Non-contact three-dimensional cell cluster formation on demand in open dishware using focused surface acoustic waves through a couplant layer

Three-dimensional cell agglomerates are broadly useful in tissue engineering and drug testing. We report a well-free method to form large (1-mm) multicellular clusters using 100-MHz surface acoustic waves (SAW) without direct contact with the media or cells. A fluid couplant is used to transformthe SAW into acoustic streaming in the cell-laden media held in a petri dish. The couplant transmits longitudinal sound waves, forming a Lamb wave in the petri dish that, in turn, produces longitudinal sound in the media. Due to recirculation, human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells in the dish are carried to the center of the coupling location, forming a cluster in less than 10 min. A few minutes later, these clusters may then be translated and merged to form large agglomerations, and even repeatedly folded to produce a roughly spherical shape of over 1 mm in diameter for incubation—without damaging the existing intercellular bonds. Calcium ion signaling through these clusters and confocal images of multiprotein junctional complexes suggest a continuous tissue construct: intercellular communication. They may be formed at will, and the method is feasibly useful for formation of numerous agglomerates in a single petri dish.

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Surface acoustic waves in finite slabs of three-dimensional phononic crystals

Physical Review B ◽

10.1103/physrevb.77.094304 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 77 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

R. Sainidou ◽

B. Djafari-Rouhani ◽

J. O. Vasseur

Keyword(s):

Acoustic Waves ◽

Surface Acoustic Waves ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Phononic Crystals

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Modeling acoustic waves with paraxial extrapolators

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/1.1442838 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 306-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

R. W. Graves ◽

R. W. Clayton

Keyword(s):

Acoustic Waves ◽

Parallel Machines ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Azimuthal Anisotropy ◽

Splitting Technique ◽

Active Storage ◽

Transmission And Reflection Coefficients ◽

Scattering Effects ◽

Heterogeneous Models ◽

The Media

Modeling by paraxial extrapolators is applicable to wave‐propagation problems in which most of the energy is traveling within a restricted angular cone about a principal axis of the problem. Using this technique, frequency‐domain finite‐difference solutions accurate for propagation angles out to 60° are readily generated for both two‐dimensional (2-D) and three‐dimensional (3-D) models. Solutions for 3-D problems are computed by applying the 2-D paraxial operators twice, once along the x‐axis and once along the y‐axis, at each extrapolation step. The azimuthal anisotropy inherent to this splitting technique is essentially eliminated by adding a phase‐correction operator to the extrapolation system. For heterogeneous models, scattering effects are incorporated by determining transmission and reflection coefficients at structural boundaries within the media. The direct forward‐scattered waves are modeled with a single pass of the extrapolation operator in the paraxial direction for each frequency. The first‐order backscattered energy is then modeled by extrapolation (in the opposite direction) of the reflected field determined on the first pass. Higher order scattering can be included by sweeping through the model with more passes. The chief advantages of the paraxial approach are (1) active storage is reduced by one dimension compared to solutions which must track both forward‐scattered and backscattered waves simultaneously; thus, realistic 3-D problems can fit on today’s computers, (2) the decomposition in frequency allows the technique to be implemented on highly parallel machines, (3) attenuation can be modeled as an arbitrary function of frequency, and (4) only a small number of frequencies are needed to produce movie‐like time slices.

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Measurement of the acoustic streaming pattern in a standing surface acoustic wave field

14th International Symposium on Particle Image Velocimetry ◽

10.18409/ispiv.v1i1.24 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sebastian Sachs ◽

Christian Cierpka ◽

Jörg König

Keyword(s):

Wave Field ◽

Acoustic Waves ◽

Acoustic Radiation ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Surface Acoustic Waves ◽

Acoustic Streaming ◽

Fluid Motion ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Radiation Force ◽

Flow Measurements

The application of standing surface acoustic waves (sSAW) has enabled the development of many flexible and easily scalable concepts for the fractionation of particle solutions in the field of microfluidic lab-ona-chip devices. In this context, the acoustic radiation force (ARF) is often employed for the targeted manipulation of particle trajectories, whereas acoustically induced flows complicate efficient fractionation in many systems [Sehgal and Kirby (2017)]. Therefore, a characterization of the superimposed fluid motion is essential for the design of such devices. The present work focuses on a structural analysis of the acousticallyexcited flow, both in the center and in the outer regions of the standing wave field. For this, experimental flow measurements were conducted using astigmatism particle tracking velocimetry (APTV) [Cierpka et al. (2010)]. Through multiple approaches, we address the specific challenges for reliable velocity measurements in sSAW due to limited optical access, the influence of the ARF on particle motion, and regions of particle depletion caused by multiple pressure nodes along the channel width and height. Variations in frequency, channel geometry, and electrical power allow for conclusions to be drawn on the formation of a complex, three-dimensional vortex structure at the beginning and end of the sSAW.

