scholarly journals Characteristics of post-vaccination immunity in students vaccinated against hepatitis B in the first year of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
O. V. Shamsheva ◽  
E. O. Kochetova ◽  
I. V. Polesko ◽  
O. A. Mayorova ◽  
V. V. Belyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
First Year ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Standard Scheme ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Continue Monitoring

Most researchers agree that the level of protective anti-HBs decreases with age after 3-fold immunization in the first year of life, which requires the introduction of a booster dose at least 5—7 years after the completed vaccination. It is necessary to continue monitoring those vaccinated against hepatitis B in the first year of life, including those from occupational risk groups.Objective: to assess the frequency and level of anti-HBs 18 or more years after the completed course of vaccination against hepatitis B according to the standard scheme in the first year of life and to identify risk groups that need revaccination.Of 116 donor students in Moscow, 18—22 years after the completed course of vaccination against hepatitis B according to the standard scheme carried out in the first year of life, in 42.3% of cases, the titer of specific antibodies was determined below the protective level (< 10 mME/ml). At the same time, the share of seronegative individuals among medical students was higher (52.8%). Of 116 donor students, in 38.8% of cases, the titer of protective antibodies was determined in low (10—100 mME/ml) and only in 13.8% — in high (100—1000 mME/ml) and in 5.2% — very high (> 1000 mME/ml) values. Markers of DNA HBV, HBsAg, and anti-HBcor were not detected in any cases. Medical students primarily need a revaccination against hepatitis B without a preliminary study of the initial titers of specific antibodies.

scholarly journals Assessing Neo-Natal Mortality Trends in Pakistan: An Insight Using Equity Lens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Dawood ◽  
Naeem Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Graph Type ◽  
Natal Mortality ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Background: Almost 2.5 million children died in the first year of life in the year 2017. These account for almost half of the total deaths of children under the age of five years. Overall, child mortality has declined over the past two decades. Comparatively, the pace of decline in neonatal mortality has remained much slow. Significant inequalities in health across a number of dimensions – including wealth, ethnicity, and geography – continue to exist both between and within countries, and these contribute to neonatal mortality. This study aims to quantify the magnitude of inequalities in neonatal mortality trends by wealth quintile and place of residence with province wise segregation. Methods: The study was done using raw data from the last three Pakistan Demographic & Health Surveys (20017-18, 2012-13 and 2006-7). The concentration curves were drawn in Microsoft Excel 365 using scatter plot as graph type while the frequencies were calculated using SPSS 24. Results: The situation of inequity across provinces and in rural vs urban areas has slightly declined, however, gross inequities continue to exist.Conclusions: Presentation of outcomes data, such as neonatal mortality in various wealth quintiles is an effective way to highlight the inequities amongst income groups as it highlights the vulnerable and at-risk groups. In other countries, rural-urban distribution, or ethnic groups may also reflect similar differences and help in identifying high-risk groups.

scholarly journals Absence of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C-Specific Antibodies during the First Year of Life in The Netherlands: an Age Group at Risk?

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1521-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richarda M. de Voer ◽  
Fiona R. M. van der Klis ◽  
Laetitia E. M. Niers ◽  
Ger T. Rijkers ◽  
Guy A. M. Berbers
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Functional Antibodies ◽  
First Year Of Life

ABSTRACT In The Netherlands, a single meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MenCC) vaccination is administered to children at the age of 14 months. Here, we report the levels of MenC polysaccharide-specific antibodies in children at birth and at 3, 11, and 12 months of age and the presence of functional antibodies at 11 months of age, before infants receive their MenCC immunization. We observed a rapid decline in polysaccharide-specific antibodies after birth and no induction of naturally elicited polysaccharide-specific antibodies. Furthermore, at 11 months of age, no bactericidal antibodies are observed. These data indicate that these infants may be at risk in the period prior to MenCC immunization, if Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C starts to (re)circulate.

scholarly journals Long-Term Pertussis-Specific Immunity after Primary Vaccination with a Combined Diphtheria, Tetanus, Tricomponent Acellular Pertussis, and Hepatitis B Vaccine in Comparison with That after Natural Infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 4516-4520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Esposito ◽  
Tiziano Agliardi ◽  
Anna Giammanco ◽  
Giacomo Faldella ◽  
Antonio Cascio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
First Year ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Booster Immunization ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
First Year Of Life

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to compare pertussis-specific humoral and cellular immunity in children 5 years after a primary vaccination with a combined diphtheria, tetanus, tricomponent acellular pertussis, and hepatitis B vaccine (DTaP-HBV; InfanrixHepB; SmithKline Beecham) with immunity after natural infection. The subjects were 38 children aged 5 to 6 years who received DTaP-HBV at 3, 5, and 11 months of life and 21 subjects of similar ages and sex who acquired pertussis in the first year of life. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers againstBordetella pertussis antigens, peripheral blood mononuclear cell-specific proliferation, and the secretion of cytokines were evaluated. After 5 years, only a small proportion of vaccinated and infected children had significant specific concentrations of IgG in serum against all three B. pertussis antigens, and T-cell responses persisted in a minority of subjects. A preferential type 1 cytokine response with the secretion of gamma interferon was observed in the pertussis group, whereas a type 2 skewed response was observed in the vaccinated children; however, the quantitative differences in the cytokines produced by DTaP-HBV and natural infection were minimal. In conclusion, our results show that the immune responses induced by primary pertussis vaccination are qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those seen in children who recovered from natural infection and highlight the need for booster immunization with pertussis vaccines in order to maintain adequate levels of a specific immune response to B. pertussis.

scholarly journals Analysis of diagnostic-therapeutic results after the first year of life in children of hearing disturbance risk groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wiatr ◽  
Sebastian Kocoń ◽  
Patryk Hartwich ◽  
Paweł Stręk ◽  
Jacek Składzień ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
First Year ◽  
Hearing Disorders ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Congenital Cmv

