Portal for Employees in the Public Sector

The need to reduce public spending has led Portugal to make administrative reforms. To that end, it called on the so-called e-government, using ICT as a mechanism to increase the quality and transparency of public services while lowering costs and operationalizing new public policies. Although administrative decentralisation is enshrined in the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, only recently has it been prioritised as one of the great objectives of the administrative reforms of the state. To this end, the transfer of the necessary financial and human resources are foreseen. This will imply the implementation of human resources management strategies and mechanisms that avoid surplus or shortage of human resources, both in Central and Local Administration. Therefore, in this chapter, the creation of the “Portal for Employees in the Public Sector” is proposed as a shared management tool.

China's Evolution from Socialist Legality: The Expansion in the Role of Judges and the Redress of Grievances

The Chinese state implemented a conscious transfer to a market economy after 1977 when the Four Modernisations were inaugurated and the new Constitution promulgated in 1982 raised the possibility for the separation of powers. The new framework introduced judicial review into the structure of the legal system that was to provide redress of grievances from mal administration. The transition to a new leadership in 2011 allowed the National Peoples Congress to enact administrative reforms, and further amendments to the Chinese Constitution in 2018 have promulgated the Judges Law. The judicial reforms promote the values of an independent judiciary and there is an effective machinery of justice which promotes judicial review. This paper argues that the centralisation of power by the Communist Party does not preclude the functioning of judicial administration that conforms to rule of law and an emerging trend of public interest litigation and participatory justice.

Severan revival (c. AD 180–225)

This chapter describes extensive rebuilding along London’s Severan waterfront. The first phase is tentatively associated with preparations for Clodius Albinus’ naval expedition to Gaul that was launched from Britain. The second is more certainly associated with the reoccupation of Britain by Severus’ general Virius Lupus in AD 197, for which precise tree-ring dating is available. Subsequent enhancements are likely to date to a phase of busy rebuilding c. AD 215/220, which may also be the approximate date of London’s masonry town wall. These various works were associated with busy traffic between Britain and the continent at times of major campaigns, the conduct of which required the revival of the city. The Severan renewal of London also included temples and other monuments arranged along the undefended waterfront. It is suggested that some of these works were the product of imperial patronage at the time of administrative reforms made by Caracalla on the conclusion of Severus’ Scottish wars. This was when Britain was subdivided into two separate provinces. London was made capital of Britannia Superior and perhaps elevated to the status of colonia following similar arrangements made for York as the capital of Britannia Inferior. The new town wall and temples are interpreted as the monumental expression of London’s revived role as a city of importance to the Roman government of Britain. The architectural details of these monuments are also described.

Restoration (c. AD 270–85)

London’s late antique restoration was signalled by the construction of a monumental riverside wall, the renewal of luxurious town houses within town, and the development of new patterns of supply. Recent dendrochronological evidence indicates that the riverside wall was probably built in the late 270s, perhaps under Aurelian and then Probus following the collapse of the Gallic Empire. Contemporary fortifications were built at other sites in southern Britain in this assertion of a new language of imperial control. It is suggested that changed patterns of urban supply reflect on the administrative reforms that supported these defended sites. London’s revival may also have relied on new settlement, and recent studies of cemetery populations around the city indicate that some 20–40 per cent of the buried dead—admittedly from an extremely small sample—had arrived from elsewhere in the Roman Empire.

Research Trends in Japanese Public Administration: Statistical Content Analyses of Article Titles in Public Administration Review Quarterly (1978 to 2019)

This paper quantitatively explains research trends in postwar administrative studies in Japan using statistical analyses of nearly 40 years of article titles from Public Administration Review Quarterly, from its first issue (1978) to the 165th issue (2019). Co-occurrence network analysis and correspondence analysis revealed changes in research interests. There was substantially more research on administrative reforms through the post-war Showa and Heisei eras. The configuration figures of correspondence analysis can be interpreted to mean that the first dimension concerns administrative reforms; the second dimension concerns historical events/administrative systems; and the third dimension concerns evaluations and Kaizen. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that the studies during the Showa era (1978–1988) could be partly characterized by the two extracted compound words: the United States and the United Kingdom. Japan became a feature of studies of public administration during the Heisei era (1989–2018). These features are basically consistent with the previous quantitative studies.

