scholarly journals Identification and partial characterization of a novel circular transcript of the Tc2n gene from rat mammary gland

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Zhu ◽  
YanHong Wang ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Jia Chen ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Partial Characterization ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Rat Mammary Gland ◽  
Gland Development

The regulatory mechanism of mammary gland development and lactation is important, as lactation not only provides healthy milk for infants, but also provides health benefits to mothers. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have recently received much attention, but only a few have been functionally characterized. In the present study, the structure and expression profile of a rat Tc2n-derived circular RNA (cTc2n) was investigated by several protocols. The cTc2n comprised exons10 and 11 of the Tc2ngeneandhad no poly(A)structure. The expression of cTc2n was significantly higher in the mammary gland of rat than in other tissues, including the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, uterus and ovary. The abundance of cTc2n was the highest on day 1, and significantly declined on day 7, slightly increasing on day 21 postpartum. This finding indicates that cTc2n might play an important role in lactation.

Characterization of WWOX inactivation in murine mammary gland development

2013 ◽  
Vol 228 (7) ◽  
pp. 1391-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhaib K. Abdeen ◽  
Zaidoun Salah ◽  
Saleh Khawaled ◽  
Rami I. Aqeilan
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
Gland Development

scholarly journals A quantitative RT-PCR study of the mRNA expression profile of the IGF axis during mammary gland development

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Boutinaud ◽  
JH Shand ◽  
MA Park ◽  
K Phillips ◽  
J Beattie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Normal Mammary Gland ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Mrna Expression Profile ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Gland Development

We have used quantitative RT-PCR to analyse the mRNA expression profile of the major components of the IGF axis in different stages of murine mammary gland development, including late pregnancy, lactation and involution. We have shown that all the genes studied, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF receptor (IGFR) and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1 to -6, were expressed in every stage, albeit at greatly differing levels and displaying unique expression profiles between developmental stages. IGF-I was always expressed at significantly higher levels than either IGF-II or IGFR. This suggests that IGF-I may be the more important IGF during mammary morphogenesis. Overall, IGFBP-3 demonstrated the highest level of expression of any of the IGFBP genes throughout all the developmental stages studied. However, within developmental stages, by far the highest level of expression of any of the IGFBPs was that of IGFBP-5 at day 2 of involution; this was almost an order of magnitude higher than any of the other IGFBP levels recorded. This corroborated our previous findings that the levels of IGFBP-5 protein are highly elevated in the involuting mammary gland, and demonstrated that this up-regulation of IGFBP-5 operates at the level of transcriptional control or message stability. Comparison of the expression profile for these different genes would strongly suggest that they are likely to have differential functions throughout mammary gland development, and also highlights potential interactions and co-regulation between different members of this axis. In addition, our results have identified some similarities and differences in the expression of IGFBPs between the mouse mammary epithelial cell line, HC11, and the normal mammary gland which are worthy of study, most notably the differential regulation of IGFBP-2 and the site of expression of IGFBP-4 and -6. Overall, this study has demonstrated the importance and complexity of the IGF axis during mammary gland development and provides a valuable resource for future research in this area.

Characterization of mammary gland development in pregnant gilts1

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ji ◽  
W. L. Hurley ◽  
S. W. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
Gland Development

scholarly journals Progesterone Receptor Isoforms and Proliferation in the Rat Mammary Gland during Development

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
pp. 2723-2736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Kariagina ◽  
Mark D. Aupperlee ◽  
Sandra Z. Haslam
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Normal Mammary Gland ◽  
Rat Mammary Gland ◽  
Gland Development

Progesterone (P), acting through progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms A and B, plays an important role in normal mammary gland development and is implicated in the etiology of breast cancer. Because of significant similarities between human and rat mammary gland development and hormonal responsiveness of mammary cancers, we investigated P action in the rat mammary gland. By immunohistochemical methods we determined PRA and PRB expression at puberty, sexual maturity, pregnancy, and lactation and after postlactational involution and their functional roles in the regulation of proliferation. PRA expression was restricted to luminal epithelial cells, whereas PRB was expressed in both luminal and myoepithelial cells, indicating a novel role of PRB in myoepithelial cell regulation. The majority of PRA-positive (PRA+) cells coexpressed PRB. In the pubertal and adult virgin mammary gland, PRA+PRB+ cells also expressed nuclear cyclin D1 but did not contain the proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine. Based on a lack of phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein expression and the expression patterns of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27 in these cells, we conclude that PRA+PRB+ cells appear to be cell cycle arrested and do not proliferate. PRA+ cells were decreased in the adult gland and during and after pregnancy. The percentage of PRB+ cells was relatively constant throughout development, and in a significant proportion of cells, only PRB was detected. During development, and especially during pregnancy, a high percentage of PRB+ cells were positive for bromodeoxyuridine. From this observation, we conclude that these cells proliferate and that P acting through PRB may directly stimulate proliferation.

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