Introduction: It is assumed that the critical period for diagnosis of hearing disorders is the baby's first three months of life and that appropriate course and implementation of treatment and/or rehabilitation should begin before a child is six months old. However various kinds of problems may occur during auditory screening of a child may exceed this interval. Aim: The aim of this study was an evaluation of auditory screening results for children over 12 months old with congenital hearing loss. Material and methods: Results from 250 children were analyzed retrospectively. The study group consisted of children between one and three months old observed between 2015-2016. For the purpose of this analysis we divided the patients into four groups: children with Down Syndrome, children with nervous system disorders , children with cleft palate or both cleft palate and lip and children with congenital CMV. To discuss performed diagnostics and treatment two groups of children were esteblished: • with implementation of appropriate course of treatment • without instituted treatment Results: 250 children were examined in Level III NICUs in the years 2015 – 2016. The highest proportion of children with the implemented course of proceedings, was in groups with children with congenital CMV (71.1%). The highest proportion of children substituted with a hearing prosthesis was observed in the group of children with Down Syndrome. The lowest proportion of children with the implemented course of proceedings, was in groups with children with cleft palate or both cleft palate and lip (41.6%). Conclusions: • Early implementation of treatment and/or rehabilitation in children with hearing disorders is crucial to prevent depression of speech and psychological development. I t is important in children with cleft palate or both cleft palate and lip even if surgical correction is discussed. • The highest proportion of children with the implemented course of proceedings, was in groups with children with congenital CMV. This children should be observed despite of right results of hearing tests. • In children with nervous system disorders 1 year period of observation is too short to exclude problems with hearing.

scholarly journals Stability of ABR Wave V Threshold in Early Hearing Diagnostics in Children from Selected Groups at Risk of Congenital Hearing Loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kocoń ◽  
Konrad Skórkiewicz ◽  
Paweł Stręk ◽  
Remigiusz Ziarno ◽  
Jacek Składzień ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
First Year ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
First Year Of Life

<b>Introduction:</b> Upon hearing that the “little” patient has trouble with hearing, we are mostly interested in the level of his hearing threshold. When the child is in the first year of life, results can only be achieved by means of ABR test. Subsequent control tests, especially in children from the hearing loss risk groups selected in this study, show that the obtained outcomes are subject to fluctuations. Their fluctuating nature is manifested by the instability of wave V threshold in subsequent diagnostic periods. Such variability often delays the implementation of the appropriate proceeding. Knowledge of the dissimilarity of behavior of the wave V threshold occurring in individual groups at risk of hearing loss allows for the correct interpretation of the obtained results, and thus, effective therapeutic measures. <br><b>Aim:</b> The aim of the paper is to analyze the stability of wave V threshold during the first year of life in children from selected risk groups for congenital hearing disorders. <br><b>Material and methods:</b> From the patient population of 2,114 individuals examined in 2015–2016 at a reference center participating in the Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening Program in 2015–2016, the results of 250 children were subjected to retrospective analysis. Furthermore, 4 groups of little patients were formed (children with Down syndrome; children with other diseases or damage to the nervous system; children with cleft palate or cleft lip and cleft palate; children with congenital cytomegaly) in whom diagnostic practice revealed variable results of the wave V threshold. We analyzed the results of tests obtained during the first year of the child’s life divided into 4 diagnostic periods. <br><b>Results:</b> The highest percentage of instability in the established threshold of wave V between individual diagnostic periods occurred in the group of children with cleft palate or cleft lip and cleft palate. In the group of children with Down syndrome, it was observed that the instability of the ABR test results decreased over time. In the group of children with other diseases or damage of the nervous system, the highest percentage of the lack of stable ABR wave V thresholds was observed between the 1st and 2nd as well the 1st and 4th diagnostic periods. On the other hand, in the group of children with congenital CMV, there was a relatively low percentage of instability of results. <br><b>Conclusions:</b> (1) Although the ABR test is a diagnostic standard, in particular groups of patients the study is burdened with high variability of measurement results in subsequent diagnostic periods. Such a group of patients are children with cleft palate or cleft lip and cleft palate; therefore, it must receive particular attention in treatment planning; (2) in selected groups at risk of hearing loss, due to the high percentage of children with hearing impairment (70%), the validity of performing newborn hearing screening tests was confirmed.

scholarly journals Assessing Neo-natal mortality trends in Pakistan: An insight using Equity Lens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Dawood ◽  
Naeem Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Graph Type ◽  
Natal Mortality ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract BackgroundAlmost 2.5 million children died in the first year of life in the year 2017. These account for almost half of the total deaths of children under the age of five years. Overall, child mortality has declined over the past two decades. Comparatively, the pace of decline in neonatal mortality has remained much slow. Significant inequalities in health across a number of dimensions – including wealth, ethnicity, and geography – continue to exist both between and within countries, and these contribute to neonatal mortality. This study aims to quantify the magnitude of inequalities in neonatal mortality trends by wealth quintile and place of residence with province wise segregation. MethodsThe study was done using raw data from the last three Pakistan Demographic & Health Surveys (20017-18, 2012-13 and 2006-7). The concentration curves were drawn in Microsoft Excel 365 using scatter plot as graph type while the frequencies were calculated using SPSS 24. ResultsThe situation of inequity across provinces and in rural vs urban areas has slightly declined, however, gross inequities continue to exist.ConclusionsPresentation of outcomes data, such as neonatal mortality in various wealth quintiles is an effective way to highlight the inequities amongst income groups as it highlights the vulnerable and at-risk groups. In other countries, rural-urban distribution, or ethnic groups may also reflect similar differences and help in identifying high-risk groups.

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