scholarly journals Evaluating restoration trajectories using DNA metabarcoding of ground-dwelling and airborne invertebrates and associated plant communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieke van der Heyde ◽  
Michael Bunce ◽  
Kingsley Dixon ◽  
Kristen Fernandes ◽  
Jonathan Majer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Invertebrate Communities ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Site Restoration ◽  
Dispersal Abilities ◽  
Plant Assays ◽  
Potential Food

Invertebrates are important for restoration processes as they are key drivers of many landscape-scale ecosystem functions, including pollination, nutrient cycling and soil formation. However, invertebrates are often overlooked in restoration monitoring because they are highly diverse, poorly described, and time-consuming to survey, and require increasingly scarce taxonomic expertise to enable identification. DNA metabarcoding is a relatively new tool for rapid survey that is able to address some of these concerns, and provide information about the taxa with which invertebrates are interacting via food webs and habitat. Here we evaluate how invertebrate communities may be used to determine ecosystem trajectories during restoration. We collected ground-dwelling and airborne invertebrates across chronosequences of mine-site restoration in three ecologically disparate locations in Western Australia and identified invertebrate and plant communities using DNA metabarcoding. Ground-dwelling invertebrates showed the clearest restoration signals, with communities becoming more similar to reference communities over time. These patterns were weaker in airborne invertebrates, which have higher dispersal abilities and therefore less local fidelity to environmental conditions. Although we detected directional changes in community composition indicative of invertebrate recovery, patterns observed were inconsistent between study locations. The inclusion of plant assays allowed identification of plant species, as well as potential food sources and habitat. We demonstrate that DNA metabarcoding of invertebrate communities can be used to evaluate restoration trajectories. Testing and incorporating new monitoring techniques such as DNA metabarcoding is critical to improving restoration outcomes.

scholarly journals Evaluating restoration trajectories using DNA metabarcoding of invertebrates and their associated plant communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mieke van der Heyde ◽  
Michael Bunce ◽  
Kingsley Dixon ◽  
Kristen Fernandes ◽  
Jonathan Majer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Community Recovery ◽  
Invertebrate Communities ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Site Restoration ◽  
Dispersal Abilities ◽  
Harsh Climate

Invertebrate communities provide many critical ecosystem functions (e.g. pollination, decomposition, herbivory and soil formation), and have been identified as indicators of ecological restoration. Unfortunately, invertebrates are often overlooked in restoration monitoring because they are time-consuming to survey, often require rare taxonomic expertise, and there are many undescribed species. DNA metabarcoding is a tool to rapidly survey invertebrates and can also provide information about plants with which those invertebrates are interacting. Here we evaluate how invertebrate communities may be used to determine ecosystem trajectories during restoration. We collected ground-dwelling and airborne invertebrates across chronosequences of mine-site restoration in three ecologically different locations in Western Australia, and identified invertebrate and plant communities using DNA metabarcoding. Ground-dwelling invertebrates showed the clearest restoration signals, with communities becoming more similar to reference communities over time. These patterns were weaker in airborne invertebrates, which have higher dispersal abilities and therefore less local fidelity to environmental conditions. Invertebrate community recovery was most evident in ecosystems with relatively stable climax communities, while the trajectory in the Pilbara, with its harsh climate and unpredictable monsoonal flooding, was unclear. Plant assay results indicate invertebrates are foraging locally, providing data about interactions between invertebrates and their environment. Thus, we show how DNA metabarcoding of invertebrate communities can be used to evaluate likely trajectories for restoration. Testing and incorporating new monitoring techniques such as DNA metabarcoding is critical to improving restoration outcomes, and is now particularly salient given the ambitious global restoration targets associated with the UN decade on Ecosystem Restoration.

scholarly journals Airborne environmental DNA metabarcoding detects more diversity, with less sampling effort, than a traditional plant community survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Johnson ◽  
Mohamed Fokar ◽  
Robert D. Cox ◽  
Matthew A. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Human Health Impacts

