high efficiency spin caloritronic devices with various features in practical applications.

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