scholarly journals Treatment of phalangeal osteomyelitis caused by a cat bite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Wook Kim ◽  
Joo Yong Kim ◽  
Doo Sik Kim ◽  
Uk Gwan Kim ◽  
Dong Hee Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Infection ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
External Wound

In situation of a cat bite, although an external wound is small, prophylactic antibiotics should be used early and a closed observation is needed for sufficient periods. If symptoms continue, deep infection should be considered.

Efficacy of Prophylactic Antibiotics Against Meningitis after Craniotomy: A Meta-Analysis

Neurosurgery ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred G. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Deep Infection ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Significant Benefit ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Postoperative Meningitis ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Antibiotic Efficacy

Abstract OBJECTIVE Although prophylactic antibiotics have been shown by randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to help prevent deep infection after craniotomies, recent reports have suggested that antibiotics are not effective in preventing postcraniotomy meningitis. METHODS Data on meningitis as an end point from RCTs on prophylactic antibiotics for craniotomies were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Six prospective randomized trials or trial subgroups enrolling 1729 patients or operations were identified. Antibiotics reduced postoperative infection rates in five of the six RCTs; no trial individually showed a statistically significant benefit from antibiotics. The pooled odds ratio for meningitis with antibiotic treatment in the six RCTs was 0.43 (95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.92; P = 0.03). Subgroup analyses showed no detectable difference in antibiotic efficacy if antibiotics, with or without gram- negative coverage, were used or if the trial was single or double blinded. A sensitivity analysis showed modest dependence of the results of the analysis on the specific definition of postoperative meningitis used in interpreting trial results. CONCLUSION Prophylactic antibiotics administered before craniotomy reduce rates of postoperative meningitis by approximately one-half, a statistically and clinically significant benefit.

scholarly journals The incidence of infection in routine knee arthroscopy without the use of prophylactic antibiotics is low

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Mun Chun Lai ◽  
William Yeo ◽  
Andrew Hwee Chye Tan
Keyword(s):  
Knee Arthroscopy ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Meniscal Repair ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Deep Infection ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Superficial Wound ◽  
Arthroscopic Meniscectomy

Background: The use of prophylactic antibiotics in routine knee arthroscopy remains prevalent despite previous evidence suggesting that it may not be necessary, and may indeed carry more risks than benefits. This study aims to determine the incidence of surgical site infections in patients undergoing routine knee arthroscopy without prophylactic antibiotics. Methods: This is a retrospective review of 553 consecutive patients who underwent routine knee arthroscopy from 2004 to 2013 by a single fellowship-trained sports surgeon in a single institution. The spectrum of cases included arthroscopic meniscectomy, meniscal repair, microfracture, chondroplasty, removal of loose bodies and lateral retinacular release. No patient received any prophylactic antibiotics. Patient demographics and comorbidities were reviewed and all patients were followed up postoperatively for a minimum of two years. All postoperative complications were recorded. Results: There were 349 male and 204 female patients. The mean age was 41.8 years (SD 14.8) and mean operative time was 30.4 minutes (SD 12.3). Two healthy young patients developed postoperative superficial wound infection within one week after surgery, but recovered with outpatient oral antibiotic treatment. The overall infection rate was 0.36%. No cases of deep infection were reported. Conclusion: This study showed a very low rate of surgical site infections, comparable with known rates following such operations. This suggests that prophylactic antibiotics are not necessary and avoids the known risks associated with their use.

Prophylactic Antibiotics for ERCP: Are they Needed?

Endoscopy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Coss ◽  
AR Aftab ◽  
G Courtney
Keyword(s):  
Prophylactic Antibiotics

Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis: A Mini Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
Pavithra D ◽  
Praveen D ◽  
Vijey Aanandhi M
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Deep Infection ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Serious Adverse Event ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Individual

Agranulocytosis is also known to be granulopenia, causing neutropenia in circulating blood streams .The destruction of white blood cells takes place which leads to increase in the infection rate in an individual where immune system of the individual is suppressed. The symptoms includes fever, sore throat, mouth ulcers. These are commonly seen as adverse effects of a particular drug and are prescribed for the common diagnostic test for regular monitoring of complete blood count in an admitted patient. Drug-induced agranulocytosis remains a serious adverse event due to occurrence of severe sepsis with deep infection leading to pneumonia, septicaemia, and septic shock in two/third of the patient. Antibiotics seem to be the major causative weapon for this disorder. Certain drugs mainly anti-thyroid drugs, ticlopidine hydrochloride, spironolactone, clozapine, antileptic drugs (clozapine), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, dipyrone are the potential causes. Bone marrow insufficiency followed by destruction or limited proliferative bone marrow destruction takes place. Chemotherapy is rarely seen as a causative agent for this disorder. Genetic manipulation may also include as one of the reason. Agranulocytosis can be recovered within two weeks but the mortality and morbidity rate during the acute phase seems to be high, appropriate adjuvant treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics are prerequisites for the management of complicated neutropenia. Drugs that are treated for this are expected to change as a resistant drug to the patient. The pathogenesis of agranulocytosis is not yet known. A comprehensive literature search has been carried out in PubMed, Google Scholar and articles pertaining to drug-induced agranulocytosis were selected for review.

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