scholarly journals Pneumococcal meningitis: clinical and epidemiological features, and circulating pathogens’ serotype distribution in Krasnoyarsk territory

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
G. P. Martynova ◽  
I. N. Protasova ◽  
I. A. Kutisсhheva ◽  
O. P. Ovchinnikova ◽  
N. A. Rokatansky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Epidemiological Features

scholarly journals Serotype Distribution of Remaining Pneumococcal Meningitis in the Mature PCV10/13 Period: Findings from the PSERENADE Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Garcia Quesada ◽  
Yangyupei Yang ◽  
Julia Bennett ◽  
Kyla Hayford ◽  
Scott Zeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Investigational Product ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Meningitis Belt ◽  
Serotype Replacement ◽  
Primary Series ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotype

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction has reduced pneumococcal meningitis incidence. The Pneumococcal Serotype Replacement and Distribution Estimation (PSERENADE) project described the serotype distribution of remaining pneumococcal meningitis in countries using PCV10/13 for least 5–7 years with primary series uptake above 70%. The distribution was estimated using a multinomial Dirichlet regression model, stratified by PCV product and age. In PCV10-using sites (N = 8; cases = 1141), PCV10 types caused 5% of cases <5 years of age and 15% among ≥5 years; the top serotypes were 19A, 6C, and 3, together causing 42% of cases <5 years and 37% ≥5 years. In PCV13-using sites (N = 32; cases = 4503), PCV13 types caused 14% in <5 and 26% in ≥5 years; 4% and 13%, respectively, were serotype 3. Among the top serotypes are five (15BC, 8, 12F, 10A, and 22F) included in higher-valency PCVs under evaluation. Other top serotypes (24F, 23B, and 23A) are not in any known investigational product. In countries with mature vaccination programs, the proportion of pneumococcal meningitis caused by vaccine-in-use serotypes is lower (≤26% across all ages) than pre-PCV (≥70% in children). Higher-valency PCVs under evaluation target over half of remaining pneumococcal meningitis cases, but questions remain regarding generalizability to the African meningitis belt where additional data are needed.

Sex-based differences in pneumococcal serotype distribution in adults with pneumococcal meningitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 616-619
Author(s):  
Sara P. Dias ◽  
Matthijs C. Brouwer ◽  
Merijn W. Bijlsma ◽  
Arie van der Ende ◽  
Diederik van de Beek
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Pneumococcal Serotype

scholarly journals Serotype Characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae Identified in Meningitis Cases in Sevral Asian and European Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
A. N. Oganesyan ◽  
E. A. Voropaeva ◽  
A. A. Mel'nikova ◽  
Yu. N. Urban ◽  
E. A. Egorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Comprehensive Picture

Background. The current epidemiology of pneumococcal meningitis in Ukraine, Georgia and countries of CIS is poorly studied. In order to ensure an effective vaccination strategy and post-vaccination surveillance, we examined the serotype distribution patterns of pneumococcal meningitis in the following regions: European (Ukraine, Belarus), Transcaucasian (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia), and Asian (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan). The study was performed within the program for Invasive Bacterial Diseases Sentinel Surveillance implemented in the region by WHO Regional Office for Europe. Methods. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSFs) samples were collected from patients with suspected meningitis at sentinel hospitals throughout all the regions within the period 2007 - 2016. Determination of S. pneumoniae and serogroups/serotypes in positive CSFs was performed using qPCR and mPCR. In total 3013 CSFs were tested: 2764 (91.7%) of them were collected from patients aged under 5 years, 128 (4.2%) from children aged 5 - 18 years and 121 (4.1%) from adults. Results. 6% (188) of CSFs analyzed were positive for S. pneumoniae, The PCR assay used could predict the S. pneumoniae serotypes/ serogroups for 82% (n = 154) of positive CSFs, 16% were not-typeable in our PCR scheme and for 2% serotyping was not performed. In total, 26 different serotypes/serogroups were identified. Serotypes 6A/B (21%), 14 (15%), 19F (10%), 23F (7%), 18 (A/B/C) (4%), 9V/9A (3%) and 4 (3%) were found to be the most prevalent, followed by others with a prevalence of 2% and less(6C/6D, 24(A/B/F), 19A, 5, 3,1,23A,20,2,13,31, 8, 7F/7A, 7C/7B/40, 22F/22A, 21, 15B/15C, 12F/12A/12B/44/46, 11A/11D). Conclusions. The proportion of vaccine serotypes in pneumococcal meningitis cases (vaccine coverage) amounts to 67% for PCV10 and 71% for PCV13 in all the regions, suggesting that the introduction of conjugate vaccines (PCV10 and 13) into National Immunization Programs is feasible. Post-vaccine introduction surveillance supported will be essential. Post-vaccine introduction surveillance and monitoring of changes in serotype S. pneumoniae distribution in cases with invasive pneumococcal disease and in healthy carriers is essential to assess the vaccination effectiveness and to provide a comprehensive picture of the vaccination impact on pneumococcal serotype distribution in the region.

Clinicopathologic and epidemiological features of cor biloculare

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S72-S72
Author(s):  
Ruilin Yan ◽  
Guangtao Xu ◽  
Xiaoyan Pan ◽  
Xinmei Zhou ◽  
Meiliang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Features

Assessment of Risk Factors for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 among Iranian Patients

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Medication History ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Hookah Smoking ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Iranian Patients

Background: The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a major concern for those who are more vulnerable to infections. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the most important risk factors for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: This retrospective study included information on clinical and epidemiological features of 105 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalized in Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Initially, the medical records of the patients were investigated, and an interview was conducted based on a pre-prepared checklist to seek information about symptoms, past medical history, medication history, and behavior before hospitalization. Results: Out of 105 participants, 76 (72.5%) cases were male, and 54 (51.4%) patients were older than 54 years old. The majority of the patients (n=18; 17.1%) had both hypertension and diabetes (n=12; 11.4%). Metformin (n=36; 34.3%) was the most used medication amongst the studied patient. In addition, 24 (22.9%) patients were recreational hookah smokers, and the majority (75%) of them were under the age of 46 years old. Eventually, 19 patients were excluded from the study, of whom 11 individuals had diabetes, and 10 cases were using metformin. Conclusion: Apparently, hookah smoking played a critical role in the spread of COVID-19 in Iran and has made younger people more susceptible. In addition to older age, the immunosuppressive effects of Metformin seem to make diabetic patients with an impaired immune system more vulnerable to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. More studies on the immune system of vulnerable individuals by identifying their differences can help to protect them.

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