scholarly journals Establishment of local diagnostic reference levels for typical radiography examinations in the west region of Croatia

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Segota ◽  
Ana Diklic ◽  
Slaven Jurkovic
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Levels ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
X Ray ◽  
West Region ◽  
Public Health Institutions ◽  
Patient Doses ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Entrance Surface Air Kerma

Majority of health institutions in Croatia do not have medical physicists in diagnostic radiology. Regarding this, in the west region of Croatia collaboration between public health institution and University Hospital Rijeka was initiated in 2015. Quality Assurance program was implemented in these public health institutions during 2015 and 2016 and the next step was to assess patient doses for the most frequent X-ray examinations. This included five public health institutions: 1 university hospital, 1 general hospital, 1 special hospital, 2 public health institutions with 13 facilities. The aim of this study was to carry out assessment of patient doses and to establish local diagnostic reference levels of entrance surface air kerma for every institution for six most frequent X-ray examinations. Also, local diagnostic reference levels for the whole west region of Croatia were established and compared with the national diagnostic reference levels and latest published data. Median entrance surface air kerma values for thorax PA, thorax LAT, cervical spine AP, thoracic spine AP, lumbar spine AP, pelvis AP and sinuses are 0.14 mGy, 0.50 mGy, 0.52 mGy, 1.50 mGy, 2.52 mGy, 2.03 mGy, and 1.03 mGy, respectively. Diagnostic reference levels proposed for our region were comparable with other studies.

scholarly journals Radijaciono opterecenje pacijenata u konvencionalnoj dijagnostickoj radiologiji - analiza radioloske prakse u Srbiji

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
O.F. Ciraj-Bjelac ◽  
M.S. Kovacevic ◽  
D.D. Kosutic ◽  
S.S. Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Levels ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Patient Doses ◽  
Area Product ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dose Variation ◽  
Entrance Surface Air Kerma

X-rays are by far most significant contributor to total population dose from man-made sources of radiation. Diagnostic reference levels provide frameworks to reduce variability. The aim of this study is to establish, for the first time, a baseline for national diagnostic reference levels in Serbia for the most common X-ray examination types. Dose estimates are based on measurements of kerma-area product and Entrance surface air kerma for at least ten patients for each examination type, in each of 16 randomly selected hospitals in Serbia. Mean, median and third quartile values of patient doses are reported. Results have shown wide variation of mean hospital doses. Entrance surface doses were compared with previously published diagnostic reference levels. Doses for all studied examination types except chest radiography were within European DRL. The reasons for dose variation are discussed. The findings emphasize the importance of regular patient dose measurement to ensure that patient doses are kept as low as reasonable achievable.

scholarly journals RATIONAL MANAGEMENT APPROACH FOR PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS IN PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTIONS, CASE STUDY OF THE CENTRAL PHARMACY AT THE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL CENTER IBN BADIS – CONSTANTINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 445-453
Author(s):  
Amirouche BOUCHELAGHEM ◽  
Lamia BOUARROUDJ
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Management Indicators ◽  
Public Health Institutions ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
Health Institutions ◽  
Abc Method

Public health institutions in Algeria are responsible for managing many and varied pharmaceutical products according to the needs of their activity. The stock of it consists of heterogeneous products in terms of consumption, Stock combination and unit price. Given this diversity, the management of these stocks is of great importance ,That is why our concern has been focused on formulating an efficient and rational system for managing pharmaceutical products , We chose the ABC method, or "selective management" It is a system that allows us to determine the relative importance of products by classifying them into three categories , Then we set the rules and management indicators that are appropriate for each class. Noting that the proposed routing system was based on the consumption value criterion, And on the criterion of the average stock value, considering that consumption and stock constitute one of the important economic criteria for monitoring and evaluating public institutions in the field of managing pharmaceutical products.

scholarly journals Patient dose measurement in common medical X-ray examinations and propose the first local dose reference levels to diagnostic radiology in Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Behrouz Rasuli ◽  
Raheleh Tabari Juybari ◽  
Meysam Forouzi ◽  
Mohammad Ghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Patient Dose ◽  
Skin Dose ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Levels ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Anatomical Data ◽  
Patient Load ◽  
Tube Output ◽  
Patient Doses ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

Abstract Introduction: The main purpose of this study was to investigate patient dose in pelvic and abdomen x-ray examinations. This work also provided the LDRLs (local diagnostic reference levels) in Khuzestan region, southwest of Iran to help establish the NDRLs (national diagnostic reference levels). Methods: Patient doses were assessed from patient’s anatomical data and exposure parameters based on the IAEA indirect dosimetry method. With regard to this method, exposure parameters such as tube output, kVp, mAs, FFD and patient anatomical data were used for calculating ESD (entrance skin dose) of patients. This study was conducted on 250 standard patients (50% men and 50% women) at eight high-patient-load imaging centers. Results: The results indicate that mean ESDs for the both pelvic and abdomen examinations were lower than the IAEA and EC reference levels, 2.3 and 3.7 mGy, respectively. Mean applied kVps were 67 and 70 and mean FFDs were 103 and 109, respectively. Tube loadings obtained in this study for pelvic examination were lower than all the corresponding values in the reviewed literature. Likewise, the average annual patient load across all hospitals were more than 37000 patients, i.e. more than 100 patients a day. Conclusions: The authors recommend that DRLs (diagnostic reference levels) obtained in this region, which are the first available data, can be used as local DRLs for pelvic and abdomen procedures. This work also provides that on-the-job training programs for staffs and close cross collaboration between physicists and physicians should be strongly considered.

