scholarly journals Contrasting demographic histories revealed in two invasive populations of the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Skrede ◽  
Claude Murat ◽  
Jaqueline Hess ◽  
sundy Maurice ◽  
Jørn Henrik Sønstebø ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
European Population ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Genomic Analyses ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans

Globalization and international trade have impacted organisms around the world leading to a considerable number of species establishing in new geographic areas. Many organisms have taken advantage of human-made environments, including buildings. One such species is the dry rot fungus Serpula lacrymans, which is the most aggressive wood-decay fungus in indoor environments in temperate regions. By using population genomic analyses of 36 full genome sequenced isolates, we revealed that isolates from Europe and Japan are highly divergent and that these populations split 3,000 - 19,000 generations ago, probably predating human influence. Approximately 250 generations ago, the European population went through a tight bottleneck, likely corresponding to the time it colonized the built environment. Moreover, evidence of admixture between European and Japanese populations was shown in an isolate from New Zealand. Genomic analyses revealed that low differentiation appeared in genes with functions related to of growth and intracellular transport, possibly important to its ability to effectively decay large substrates. These functions may have enabled both populations to independently establish in the human-made environment. Further, selective sweep analyses identified rapid changes in genes possibly related to decay of various substrates in Japan and in genes involved DNA replication and protein modification in Europe. These two fungal populations were preadapted to the built environment, but have more recently and independently adapted to their local environment.

The effect of CaCl2 on growth rate, wood decay and oxalic acid accumulation in Serpula lacrymans and related brown-rot fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Christine Steenkjær Hastrup ◽  
Bo Jensen ◽  
Carol Clausen ◽  
Frederick Green III
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans ◽  
Block Test

AbstractThe dry rot fungus,Serpula lacrymans, is one of the most destructive copper-tolerant fungi causing timber decay in buildings in temperate regions. Calcium and oxalic acid have been shown to play important roles in the mechanism of wood decay. The effect of calcium on growth and decay was evaluated for 12 strains ofS. lacrymansand compared to five brown-rot fungi. This was done by treating copper citrate (CC)-treated Southern yellow pine (SYP) wood with a CaCl2solution and estimating the decay rate and amount of soluble oxalic acid in an ASTM soil block test. Decay byS. lacrymanswas found to be significantly inhibited by treatment with CaCl2in the presence of copper. In addition, calcium showed no effect on two strains ofS. lacrymansand oneSerpula himantioidesstrain in non-copper-treated SYP wood blocks. The growth rate ofS. lacrymanswas not affected on malt extract agar containing CaCl2. In summary, a marked decrease was observed in the decay capacity ofS. lacrymansin pine treated with CC+CaCl2. The amount of soluble oxalic acid was measured in CC-treated blocks and blocks also treated with CaCl2. Of the comparative brown-rot fungi, bothAntrodia vaillantii(TFFH 294) andPostia placenta(Mad 698) displayed notable wood decay despite CaCl2treatment, while the remaining strains were inhibited.

Treatment of Timber by Nanofiber Fabric with Biocide Compound

2014 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 154-157
Author(s):  
Zuzana Rácová ◽  
Petra Hrochová ◽  
Pavla Ryparová
Keyword(s):  
Dry Rot ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Fungus Growth

Dry rot fungus (Serpula lacrymans) is wood-decaying fungus. It grows frequently in our territory and it causes big damages on structures. Remediation of damaged structures is very difficult, sometimes impossible, therefore it is necessary to study preventive protection against dry rot fungus. PVA nanofibred fabrics with synthetic and natural biocidal additives were used for this experiment. Filter papers soaked in dopes with biocidal substances were other materials used for this experiment. Pieces of nanofiber fabrics and pieces of filter papers soaked in dopes were placed to Petri dishes with broth. Small cuts of dry rot fungus were placed around them. This experiment was performed in conditions, which promote the growth of dry rot fungus. Growth of dry rot fungus was studied.

