scholarly journals Global Governance and Turkey’s Position in the Post-Global Crisis Period

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Zehra Vildan SERÄ°N
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
International Monetary System ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
System A ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Global Financial System

Following the most recent global crisis, the necessity for a new structuring in which developing countries more actively participate in the processes of global governance has become a current issue. The aim of this paper is to offer answers to the question that how should be a governance model in which China, Turkey, Brazil, India and other G-20 countries are more active decision-makers, instead of an international monetary system dominated by the USA. Firstly, the cause of the crisis, that is, the fact that USD relatively ceased to be the reserve money will be analyzed. Secondly, the process of transformation in the IMF administration in a way to allow G-20 countries a more active participation will be addressed. Finally, Turkey’s role in the restructuration of the global financial system -a process which had stemmed from the emergence of global governance through the integration of capital markets and excessive deregulation- will be analyzed, and policy recommendations for better global governance will be discussed.

scholarly journals The US dollar and new imperialism under the logic of capital accumulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
Haiping Qiu ◽  
Min Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
International Monetary System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
New Imperialism ◽  
Us Dollar

Purpose The world currency is endowed with two inherent contradictions, namely, the general contradiction of all currencies and the special contradiction between the quality and quantity of the world currency. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In the wake of the Second World War, the USA, with its strong economic and military strength, established an international monetary system centered on the US dollar (USD). This gave USD the status of “world currency” and bounded it to the US imperialist hegemony with mutual integration and interaction, making it possible for USD capital to conduct international exploitation and wealth plundering extensively around the world. Findings The contradiction between the capital logic and the power logic, which is inherent in capital accumulation models of the new imperialism, also indicates the inevitable decline of USD. Originality/value This constitutes an important feature of the new imperialism. However, as a sovereign currency, USD has inextricable and inherent contradictions while exercising its function as the world currency.

scholarly journals Potential Competitiveness of Pound in Post-Crisis World

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
A. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
International Monetary System ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
International Currencies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

The author discusses the factors and trends that determine the British pound’s competitive position in various segments of the international monetary system. Despite the devaluation effect caused by Brexit, the pound is still the most expensive of the key international currencies. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that the ratio of the British pound monetary aggregate M1 to GDP is significantly lower than that of other major economies – issuers of reserve currencies. Thus, the pound has the lowest monetary risk of depreciation compared to other currencies. On the other hand, the international significance of the pound sterling is explained by the ability of British economy to service the huge external debt, which in relative size is the largest among the leading economies of the world. This state of affairs is achieved due to the fact that London is home to the largest number of foreign companies in the world that carry out operations in various Eurocurrencies, acting simultaneously as the main issuers of external debt obligations. The attractiveness of the pound sterling as the currency for the nomination of international debt instruments is due to the less risky currency profile of the pound sterling, as well as the relatively higher profitability of debt instruments. After the global financial crisis, the share of the pound in the official reserves of other countries and in the implementation of international payments is gradually increasing. The author comes to the conclusion about the possible strengthening of the future role of the pound as a stabilizer of international economic relations against the backdrop of an increase in unpredictable events taking place on both sides of the Atlantic such as fiscal crisis of the euro area, Brexit, the growing political tension in the USA, COVID 19. These events are increasingly threatening leading positions of the US dollar and the euro as the key international currencies.

China’s Path Selection in Global Governance Reform

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-281
Author(s):  
Jiejin Zhu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
International Monetary System ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Governance Reform ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Sovereign Credit Rating ◽  
The U.S

With the rise of China, reforming the global governance institutions has become an important part of China’s diplomacy. Based on whether to build new international rules or reinterpret or redeploy the existing ones, we can divide the rising power’s paths in global governance reform into four types: displacement, layering, conversion and avoidance. Why does China adopt different paths toward reforming the existing international institutions which are dominated by the U.S.? Building on the theory of “gradual institutional change” in historical institutionalism, this article argues that the veto capability of the established power and the flexibility of the existing international institution are two determinants of the rising power’s path selection in global governance reform. It applies this theoretical framework to explain China’s behaviour in four issue areas: sovereign credit rating, the international monetary system, free trade agreements and multilateral development banks. In sovereign credit rating, the strong veto capability of the U.S. and the low flexibility of the existing international credit rating institution make China adopt the path of avoidance. In the international monetary system, the strong veto capability of the U.S. and the high flexibility of the International Monetary Fund’s special drawing rights make China adopt the path of layering. In free trade agreements, the weak veto capability of the U.S. and low flexibility of the Trans-Pacific Partnership make China adopt the path of displacement. In multilateral development banks, the weak veto capability of the U.S. and high flexibility of World Bank rules make China adopt the path of conversion.

scholarly journals Bretton Woods 2 system and US balance of payment deficit

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-136
Author(s):  
Zaklina Stepanovic-Petrac
Keyword(s):  
International Monetary System ◽  
Financial Architecture ◽  
Bretton Woods ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
International Financial Architecture ◽  
National Currencies ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Us Dollar ◽  
Foreign Exchanges

The author explores the evolution, functioning, similarities and differences between the original Bretton Woods international monetary system that operated from 1945 to 1973 and the present modified institution, which is symbolically called Bretton Woods 2 System. The existing international financial architecture keeps on being based on the hegemony of the US dollar, as a dominant reserve currency. However, in spite of the fact that in most cases the present international monetary system implies the regime of flexible foreign exchanges rates, a characteristic of this system is that many countries in different degrees refuse to accept the appreciation of their national currencies to the US dollar. At the same time, the domination of the USA, the most indebted country in the world, is becoming a very serious threat to its sustainability. However, as the author concludes, the creators of the international monetary system, being aware how serious could be the consequences of its cessation, endeavor to extend its operation accepting less expensive consequences of keeping it alive.

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