scholarly journals Computed tomography angiography findings of abdominal aortic disease: A review of emergencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 393-400
Author(s):  
Mirela Jukovic ◽  
Aleksandra Mijatovic ◽  
Ivana Stojic ◽  
Ljiljana Drazetin ◽  
Maja Stankov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Aortic Disease ◽  
Occlusive Disease ◽  
Tunica Media ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Threatening

Introduction. The aorta is a major blood vessel that supplies all segments of the human body. Acute aortic syndrome is a term that implies a life-threatening aortic disease. Due to the speed of examination and widespread availability, computed tomography angiography is a front-line diagnostic modality for emergencies and diseases of the abdominal aorta. The aim of this study was to provide a wide range of potentially life-threatening abnormalities of the abdominal aorta in daily clinical and radiological practice through a series of computed tomography angiography images and three-dimensional virtual reconstruction. Abdominal aortic aneurysm is defined as a 50% increase in diameter more than the normal arterial diameter. One of the most important complications of an aneurysm is a rupture that can be acute or chronic, presenting with various clinical manifestations. Aortic dissections are caused by abnormality of the tunica media layer, forming an intimal-medial flap and two types of lumen. A penetrating aortic ulcer may erode through the internal elastic lamina of the aortic wall and allow formation of hematoma within the tunica media. Occlusive disease of the abdominal aorta may refer to the late stage of chronic aortoiliac occlusive disease, whereas the acute and/or subacute form occurs due to sudden thrombosis or occlusion. Conclusion. The recognition of specific radiological signs of abdominal aortic disease using computed tomography angiography contributes to optimal treatment of patients and reduces mortality.

scholarly journals Data augmentation for computed tomography angiography via synthetic image generation and neural domain adaptation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Seemann ◽  
Lennart Bargsten ◽  
Alexander Schlaefer
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Domain Adaptation ◽  
Synthetic Image ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDeep learning methods produce promising results when applied to a wide range of medical imaging tasks, including segmentation of artery lumen in computed tomography angiography (CTA) data. However, to perform sufficiently, neural networks have to be trained on large amounts of high quality annotated data. In the realm of medical imaging, annotations are not only quite scarce but also often not entirely reliable. To tackle both challenges, we developed a two-step approach for generating realistic synthetic CTA data for the purpose of data augmentation. In the first step moderately realistic images are generated in a purely numerical fashion. In the second step these images are improved by applying neural domain adaptation. We evaluated the impact of synthetic data on lumen segmentation via convolutional neural networks (CNNs) by comparing resulting performances. Improvements of up to 5% in terms of Dice coefficient and 20% for Hausdorff distance represent a proof of concept that the proposed augmentation procedure can be used to enhance deep learning-based segmentation for artery lumen in CTA images.

scholarly journals Evaluation of preoperative computed tomography angiography in association with conventional angiography versus computed tomography angiography only, in the endovascular treatment of aortic diseases

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Bastos Metzger ◽  
Eduardo Rafael Novero ◽  
Fabio Henrique Rossi ◽  
Samuel Martins Moreira ◽  
Frederico Augusto Linhares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Technical Success ◽  
Aortic Diseases ◽  
Conventional Angiography ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

Objective To evaluate the association of conventional angiography (AG) with computed tomography angiography (CTA) as compared with CTA only, preoperatively, in the treatment of aortic diseases. Materials and Methods Retrospective study involving patients submitted to endovascular treatment of aortic diseases, in the period from January 2009 to July 2010, with use of preoperative CTA + conventional AG or CTA only. The patients were divided into two groups, namely: G1 – thoracic aortic diseases; and G2 – abdominal aortic diseases. G1 was subdivided into 1A (preoperative AG + CTA) and 1B (preoperative CTA). G2 was subdivided into 2C (CTA + AG) and 2D (CTA only). Results The authors evaluated 156 patients. In subgroups 1A and 1B, the rate of technical success was, respectively, 100% and 94.7% (p = 1.0); and the rate of therapeutic success was, respectively, 81% and 58% (p = 0.13). A higher number of complications were observed in subgroup 1B (p = 0.057). The accuracy in the calculation of the prosthesis was higher in subgroup 1A (p = 0.065). In their turn, the rate of technical success in subgroups 2C and 2D was, respectively, 92.3% and 98.6% (p = 0.17). The rate of therapeutic success was 73% and 98.6% (p = 0.79). Conclusion Preoperative conventional AG should be reserved for cases where CTA cannot provide all the information in the planning of a therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Imaging techniques in the assessment of endovascular infrarenal abdominal aortic repair

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Spasic ◽  
Viktor Till ◽  
Marijana Basta-Nikolic ◽  
Djordje Milosevic ◽  
Darka Hadnadjev-Simonji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Computed Tomography Angiography ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
First Year ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Diagnostic Modality ◽  
Aortic Repair ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

Introduction. Imaging is essential in the assessment of endovascular infrarenal abdominal aortic repair results. Complications include endoleaks, graft migration, kinking and infolding, stenosis, occlusion, and secondary ruptures. Examination Modalities. Contemporary imaging strategies are based on using noninvasive imaging modalities. After endovascular infrarenal abdominal aortic repair, the standard evaluation modality is computed tomography angiography, whereas additional modalities include magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and radiography. However, although an invasive imaging method, digital subtraction angiography is still performed in some patients. Computed tomography angiography provides excellent contrast, spatial resolution, and exact measurements of structures of interest, which is essential in the follow-up. Follow-up Protocol. Currently recommended follow-up protocol in the first year is contrast- enhanced computed tomography imaging at 1 and 12 months after the procedure. Conclusion. Due to its characteristics, reproducibility and availability, computed tomography angiography remains the cornerstone diagnostic modality of post-procedural assessment in patients with endovascular infrarenal abdominal aortic repair.

scholarly journals Ankle edema after administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-26
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Kontoangelos ◽  
Marina Ecomomou ◽  
Charalambos Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Psychotropic Medication ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Selective Serotonin ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Threatening

Clinical manifestations of drug-induced skin reactions include a wide range of symptoms, from mild drug-induced exanthemas to dangerous and life-threatening generalized systematic reactions. Drug-induced skin reactions to psychotropic medication are usually associated with antiepileptic drugs. However, a significant role can be assigned to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. We report a case of a female patient, who after approximately one month therapy with escitalopram developed a bilateral ankle edema, which resolved completely within the first week following its discontinuation. Although serious complications are rare, clinicians should be aware of severe skin complications in patients treated with antidepressants, which necessitate careful clinical monitoring and management. Individualization of pharmacotherapy is crucial, together with regular evaluation of safety and tolerance of the treatment.

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