Anomalous Diffusion in Active Intracellular Transport

2000 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Caspi ◽  
Rony Granek ◽  
Michael Elbaum
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Optical Trap ◽  
Polymer System ◽  
Mean Square Displacement ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Einstein Relation ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe dynamic movements of tracer particles have been used to characterize their local environment in dilute networks of microtubules, and within living cells. In the former case, 300 nm diameter beads are fixed to individual microtubules, so that the movements of the bead reveal undulatory modes of the polymer. The mean square displacement shows a scaling of t3/4 in keeping with mode analysis arguments. Inside a cell, beads show a more complicated behavior that reflects internal dynamics of the cytoskeleton and associated motors.When placed near the cell edge, 3 micron diameter beads coated by proteins that mediate membrane adhesion are engulfed underneath the membrane and drawn toward the center by a contracting flow of actin. On reaching the region surrounding the nucleus, the beads continue to move but lose directionality, so that they wander within a restricted space. Measurement of the mean square displacement now shows a scaling of t1 up to times of ~1 sec. At longer times the scaling varies between t and t1/2 in the various runs. The data do not fit a crossover between ballistic (t2)and diffusive (t1) behavior. The movement is clearly driven by non-thermal interactions, as it cannot be stopped by an optical trap. Treatment of the cell to depolymerize microtubules restores ordinary diffusion, while actin depolymerization has no effect, indicating that microtubule-based motor proteins are responsible for the motion. Immunofluorescence microscopy shows that the mesh size of the microtubules is smaller than the bead diameter.We propose that the observations are related, and that the non-trivial scaling in the polymer system leads to time-dependent friction in a network, which in turn leads to a generalized Einstein relation operative in the intracellular environment. This results, in the driven system, in sub-ballistic motion at short times and sub-diffusive motion at longer times.

Differentiation of indoor wood decay fungi with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry

Holzforschung ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Schmidt ◽  
Wibke Kallow
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Maldi Tof Ms ◽  
Maldi Tof Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract MALDI-TOF MS differentiated mycelia within pairs each of the closely related indoor wood decay fungi Serpula lacrymans, S. himantioides, Coniophoraputena, C. marmorata, and Antrodia vaillantii, A. sinuosa. The method is thus suitable to identify unknown samples by spectrum comparison.

Extremely low AFLP variation in the European dry rot fungus (Serpula lacrymans): implications for self/nonself-recognition

2004 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1264-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håvard Kauserud ◽  
Olaf Schmidt ◽  
Malin Elfstrand ◽  
Nils Högberg
Keyword(s):  
Dry Rot ◽  
Nonself Recognition ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans

scholarly journals What Have We Learned about the Microbiomes of Indoor Environments?

mSystems ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Human Health ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Advanced Knowledge ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACT The advent and application of high-throughput molecular techniques for analyzing microbial communities in the indoor environment have led to illuminating findings and are beginning to change the way we think about human health in relation to the built environment. Here I review recent studies on the microbiology of the built environment, organize their findings into 12 major thematic categories, and comment on how these studies have or have not advanced knowledge in each area beyond what we already knew from over 100 years of applying culture-based methods to building samples. The advent and application of high-throughput molecular techniques for analyzing microbial communities in the indoor environment have led to illuminating findings and are beginning to change the way we think about human health in relation to the built environment. Here I review recent studies on the microbiology of the built environment, organize their findings into 12 major thematic categories, and comment on how these studies have or have not advanced knowledge in each area beyond what we already knew from over 100 years of applying culture-based methods to building samples. I propose that while we have added tremendous complexity to the rich existing knowledge base, the practical implications of this added complexity remain somewhat elusive. It remains to be seen how this new knowledge base will change how we design, build, and operate buildings. Much more research is needed to better understand the complexity with which indoor microbiomes may affect human health in both positive and negative ways.

scholarly journals Measuring emotional and neurophysiological responses to the scale of the built environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Simone Bower ◽  
Gillian M Clark ◽  
Richard Tucker ◽  
Jarrad Lum ◽  
Michael Mortimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Emotion Understanding ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Power Spectral

There is currently no robust method to evaluate how building design affects our emotion. Understanding emotion is significant, as it influences cognitive processes, behaviour and wellbeing, and is linked to the functioning of physiological systems. As mental health problems are more prevalent, and exposure to indoor environments is increasing, it is important we develop rigorous methods to understand whether design elements in our environment affect emotion. Using virtual reality and controlling for indoor environmental quality, 66 participants were exposed to different enclosed indoor room scenes, to understand if scale affected self-report, autonomic nervous system and central nervous system correlates of emotion. Scale did not modulate neurophysiological measures or self-reported emotion, but there were differences between resting state and built environment conditions in autonomic measures, power spectral density and frontal power lateralisation. This study provides a rigorous empirical framework for assessing the environmental impact of a design characteristic on human emotion.

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