scholarly journals Finansowe i społeczne aspekty prywatyzacji oszczędności emerytalnych

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Grażyna Ancyparowicz
Keyword(s):  
General Government

Prywatyzacja funduszy emerytalnych w Polsce rozpoczęła się w 1999 r., kiedy system zdefiniowanego świadczenia zastąpiono systemem zdefiniowanej składki, w następnych latach sukcesywnie likwidując niemal wszystkie uprawnienia pracownicze. Podział składki między OFE a ZUS wygenerował ogromny (sięgający 300 mld zł) dług publiczny, którego obsługa była rujnująca dla budżetu państwa. Pod presją procedury nadmiernego deficytu, nałożonej na Polskę przez Unię Europejską, zainicjowano proces likwidacji tych funduszy, aby poprawić wynik polskiego sektora general government, co zakończyło się powodzeniem, ale prowadziłoby w kilkunastoletniej perspektywie do całkowitej likwidacji OFE. Może temu zapobiec „Plan Budowy Kapitału”, który polega na wzmocnieniu rynku kapitałowego, ale niesie za sobą poważne ryzyko zagrożenia ubóstwem i wywłaszczenia osób, które weszły na rynek pracy po 1990 r. lub później. Prywatyzacja aktywów OFE przekreśla bowiem szanse na wzmocnienie publicznego systemu zabezpieczenia społecznego, a nowe obciążenia związane z przymusowym tworzeniem kapitałowego filara emerytalnego mogą negatywnie wpłynąć na kondycję i rozwój małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych i usługowych, a tym samym znacznie osłabić potencjał realnej sfery polskiej gospodarki.

CURRENT STATE OF REGULATION OF INTERNAL FINANCIAL CONTROL AND INTERNAL FINANCIAL AUDIT IN THE BUDGET SECTOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
D. R. GINIYATULLINA ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Budget Process ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
General Government ◽  
Financial Audit

Since 2013, there has been an active transformation of the regulatory framework related to the implementation of international standards of internal audit in Russian practice, which regulates the organization and implementation of internal financial control and internal financial audit in the general government sector. However, the regulatory framework is constantly undergoing changes that are associated with the need to take into account the specifics of the functioning of these organizations. Particular attention is paid to the development of the methodological foundations of internal financial control and audit on the basis of amendments made by the Federal Law of July 26.07.2019, 199-FZ to the Budget Code of the Russian Federation. In particular, internal financial control was removed from the budgetary powers of participants in the budget process. When these changes were implemented, a lot of questions arose, such as the exclusion of internal financial control as a separate budgetary authority means that this type of control can be omitted, journals and internal control cards are not kept.

Trends in the European Monetary Union. An Overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092110161
Author(s):  
Papageorgiou Christos ◽  
Anastasiou Athanasios ◽  
Liargovas Panagiotis
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Union ◽  
European Monetary Union ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
European Monetary ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Average Value ◽  
General Government ◽  
Government Deficit ◽  
The Mean

Four indicators corresponding to the four targets of the European Monetary Union were calculated. The study showed that: (a) concerning the deviation of state’s general government deficit/surplus from 3% of gross domestic product (GDP), all member states had reached their target, with the exception of Cyprus, which was slightly under the target, (b) concerning the deviation of state’s general government debt from 60% of GDP, half of all European Union (EU) member states did not reach their targets, and there was a lot to be done, especially from the EU15 member states, (c) concerning the deviation of state’s inflation rate from the mean of the three states with best results of +1.5%, it was observed that the average value of EU28 member states had reached the final target, mainly due to the performances of the EU15 member states, (d) and concerning the deviation of state’s interest rate from the mean of the three states with the best results of +2%, it was observed that the average value of EU28 member states had reached the final target.

scholarly journals Economic Growth in the Euro Zone Countries and Other Member States of the European Union in the Years 2006 - 2017 - Comparative Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Dobrowolski ◽  
Grzegorz Pawłowski
Keyword(s):  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Common Currency ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Euro Zone ◽  
Final Consumption ◽  
National Currencies ◽  
General Government ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Common

The aim of the conducted research is to verify III hypotheses. Hypothesis I: changes in GDP and its components should demonstrate higher dynamics in the euro zone countries than in countries using national currencies, taking into account differences in their level of economic development. Hypothesis II: in countries that joined the euro zone during the period under examination, the analyzed indicators should demonstrate higher dynamics after the adoption of the common currency. Hypothesis III: the index of final consumption expenditure of general government should demonstrate lower dynamics in the euro zone countries and a decline in dynamics after the adoption of the euro in the countries that have done so during the period considered. Statistical material was analyzed. Data on GDP dynamics, investments, final consumption expenditure of households and non-profit institutions serving households (later referred to as: "final consumption expenditure"), final consumption expenditure of general government, export and import were used. The research methods used were: the method of analysis and logical construction and a statistical one. The hypotheses tested were only partially confirmed.

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