Crises no Humanitarismo Multidimensional: As Respostas Reformistas do Pilar de Paz e Segurança da ONU l Crisis on Multidimensional Humanitarianism: The Reformist Responses From The UN Peace and Security Pillar

O humanitarismo multidimensional da ONU é constantemente atingido por crises institucionais, marcadas por fraturas de legitimidade e limites orçamentários. Este artigo explora as questões-chave desses momentos a partir das reformas administrativas levadas a cabo em resposta às essas tensões. As reestruturações do pilar de paz e segurança são um mecanismo fundamental de articulação do Secretariado para contornar entraves políticos do CSNU e estabeleceram um padrão significativo de envernizamento tecnocrático das atividades encampadas nas operações de paz. Assim, conclui-se que esse padrão foi reciclado ao longo das últimas três décadas, sedimentando o largo rol multidimensional. Atualmente, esse modelo é contestado justamente por sua extensão e tendo como principal tendência emergente o eixo de estabilização. Palavras-chave: Humanitarismo Multidimensional; ONU; Reformas Administrativas.ABSTRACTUN’s multidimensional humanitarianism constantly subject of institutional crises, characterized by legitimacy fractures and budget limits. This paper explores the key-issues of these events shedding light to the administrative reforms carried out in response to these tensions. The restructuring of the peace and security pillar is a crucial articulation mechanism of the Secretariat to overcome the UNSC's political blockages and it has established a significant pattern of technocratic varnishing on the activities undertaken in peace operations. Thus, we concluded that this pattern has been recycled over the last three decades, consolidating the wide multidimensional scope. Currently, this model is contested precisely because of its extension and its main emerging trend is the stabilization axis.Keywords: Multidimensional Humanitarianism; UN; Administrative Reforms. Recebido em: 02/04/2021 | Aceito em: 24/08/2021.

Conceptualizing Epistemic Power: The Changing Relationship Between Economic Policy Paradigms and Academic Disciplines

The ways in which epistemic foundations of academic disciplines shape policy paradigms have been an understudied area. We illustrate such dynamics by focusing on paradigm shifts between economics and legal scholarship. Our case study focuses on the evolution of the Finnish corporate tax policy between 1991 and 2014 to illuminate complex policy diffusion through professions. First, in 1993, Finnish corporate tax policy was aligned with the neoclassical ideas of the time in a lawyer-driven process. Second, in the early 2000s, initiatives from the EU and the OECD provided these lawyers a new epistemic source for broadening their argumentation. Third, in the 2010s, the disciplinary base shifted from legal studies to economics, which coincided with administrative reforms emphasizing quantitative impact assessments. These transformations completed the shift from legal scholarship to economics in tax policy design, paving way to the entrance of economic theoretical arguments to tax policy discussions. Our findings highlight five overlapping and mutually reinforcing factors that shape knowledge production in expert groups that influence economic policy: (1) the extent to which politicians rely on expertise; (2) the balance of power between academic disciplines in evidence-based policy-making; (3) the disciplinary base to which the dominant expert groups rely on; (4) the shifts in the epistemological, ontological and methodological mainstream within particular disciplines; and, (5v) the extent to which international organizations are seen as epistemic versus policy-driven authorities.

RIGHTS AND GUARANTEES OF A CIVIL SERVANT

The article analyzes the legal status of civil servants in terms of the rights, state guarantees andbenefits. These elements of the legal status are presented through the prism of comparative legal studies of the legislation of more than a dozen foreign countries, taking into account the experience of legal regulation of public civil service issues both in the post-Soviet space and in foreign countries. The system of state guarantees for civil servants is currently in a state of instability, which is caused by administrative reforms, the lack of a unified state personnel policy. The system of material and financial guarantees today is an operating system that enhances the prestige of the civil service as a social and legal institution.Keywords: public servant, civil servant, legal status,rights, state guarantees, social security