scholarly journals Chemistry in Serbian journals in the second half of the 19th century

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 305-312
Author(s):  
Stanko Cvjeticanin ◽  
Ruza Halasi ◽  
Tibor Halasi ◽  
Jasna Adamov

The aim of this paper is selection and analysis of articles with chemistry content in selected Serbian journals in the second half of the 19th century, which were aimed towards general public, in order to get insight into the level and quality of additional chemistry informing of readers. Two journals were selected, that contained entertaining, literature and scientific content ('Sedmica' and 'Vila'), and two other, with entertainment and literature nature ('Danica' and 'Matica'). The analyzed journals primarily addressed the general public and played an important role in readers' information and education. Historical method was applied in this research. The above-mentioned journals were analyzed separately, with the short historical survey. Complete editions of these journals were analyzed, and the selection of articles was made according to the textual content or the title itself. The chemistry content presented in these journals is of the great variety. Among other things, interesting comments of the chemical schoolbooks are found, as well as lectures on science.

Author(s):  
Agnes Delahaye

Broadly defined, histories of the Atlantic world are works of historical research on the circulation of bodies, commodities, and ideas around and across the many regions of the Atlantic Basin from the late 15th century until the middle of the 19th century. Atlantic history, under which these histories may be grouped, has emerged as a full-fledged unit of historical research through a series of historiographic debates and innovations at the end of the last century, when historians questioned the assumptions and the limits of the imperial and national paradigms of their predecessors. Atlantic history therefore defines a historical method intent on revealing the profound interconnectedness between Africa, the Americas, and Europe, beyond the traditional frameworks of the nation-state and the empire, to uncover the changes undergone by people, places, and environments since exchanges began between these vast areas. Atlantic histories are transnational, comparative, and often interdisciplinary, engaging many fields in pursuit of their enquiries. The complexity and the diversity of these disciplines and their respective, interlocking historiographies are attested by the number and variety of bibliographies on Atlantic subjects in this online collection. This bibliography, in turn, builds a genealogy of Atlantic history and organizes its evolution in broad thematic categories, to offer the reader a selection of resources, individual essays, monographs, and collaborative publications directly and explicitly addressing the relevance of Atlantic methods and perspectives and the historical significance of European expansion since the beginnings of transatlantic shipping. We begin with an overview of the founding debates of the wide and dynamic field of Atlantic history and a selection of textbooks, resources, and journals, illustrating and referencing the vast quantity of transnational and comparative research it has generated. The second part of this bibliography proposes a series of broad categories under which this extensive scholarship may be gathered, with references illustrating the practices and the issues raised by the specialists in each field and each period: first, the issue of encounter in the Age of discovery and then the circulation of people and the formation of slave and migrant societies in and around the Atlantic Basin until the middle of the 19th century, followed by the circulation of commodities and the formation of merchant and trading networks that accompanied transatlantic trade and development. This bibliography ends on the circulations of ideas and cultures over the same period and points to the importance of postcolonial and imperial historiographies in recent social, cultural and material histories of the Atlantic world.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Ahmad Tohri ◽  
H. Habibuddin ◽  
Abdul Rasyad

This article discusses the Sasak people’s resistance against MataramKarangasem and Dutch colonial rulers in the 19th century in Lombok, Indonesia. It particularly focuses on Tuan Guru Umar Kelayu and his central role in the emergence of Sasak people’s resistance which transformed into Sasak physical revolution local and global imperialismcolonialism. Using the historical method, this article collected data through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data analysis involved the historical methods of heuristics, verification or criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The findings show that Sasak people’s resistance was not only caused by economic factors but also related to other factors such as social, cultural, and religious ones. Tuan Guru Umar Kelayu played a key role in the Sasak people’s resistance in that it was under his leadership and influence that the resistance transformed into a physical struggle against MataramKarangasem and Dutch colonialism as seen in Sakra War and Praya War which were led by his students and friends.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Soufflet-Freslon ◽  
Emilie Araou ◽  
Julien Jeauffre ◽  
Tatiana Thouroude ◽  
Annie Chastellier ◽  
...  

