scholarly journals Justification of the abolishment of local governments real estate right of first refusal in Latvia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janis Viesturs ◽  
◽  
Armands Auzins
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Right Of First Refusal

Information (Maps, Projects) Collected for Safety Space Management

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Space Management ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Global Coverage

The main aim of the study is to analyse the maps and projects which inform us about locations at risk of extreme weather events and other hazards to the space. In the last decade, research into hazards has become an area of interest to many projects under implementation. During their implementation, a lot of information with a different scope, accuracy and scale is obtained. The projects and maps under study provide valuable information for various levels of space management and planning as well as for crisis management. For the implementation of research aims, an analysis and synthesis of the obtained materials concerning the maps and projects were used. The results indicate that the gathered information does not always fulfil the needs of local governments. In spatial planning, information should refer to a cadastral parcel or real estate; however, certain projects and maps are not accurate enough and have a rather global coverage, which makes them useless for the purposes of spatial planning. To this end, an analysis and synthesis of the obtained materials concerning the maps and projects were used.

Economic Development: Raising Revenues without Increasing Taxes

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Roger L. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Adequate Level ◽  
Real Estate Projects

Many local governments are now facing the challenge of maintaining an adequate level of public services without resorting to any form of tax increase. One strategy is to generate additional tax receipts from existing levies through economic development. The author provides an overview of the increasingly creative and innovative array of incentives being negotiated with those who finance and develop desirable real estate projects.

Fighting for Every Inch of Land: Greed and Grievance in Petition Mobilization in Zhejiang

Modern China ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Heurlin
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
County Level ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Resource Value ◽  
Real Estate Markets ◽  
Cognitive Mechanism ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Micro Level

Despite a proliferation of studies of the micro-level dynamics of protests and petitions against land takings in China, we know very little about how meso-level factors, such as the local economy, influence petitions to Beijing and provincial governments. Drawing upon the economic approach to civil war, this article examines the roles played by grievances and greed in determining the scale of mobilization at the county level in Zhejiang province. Through archival evidence and interviews in Ningbo and Lishui, as well as an original dataset of petitions, this article suggests that both grievances and greed influence petitioning. Mobilization is especially high in Ningbo, where valuable real estate markets have prompted landless farmers to compete with local governments over control of the rents from land. The article proposes the concept of resource value activation as a cognitive mechanism that has contributed to this process of mobilization.

Housing Provision under Globalisation: A Case Study of Shanghai

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1741-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Real Estate Development ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Housing Investment

Housing provision in China has undergone significant changes since economic reform. In the early stage of reform the objective was to solve the problems that are internal to the socialist economy, namely unrecoverable housing investment and housing shortages. The state adopted policies to ‘commodify’ and ‘decentralise’ housing provision. The mode of provision was transformed from a centrally allocated budget to shared investment contributed by state work-units, local governments, and individual households. Since the 1990s Chinese cities have seen increased foreign investment in real estate development and consequently experienced an unprecedented building boom. Little is know about the impacts of globalisation on housing development. The purpose of this paper is to examine the changes in housing investment and to highlight the dilemma of housing ‘commodification’ in the process of globalisation. Specifically, foreign investment contributed to initial capital formation in real estate development and more importantly helped to create a marketised housing segment. The buoyant market price demonstrated the profitability of real estate, thus attracting more capital into housing development. The combined effect of marketisation and globalisation has led to increasing social spatial differentiation and inadequate housing provision to marginal social groups.

HOW WILL THE LAND REVENUE POLICY REFORM AFFECT CHINA’S ECONOMY? A SIMULATION ANALYSIS BASED ON GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
HAISHENG HU ◽  
WANHAO DONG ◽  
CHIEN-LUNG HSU ◽  
JIUN-NAN PAN
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Negative Impact

The aim of this paper is to simulate the effect of land revenue policy reform in China under the shock of tax policy reform. To this end, this research has built a computable general equilibrium model and collected data from China’s input–output table for 2017 to construct the China land revenue social accounting matrix for 2017. Five scenarios of land reform policy have been considered. The first scenario concerns a reduction in the construction land supply; the simulation shows that the reform will lead to increasing real estate prices, which will result in a crowding-out effect for the manufacturing industry. The second scenario involves levying a property tax nationwide, which will restrain the trend of the increase in the real estate price and increase the local governments’ revenue, although household income and economic growth will be restrained. The third scenario has to do with a reduction in the deed tax. The simulation shows that this reform can alleviate the negative impact on the economy. The fourth scenario is related to a combination of the first and second scenarios, which will lead to a decrease in employment demand and an increase in land financial revenue. Finally, the fifth scenario is also a combined policy involving the first, second and third scenarios, which will result in higher urban and rural household income than the fourth scenario.