PROPOSED NATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS FOR STANDARD RADIOGRAPHIC X-RAY PROCEDURES IN SUDAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-426
Author(s):  
Nada A Ahmed ◽  
E H Basheir ◽  
A B Farah ◽  
T S Mohammedzein ◽  
I I Suliman
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Dose Optimization ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Levels ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Tube Output ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Entrance Surface Air Kerma

Abstract This study aimed to calculate patient radiation doses for adults during the seven most commonly performed conventional X-ray procedures, and to propose national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). A representative sample of patients from 29 hospitals was included. The entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) was calculated by measuring X-ray tube output and the corresponding technical and exposure factors for each patient. Third-quartile values of the mean ESAK distributions were proposed as DRL values. The DRLs in mGy were as follows: 0.6 for chest postero–anterior (PA), 3.5 for skull AP, 1.7 for skull lateral (LAT), 2.7 for abdominal, 2.6 for pelvic AP, 3.7 for lumbar spine AP and 8 for lumbar spine LAT. Compared with literature, the maximum percentages increase were in chest PA (329%) and skull AP (187%). Since the suggested DRL for chest PA was higher than literature values, dose optimization and a review of its value is recommended.

scholarly journals DOSIS PASIEN PADA PEMERIKSAAN RUTIN SINAR-X RADIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Eri Hiswara ◽  
Dewi Kartikasari
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Diagnostic Radiology ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Diagnostic Reference Levels ◽  
Reference Levels ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Common Technique ◽  
Patient Doses

ABSTRAKDOSIS PASIEN PADA PEMERIKSAAN RUTIN SINAR-X RADIOLOGI DIAGNOSTIK. Teknik diagnosis untuk melihat kondisi fisik seorang pasien dengan menggunakan pesawat sinar-X merupakan teknik yang paling banyak digunakan di dunia.  Berdasarkan Badan PBB untuk Efek Radiasi Atom (UNSCEAR), pajanan radiasi sinar-X pada pemeriksaan rutin radiologi diagnostik memberikan kontribusi terbesar bagi penerimaan dosis radiasi oleh penduduk dunia. Untuk kepentingan keselamatan pasien, Badan Tenaga Atom Internasional (IAEA) telah merekomendasikan penggunaan tingkat acuan diagnostik (DRL) agar dosis radiasi yang diterima pasien tersebut optimum sambil tetap mempertahankan kualitas citra film yang dihasilkan dari aplikasi ini. Dalam kaitan ini telah dilakukan studi tingkat dosis radiasi yang diterima oleh pasien dari aplikasi radiasi di bidang radiologi diagnostik. Hasil studi dibandingkan dengan tingkat acuan diagnostik yang berlaku di Indonesia. Studi dilakukan dengan melakukan pengukuran dosis permukaan masuk pada 130 orang pasien yang menjalani pemeriksaan thorax (AP/PA), thorax lat, abdomen, kepala AP/PA, kepala Lat, lumbo sacral AP, lumbo sacral Lat, ekstremitas, pelvis AP, cervical AP, cervical Lat, cervical oblique, clavicula dan thoracal lumbal di tiga rumah sakit di kota Makassar, Sukabumi, dan Pontianak. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa data dosis radiasi yang diterima pasien pada pemeriksaan thorax AP/PA, thorax lat, abdomen, kepala AP/PA, kepala lat, lumbosacral AP, lumbosacral lat dan pelvis AP menunjukkan nilai yang tidak melebihi nilai tingkat acuan diagnostik yang berlaku di Indonesia, dan dosis radiasi yang diterima pasien anak lebih rendah daripada dosis pasien dewasa. Perbandingan nilai dosis pasien yang diperoleh pada studi ini dan di Malaysia dengan hasil yang diperoleh dari beberapa negara maju juga memperlihatkan bahwa dosis pasien di negara berkembang relatif tidak berbeda dengan dosis pasien di negara-negara maju tersebut. ABSTRACTDOSES TO PATIENTS IN ROUTINE X-RAY EXAMINATIONS OF DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY. Diagnostic technique to study physical condition of a patient using X-rays is the most common technique used in the world. According to the United Nations Scientific Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), radiation exposures in routine X-rays examination of diagnostic radiology contribute to the biggest portion of radiation doses received by world’s population. For the purposes of patient safety, diagnostic reference levels have been recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to be used in order to optimize the dose received by patient while maintaining quality of film image produced by these procedures. In this regard study on the determination of the level of radiation doses received by patient, has been carried out. Results of study are compared to the diagnostic reference levels for medical exposures applied in Indonesia. The study was performed by measuring entrance surface doses in 130 patients who underwent the X-ray examinations of thorax AP/PA, thorax lat, abdomen, skull AP/PA, skull Lat, lumbo sacral AP, lumbo sacral Lat, extremities, pelvis AP, cervical AP, cervical Lat, cervical oblique, clavicula and thoracal lumbal in three hospitals in the cities of Makassar, Sukabumi, dan Pontianak. The results show all data of patient doses from examinations of thorax AP/PA, thorax lat, abdomen, skull AP/PA, skull Lat, lumbo sacral AP, lumbo sacral Lat, extremities and pelvis APwere less than the levels applied in Indonesia and doses received by children were  less than those by adult patients. Comparison of data obtained in this study and in Malaysia as developing countries with those from advanced countries also showed that they were relatively no difference between the two groups.

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