Abstract Background Airborne environmental DNA (eDNA) research is an emerging field that focuses on the detection of species from their genetic remnants in the air. The majority of studies into airborne eDNA of plants has until now either focused on single species detection, specifically only pollen, or human health impacts, with no previous studies surveying an entire plant community through metabarcoding. We therefore conducted an airborne eDNA metabarcoding survey and compared the results to a traditional plant community survey. Results Over the course of a year, we conducted two traditional transect-based visual plant surveys alongside an airborne eDNA sampling campaign on a short-grass rangeland. We found that airborne eDNA detected more species than the traditional surveying method, although the types of species detected varied based on the method used. Airborne eDNA detected more grasses and forbs with less showy flowers, while the traditional method detected fewer grasses but also detected rarer forbs with large showy flowers. Additionally, we found the airborne eDNA metabarcoding survey required less sampling effort in terms of the time needed to conduct a survey and was able to detect more invasive species than the traditional method. Conclusions Overall, we have demonstrated that airborne eDNA can act as a sensitive and efficient plant community surveying method. Airborne eDNA surveillance has the potential to revolutionize the way plant communities are monitored in general, track changes in plant communities due to climate change and disturbances, and assist with the monitoring of invasive and endangered species.

scholarly journals Biogeocenosis development during initial revegetation of a coal combustion ash dump

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 00038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Sheremet ◽  
Ivan Belanov ◽  
Vladimir Doronkin ◽  
Tatiana Lamanova ◽  
Natalia Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Substrate Moisture

The initial stage of biogeocenoses development on the coal ash dump produced by the thermal power staton in Novosibirsk (55.000, 83.068), Russia, were studied after 9 years of spontaneous revegetation. Soil properties, soil cover and plant communities were examined in detail. The predominating types of embryozems and transition from open to succession plant communities were described. Soil substrate moisture content was found to determine changes in plant species composition, projective cover and abundance, altogether causing asynchronicity of soil formation in different sites.

Anostracans and microcrustaceans as potential food sources of waterbirds on sodic pans of the Hungarian plain

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 567 (1) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Boros ◽  
Szabolcs Bánfi ◽  
László Forró
Keyword(s):  
Food Sources ◽  
Potential Food ◽  
Hungarian Plain

Trophic position and potential food sources of 2 species of unionid bivalves (Mollusca:Unionidae) in 2 small Ohio streams

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Christian ◽  
Brittany N. Smith ◽  
David J. Berg ◽  
James C. Smoot ◽  
Robert H. Findlay
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Position ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Potential Food

Effects of Cyclone Waka on flying foxes (Pteropus tonganus) in the Vava'u Islands of Tonga

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim R. McConkey ◽  
Donald R. Drake ◽  
Janet Franklin ◽  
Filipe Tonga
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Flying Foxes ◽  
Pteropus Tonganus ◽  
Potential Food ◽  
Flying Fox

Severe tropical cyclones are a major cause of episodic mortality for Pacific Island flying foxes (large fruit bats). Many flying foxes starve after forests are stripped of food sources, and hunting by humans may also increase in the post-cyclone period. In December 2001, Cyclone Waka passed directly over the Vava'u Islands in the Kingdom of Tonga, western Polynesia. We visited the islands 6 mo later to survey the flying fox (Pteropus tonganus) population and assess availability of potential food items (fruit and flower) in primary, secondary and plantation forests. Less than 20% of the pre-cyclone bat population (surveyed in 1999–2001) remained 6 mo after the storm. The density of potential food trees in flower or fruit at this time was only 15% of pre-cyclone density, and the main species available were different in the two time periods. The highest density of potential food trees occurred in secondary forest (26 flowering or fruiting trees ha−1) and plantations (23 ha−1); primary forest offered the least food (18 ha−1). Since 65–70% of the land area has been converted to agricultural plantations, this vegetation type had the highest absolute number of food-bearing trees – almost seven times that of primary forest. Flowering coconuts (Cocos nucifera) were the most abundant food source overall and we suggest that this species may be important in sustaining flying foxes following severe storms.

scholarly journals The role of microorganisms and plants at different stages of ecosystem development for soil formation

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1867-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Schulz ◽  
R. Brankatschk ◽  
A. Dümig ◽  
I. Kögel-Knabner ◽  
M. Schloter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Nutrient Cycles ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Labile Carbon ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Abiotic Environment ◽  
Microbial Network ◽  
Parental Material