Option effect of land transfer by city governments: a case study of Hangzhou

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Minghui Zheng ◽  
Zheyan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Option Value ◽  
Hedonic Price ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Land Transfer ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper aims to study the impact of land options on the land transfer behaviour of Chinese city governments.Design/methodology/approachBased on the institutional environment of Hangzhou, China, the option pricing model is used to measure the option value of the trading plots. The effect of the option value on the land transfer price and the timing of transfers are estimated respectively, using the hedonic price model and the survival analysis models.FindingsThe results show that the option value has a significant explanation on land price and timing of land transfers. Under the effect of option value, the positive impact of fiscal pressure on the possibility of land transfer weakens. From the perspective of the annual option premium rate, the option premium is closely related to the real estate cycle. Option premiums are higher during booms but lower during recessions and in new urban areas.Practical implicationsBy revealing the distinction of land option premiums in different places and times, this paper provides a reference for city governments seeking a balance between real estate regulation and obtaining more land revenue.Originality/valueBy introducing policy variables that reflect the degree of tightness of real estate regulation and indicators of local government financial pressure, the paper discusses the impact of options on the transfer behaviour of local governments in different situations.

scholarly journals The Increasing Financialization of China’s Urbanization

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (04) ◽  
pp. 1640002 ◽  
Author(s):  
THIERRY THEURILLAT ◽  
JAMES H. LENZER ◽  
HONGYU ZHAN
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Financial Assets ◽  
Property Development ◽  
Commercial Property ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Regulation Changes

This paper provides a heuristic framework to address issues about China’s ongoing urbanization in relation to the role of land and built environment as triggers for economic growth and to the increasing financialization of urban production. While a dominant field of literature highlights the interrelation between land and capital within a specific institutional setting between Central and local governments, it argues to include other key linkages between infrastructures, property development and finance to understand China’s recent exponential urban growth. It first places the current consequent local governments’ debt into perspective along with the evolution of financial circuits for urban infrastructures resulting from Central Government policy and regulation changes. Next, and in line with the real estate literature that highlights the key role of demand, it develops an original understanding of the financialization of urban production from the perspective of China’s property industry. Besides the role of homeownership policies since 1998 which boosted urban production based on use value, various ways of the transformation of property into financial assets have occurred. Chinese households as the main investors have not only been able to directly invest in housing and in non-housing by purchasing flats or commercial property but indirectly by increasing investments in special purpose vehicles such as trust-bank and funds finance and new kinds of investment platforms. In both cases, Central Government macropolicies, both stimulating and restricting from 2008–2016, have gone in hand with increasing financialization processes for local governments’ debt, urban infrastructure financing and real estate.

When administrative reforms produce territorial differentiation. How market-oriented policies transform military brownfield reconversion in France (1989–2012)

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1759-1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Artioli
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Political Bargaining ◽  
Territorial Differentiation ◽  
Territorial Politics ◽  
Real Estate Management ◽  
Political Negotiation

The article explores the territorial dimension of the reforms that remould state administrations, which is overlooked by both public sector and territorial politics literatures. It is based on a fine-grained case study of how the emergence of an administrative reform aimed at strengthening market coordination in the management and sale of public real estate in France has affected previously existing forms of military real estate management that relied on central and local political bargaining. While existing literature argues that market-oriented administrative reforms tend to side-line political regulation, this reform entails a differentiation rather than a replacement of the operating codes of the state in territories. Indeed, policy change through layering causes the consolidation of different land regimes, a planning-oriented one and a market-oriented one, that apply differentially in territories and leave the local governments with uneven rooms of manoeuvre for political negotiation.

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