AbstractBlooming seasonality is an important trait in ornamental plants and was selected by humans. Wild roses flower only in spring whereas most cultivated modern roses can flower continuously. This trait is explained by a mutation of a floral repressor gene, RoKSN, a TFL1 homologue. In this work, we studied the origin, the diversity and the selection of the RoKSN gene. We analyzed 270 accessions, including wild and old cultivated Asian and European roses as well as modern roses. By sequencing the RoKSN gene, we proposed that the allele responsible for continuous-flowering, RoKSNcopia, originated from Chinese wild roses (Indicae section), with a recent insertion of the copia element. Old cultivated Asian roses with the RoKSNcopia allele were introduced in Europe, and the RoKSNcopia allele was progressively selected during the 19th and 20th centuries, leading to continuous-flowering modern roses. Furthermore, we detected a new allele, RoKSNA181, leading to a weak reblooming. This allele encodes a functional floral repressor and is responsible for a moderate accumulation of RoKSN transcripts. A transient selection of this RoKSNA181 allele was observed during the 19th century. Our work highlights the selection of different alleles at the RoKSN locus for recurrent blooming in rose.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Maślak-Maciejewska

The book contains a selection of eighty eight sermons (so-called exhortations) for the Jewish youth, which were written in Galicia at the end of the 19th century and in the first decades of the 20th century. They constituted part of religious education of Jewish students who attended secular primary and secondary schools. The authors of the sermons were teachers such as Natan Szyper, Arnold Friedman or Samuel Wolf Guttman who was the preacher of the progressive synagogue in Lviv.


2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-800
Author(s):  
GOEUN CHOI ◽  
BYEONG-HEE MIHN ◽  
YONG SAM LEE

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-374
Author(s):  
M. Mihaylov

The direction related with production of vine planting material originated from the 19th century, after the advent of Phylloxera vastatrix F. in which a large part of the vineyards in Bulgaria and the main wine-growing countries were destroyed. Only solution was proposed for grafting vine varieties from Vitis vinifera L. on resistant rootstocks. A number of biological characteristics of the vine influence both the nursery for scions and the rootstock nursery. One of them, which is main is the affinity of different rootstocks on the different vine varieties. In the southern Bulgaria, where the Mavrud variety is characteristic, high losses are observed due to the low yield of first-class vines. In Bulgaria, the Mavrud variety is highly valued due to its biological qualities, resulting in extracts and dense red wines that have glorified our country.


Author(s):  
Erling Isholm

The potato became an important crop in the Faroe Islands early in the 19th century and subsequently vital in the 1820s and 1830s, when crofters started to enclose and cultivate small plots of land. These plots of land were crucial in ensuring population growth and in extending cultivated land. Local officials followed these events closely. During the 1830s problems emerged concerning the quality of seed potatoes and the limited supply, problems which only intensified as time passed. Concern was raised by one sheriff that difficulties in finding new seeds would prevent the expanding cultivation, whilst others worried that the deterioration in seed quality would result in a decline in growth, thus jeopardizing the livelihood of crofters. In this article the story of seed potatoes purchased by governor Pløyen in Orkney in 1839 is followed. The point being made is that by acquiring these seed potatoes the authorities ensured that the progress of the previous 20 years continued. Furthermore, the purchasing of a shipment of seed potatoes is linked to other modernization plans for Faroese society, which governor Pløyen and others worked on at the time. For these plans to succeed, it was vital to ensure the living conditions of the crofter families as change would not emerge from the old peasant society.


Author(s):  
Aaron P. West ◽  
David W. Rosen

Abstract A process planning method is presented in this paper to aid stereolithography users in the selection of appropriate values of build process variables in order to achieve specific goals and characteristics that are desirable in the end prototype. To accomplish this, user-defined input in the form of goal preferences and feature tolerances are used to control how the prototype will be built by way of process planning. The user inputs will be used to drive the creation of the process plan so that a prototype is produced, which reflects the intent of the operator. The process planning method is adapted from multi-objective optimization and utilizes empirical data, analytical models, and heuristics to quantitatively relate build process variables to goals of surface finish, accuracy, and build time. The objective is to render decision support by handling tradeoffs among conflicting goals quantitatively and give the user some degree of insight into what quality of prototype may ultimately be produced. The process planning method is demonstrated on a part with non-trivial geometric features.


2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Dias

This article seeks to explain how economic and local political structures shaped the ways in which public officials articulated ideas of race and labor in the nineteenth century Brazil. Employing a comparative historical method, this work advances the literature in two ways. First, it suggests that what we have come to view as a positive valuation of blackness has roots in the economic development prior to the centralized nation-building processes. Second, the findings of this study point to the effects of intra-national factors, such as economic structures and patterns of labor incorporation, in shaping how regional public officials articulated notions of “race,” labor, and progress.


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