Abstract. Soil formation is the result of a complex network of biological as well as chemical and physical processes. Mainly the role of soil microbes is of high interest in this respect, as they are responsible for most transformations and drive the development of stable and labile carbon and nutrient pools in soil, which facilitate the basis for the subsequent establishment of plant communities. Glacier forefields, which provide a chronosequence of soils of different age due to the continuous retreat of the ice layer as a consequence of the increasing annual temperature since the last centuries, are a nice play ground to study the interaction of bacteria, fungi and archaea with their abiotic environment at different stages of soil formation. In this review we give insights into the role of microbes for soil development on the basis of investigations which have been performed at the Damma glacier in Switzerland in the frame of two international network projects Big Link (http://www.cces.ethz.ch/projects/clench/BigLink/) and DFG SFB/TRR 38 (http://www.tu-cottbus.de/ecosystem/). The review focusses on the microbiology of three major steps of soil formation including weathering of the parental material, the development of basic nutrient cycles, the formation of soil crusts and biofilms as initial microbial network structures and the occurrence of plants respectively the setup of plant communities.

scholarly journals CONSUMO DE RESÍDUOS AGRÍCOLAS E URBANOS PELO DIPLÓPODE Trigoniulus corallinus

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando De Sousa Antunes ◽  
Rafael Nogueira Scoriza ◽  
Dione Galvão da Silva ◽  
Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Banana Tree ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Potential Food

Os diplópodes são capazes de ingerir serapilheira parcialmente decomposta, transformando-a em matéria orgânica que enriquece o solo. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar potenciais fontes alimentares dos diplópodes da espécie Trigoniulus corallinus em laboratório fornecendo diferentes resíduos na forma de serrapilheira não decomposta, por um período de dez dias. Os resíduos utilizados neste experimento (todos senescentes) foram: aparas de grama batatais; folhas de gliricídia; de flemingia; de pata de vaca; de bananeira, além de um resíduo industrializado, neste caso, pedaços de papelão picado. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com dez repetições. Ao final de dez dias foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: massa seca do resíduo restante da alimentação dos diplópodes, massa seca dos coprólitos e mortalidade dos diplópodes. A mensuração das taxas de consumo dos diplópodes mostraram-se diferentes entre os tratamentos, sendo as maiores taxas observadas para as folhas de flemingia (25,4 %) seguido pelas folhas de gliricídia (21,2 %). A massa de coprólitos gerados foi maior a partir dos resíduos de flemingia (0,214 g) e foi ausente na presença de papelão e gliricídia. Observou-se 100% de mortalidade dos diplópodes após o consumo de folhas de gliricídia. Depreende-se dos resultados que diplópodes da espécie T. corallinus são capazes de ingerir resíduos pobres em nutrientes, porém exibem nitidamente preferência alimentar por resíduos que contenham maiores teores de nutrientes.Palavras-chave: gongolos, compostagem, agricultura orgânica. CONSUMPTION OF AGRICULTURAL AND URBAN WASTES BY THE DIPLOPODA Trigoniulus corallinus  ABSTRACT: Diplopods are able to ingest litter partially decomposed, transforming them into organic matter that enrich the soil. This work aimed to evaluate potential food sources of the dipropods of the specie Trigoniulus corallinus in the laboratory providing different residues in the form of non - decomposed litter for a period of ten days. The residues used in this experiment (all senescent) were: batatais grass cuttings; Gliricidia leaves; of Flemingia; of cow's foot; of banana tree, in addition to an industrialized residue, in this case pieces of cardboard. The design was completely randomized, with ten replications. At the end of ten days, the following parameters were evaluated: dry mass of the remaining diplopods feed, dry mass of coprolites and mortality of diplopods. The measurement of the consumption rates of the diplopods were different among the treatments, with the highest rates observed for the leaves of flemingia (25.4%) followed by the leaves of gliricidia (21.2%). The mass of generated coprolites was higher from the flemingia residues (0.214 g) and was absent in the presence of cardboard and gliricidia. It was observed 100% mortality of the diplopods after consumption of gliricidia leaves. It appears from the results that dipropods of T. corallinus species are able to ingest nutrient-poor residues, but clearly exhibit their food preferences for residues containing higher nutrient contents.Keywords: millipedes, composting, organic agriculture. 

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