Credibility via Coupling

This study investigates Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs) as one example of a coordinated approach to establishing scientific credibility. MIPs originated within climate science as a method to evaluate and compare disparate climate models, but MIPs or MIP-like projects are now spreading to many scientific fields. Within climate science, MIPs have advanced knowledge of: a) the climate phenomena being modeled, and b) the building of climate models themselves. MIPs thus build scientific confidence in the climate modeling enterprise writ large, reducing questions of the credibility or reproducibility of any single model. This paper will discuss how MIPs organize people, models, and data through institution and infrastructure coupling (IIC). IIC involves establishing mechanisms and technologies for collecting, distributing, and comparing data and models (infrastructural work), alongside corresponding governance structures, rules of participation, and collaboration mechanisms that enable partners around the world to work together effectively (institutional work). Coupling these efforts involves developing formal and informal ways to standardize data and metadata, create common vocabularies, provide uniform tools and methods for evaluating resulting data, and build community around shared research topics.

Peningkatan Jiwa Entrepreneur Karang Taruna Melalui Penyuluhan Diversifikasi Olahan Jamur Tiram

Karang Taruna Sukokerto Pajarakan Village Probolinggo Business skills owned by youth Karang Taruna Sukokerto Village Pajarakan District is still relatively limited, because it has never obtained assistance from competent parties in the field of entrepreneurship. In fact, when viewed from their relatively productive age, they have the potential to develop in creative entrepreneurial activities according to young souls for cadet corals. Karang Taruna organization that participated in this activity amounted to 20 people. The purpose of community service carried out by lecturers of Panca Marga Probolinggo University is to improve the soul of enterprenuer Karang Taruna Sukokerto subdistrict Pajarakan held extension of diversity of processed diversity made from tiram mushrooms. In this activity, counseling is able to foster intentions for cadet corals in Sukokerto Village, Pajarakan Subdistrict for entrepreneurship because the process of diversifying processing made from oyster mushrooms is easy to remember and easy to do so that after this extension activity ends up participants have the most advanced knowledge and skills[at diversification of product processing itself and can sell products online simply which can later grow entrepreneurial spirit. The resulting products are krispy mushrooms, mushroom satay and mushroom grilled rice. In addition to making various processed, also given skills in marketing online. Keywords: diversification of oyster mushrooms, Karang Taruna

Nanotechnology Fundamentals Applied to Clinical Infectious Diseases and Public Health

Nanotechnology involves the discovery and fabrication of nanoscale materials possessing unique physicochemical properties that are being employed in industry and medicine. Infectious Diseases clinicians and public health scientists utilize nanotechnology applications to diagnose, treat, and prevent infectious diseases. However, fundamental principles of nanotechnology are often presented in technical formats that presuppose an advanced knowledge of chemistry, physics, and engineering, thereby limiting the clinician’s grasp of the underlying science. While nanoscience is technically complex, it need not be out of reach of the clinical practitioner. The aim of this review is to introduce fundamental principles of nanotechnology in an accessible format, describe examples of current clinical infectious diseases and public health applications, and provide a foundation that will aid understanding of and appreciation for this burgeoning and important field of science.

Study on Permeability Characteristics of Porous Transparent Gels Based on Synthetic Materials

Advanced knowledge of the permeability characteristics of transparent gels play a key role in providing a rational basis for the study of porous polymer permeability and the research on the migration behavior of superpolymer solutions. Thus, a new type of transparent gel was prepared to simulate porous media, with aim to observe and analyze the permeability characteristics of transparent gel under the conditions of our experimental design by combining a transparent soil test and simple particle image velocimetry. The experimental results showed that the permeability of the transparent gel was similar to that through actual soil. The permeability coefficients of the transparent gel under different pressure gradients varied greatly early in the experimental cycle, while changing only slightly afterward, showing an overall trend of decreasing first and then stabilizing. With the increase of the mass ratio, the permeability coefficient of the sample decreased, the distribution of the low-velocity zone of the intercepted section became wider and tended to move upward. Differences in spatial position also caused different patterns of velocity and direction. The findings presented in this paper contribute to providing a new direction for the study of porous polymer permeability and the porous migration of superpolymer solutions.