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Ultra-High Frequency Sound Waves for Microparticle Separation

Volume 2A: Fora, Part 2 ◽

10.1115/ajkfluids2015-18682 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Ghulam Destgeer ◽

Anas Alazzam ◽

Hyung Jin Sung

Keyword(s):

Acoustic Waves ◽

High Frequency ◽

Surface Acoustic Waves ◽

Microfluidic Channel ◽

Sound Waves ◽

Ultra High Frequency ◽

High Frequency Sound ◽

Frequency Sound ◽

Sheath Fluid ◽

Order Of Magnitude

In this study, we have demonstrated a particle separation device taking advantage of the ultra-high frequency sound waves. The sound waves, in the form of surface acoustic waves, are produced by an acoustofluidic platform build on top of a piezoelectric substrate bonded to a microfluidic channel. The particles’ mixture, pumped through the microchannel, is focused using a sheath fluid. A travelling surface acoustic wave (TSAW), propagating normal to the flow, interacts with the particles and deflect them from their original path to induce size-based separation in a continuous flow. We initially started the experiment with 40 MHz TSAWs for deflecting 10 μm diameter polystyrene particles but failed. However, larger diameter particles (∼ 30 μm) were successfully deflected from their streamlines and separated from the smaller particles (∼ 10 μm) using TSAWs with 40 MHz frequency. The separation of smaller diameter particles (3, 5 and 7 μm) was also achieved using an order of magnitude higher-frequency (∼ 133 MHz) TSAWs.

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Muometric positioning system (μPS) with cosmic muons as a new underwater and underground positioning technique

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-75843-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hiroyuki K. M. Tanaka

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Waves ◽

Plate Tectonics ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Positioning System ◽

Sound Waves ◽

Cosmic Muons ◽

Classical Waves ◽

The Media ◽

Positioning Technique ◽

Media Condition

Abstract Thus far, underwater and underground positioning techniques have been limited to those using classical waves (sound waves, electromagnetic waves or their combination). However, the positioning accuracy is strongly affected by the conditions of media they propagate (temperature, salinity, density, elastic constants, opacity, etc.). In this work, we developed a precise and entirely new three-dimensional positioning technique with cosmic muons. This muonic technique is totally unaffected by the media condition and can be universally implemented anywhere on the globe without a signal transmitter. Results of our laboratory-based experiments and simulations showed that, for example, plate-tectonics-driven seafloor motion and magma-driven seamount deformation can be detected with the μPS.

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Three-Dimensional Cell Culture and Drug Testing in a Microfluidic Sidewall-Attached Droplet Array

Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02267 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 89 (19) ◽

pp. 10153-10157 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Shi-Ping Zhao ◽

Yan Ma ◽

Qi Lou ◽

Hong Zhu ◽

Bo Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Culture ◽

Drug Testing ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Droplet Array ◽

Dimensional Cell

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Effects of Acoustic Waves on Buried Tunnel Structures Under an Impact Load

International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics ◽

10.1142/s0219455417500031 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (01) ◽

pp. 1750003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. R. Massah ◽

M. M. Torabipour

Keyword(s):

Soil Type ◽

Acoustic Waves ◽

Acoustic Pressure ◽

Impact Load ◽

Underground Structure ◽

Surface Acoustic Waves ◽

Ground Surface ◽

Sound Waves ◽

Arbitrary Location ◽

Two Parameters

In this paper, the transmission and reflection of acoustic waves into and from an underground tunnel are investigated by producing an impact load on the ground and measuring the acoustic pressure levels at different time intervals. For this purpose, a sound detector is placed on the ground and then from an arbitrary location on the surface, acoustic waves are transmitted into the ground from an acoustic source. The pressure levels of acoustic waves transmitted into the tunnel space and reflected back to the ground surface are measured, and the effects of several parameters on the attenuation of acoustic pressure levels of transmitted and reflected sound waves are evaluated. Moreover, the effects of parameters such as soil type, concrete type and thickness, buried depth of the underground structure and also the effect of acoustic absorbers on the transmission, propagation and reflection of acoustic waves into and from the tunnel are investigated. The results obtained indicate that the two parameters of soil type and buried depth have the greatest effect on the transmission of acoustic waves, whereas all the parameters considered are important with regard to the reflection of acoustic waves. In addition, it was observed that the use of acoustic absorbers in tunnel structures has a significant effect on the attenuation of transmitted and reflected acoustic waves.

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Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Images of Surface Acoustic Waves by Means of Computer-Controlled Laser Probe

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics ◽

10.1143/jjap.33.3166 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 33 (Part 1, No. 5B) ◽

pp. 3166-3169

Author(s):

Tatsuki Yoshimine ◽

Hideki Katoh ◽

Takahiro Igari ◽

Vadim G. Kavalerov ◽

Mitsuteru Inoue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acoustic Waves ◽

Surface Acoustic Waves ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Laser Probe ◽

Computer Controlled ◽

Three Dimensional Images

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The potentials and pitfalls of a human cervical organoid model including Langerhans cells

10.1101/733501 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Jackson ◽

Jordan D Lukacs ◽

Ingeborg Zehbe

Keyword(s):

Langerhans Cells ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Myeloid Cell ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Cervical Tissue ◽

Myeloid Cell Line ◽

Versatile Tool ◽

Research Questions ◽

Dimensional Cell ◽

Detailed Protocol

AbstractThree-dimensional cell culturing to capture a life-like experimental environment has become a versatile tool for basic and clinical research. Mucosal and skin tissues can be grown as “organoids” in a petri dish and serve a wide variety of research questions. Here, we report our experience with human cervical organoids which could also include an immune component, e.g. Langerhans cells. We employ commercially available human cervical keratinocytes and fibroblasts as well as a myeloid cell line matured and purified into langerin-positive Langerhans cells. These are then seeded on a layer of keratinocytes with underlying dermal equivalent. Using about 10-fold more than the reported number in healthy cervical tissue (1–3%), we obtain differentiated cervical epithelium after 14 days with ~ 1% being Langerhans cells. We provide a detailed protocol for interested researchers to apply the described “aseptic” organoid model for all sorts of investigations—with or without Langerhans cells.

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