Relational Capital And Strategic Orientations As Antecedents of Innovation: Evidence From Mexican SMEs

Despite the importance of strategic orientations and relational capital in businesses, little research has been carried out on the relationship of these factors with the innovation process. Nor has the behavior of strategic orientations been sufficiently studied if we measure them together. This paper examines the relationship between those factors with firm performance. We propose relational capital as a source of innovation for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) through strategic orientations. Therefore, this study contributes to advanced knowledge in the SMEs competitive research stream. A total of 360 respondents completed a survey conducted at four main cities in México. Using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique, our results reveal a strong positive effect of relational capital over strategic orientations. Mixed findings of strategic orientations and innovation are presented. The findings offer managerial insights for managers to improve performance through innovation and strategic orientations using relational capital.

Kuhnian's Paradigmatic Analysis Method As a Solution of Abstract Thinking Difficulties in Social Studies

In general, the intelligence possessed by students is different from one another. The factors influence intrinsic factors, maturity, formation, interests, and freedom. In addition, environmental and educational factors also play a role in the formation of intelligence. This study aims to describe Kuhnian's paradigmatic analysis as a solution to the difficulties of abstract thinking in social studies learning. This study describes the discussion by utilizing a literature study. The research results are described in a paradigmatic analysis. Kuhn thoroughly examines each expert's thoughts and scientific works and reveals his contribution to the scientific revolution. Social studies learning dimensions are explained in the form of social action. Social studies are learning conditions of abstract thinking in the process of causality. The reconstruction to solve the problem of difficulty in abstract thinking in social studies subjects in junior high schools is carried out as follows: 1) Teaching social studies as integrative social studies, 2) implementing social studies learning using a trans-disciplinarity approach, 3) conveying that social studies learning is "advanced knowledge." 4) Applying the inquiry model, and 5) Integrating influential social studies learning.

Cryptogenic Stroke: A Challenge in Diagnosis and Management

Ischemic stroke is responsible for 85% of all stroke globally. However, the etiology of around a quarter of ischemic stroke are undetermined, this is called cryptogenic stroke. This kind of stroke affects younger population. Several mechanism are associated with the incidence of cryptogenic stroke such as paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, patent foramen ovale, atherosclerosis, and atrial cardiopathy. Despite many advanced knowledge on stroke generally, cryptogenic stroke is still a challenge in clinical settings. To understand more about cryptogenic stroke, a new term of embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS) is proposed and may need a specific workup. Specific workup aims to detect any silent risk factors and also to evaluate the cardiac structure. The term of ESUS also leads to the understanding that cryptogenic stroke is highly related to embolic mechanism and anticoagulation administration might benefit the patients. However, the result of several recent studies showed that anticoagulant was not superior to antiplatelet, and antiplatelet is still the preferred treatment. Studies on PFO closure also shows different result, but the majority of the trials showed benefit of PFO closure in reducing the risk of stroke recurrence.

Evaluation of Epidemic Prevention Abilities for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in South Korea

: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) preferentially infects respiratory tract cells, but it has organotropism. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is significantly distinct from common cold and SARS coronavirus. In past few years, the SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV caused several deaths in South Korea. The aim of current study was to assess SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV awareness and epidemic prevention ability in South Koreans.According to our results, out of 1500 participants, 98.8% and 64.3% were aware of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, respectively. Moreover, 97% of the participants used masks for prevention of airborne diseases, while 65.3% of the participants reused the same mask for several days. In addition, 50% of the participants were not satisfied with the government support. Future viral epidemics can be prevented by disseminating advanced knowledge and awareness among general public.

Emotional valence and arousal induced by auditory stimuli among individuals with visual impairment

Despite significant vision loss, humans can still recognize various emotional stimuli via a sense of hearing and express diverse emotional responses, which can be sorted into two dimensions, arousal and valence. Yet, many research studies have been focusing on sighted people, leading to lack of knowledge about emotion perception mechanisms of people with visual impairment. This study aims at advancing knowledge of the degree to which people with visual impairment perceive various emotions – high/low arousal and positive/negative emotions. A total of 30 individuals with visual impairment participated in interviews where they listened to stories of people who became visually impaired, encountered and overcame various challenges, and they were instructed to share their emotions. Participants perceived different kinds and intensities of emotions, depending on their demographic variables such as living alone, loneliness, onset of visual impairment, visual acuity, race/ethnicity, and employment status. The advanced knowledge of emotion perceptions in people with visual impairment is anticipated to contribute toward better designing social supports that can adequately accommodate those with visual impairment.