Development of noninvasive procedure for monitoring blood glucose level using gingival crevicular bleeding

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic periodontitis are common chronic diseases in adults. It is usually necessary to provide a sample of capillary blood to measure blood glucose level in diabetics. However, it is possible to obtain blood during periodontal probing without any discomfort. The aim of the study was to evaluate accessibility of chair side noninvasive screening method for blood glucose level in DM during routine periodontal examination. Material and Methods. 15 non diabetics and 15 newly onset type 2 diabetic patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were selected for the study after meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. Periodontal pocket probing was performed using Williams Graduated periodontal probe. Blood oozing from gingival sulcus of anterior teeth following periodontal pocket probing was collected with a stick of glucose self monitoring device. As control, finger stick capillary blood was taken. Results. Statistically significant correlation was observed between the blood glucose level in gingival crevicular blood (GCB) and peripheral fasting blood (PFB) in diabetic subjects. The mean GCB glucose level in diabetic subjects was 172.27?5.02 mg/dL while mean PFB glucose level was 167.80?8.87 mg/dL. The correlation coefficients for diabetic and non diabetic subjects were r=0.715 and r=0.619, respectively. Conclusion The results suggested that blood oozing during routine periodontal examination may be used for DM screening in dental office without the need for any extra procedure.

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Gingival Crevicular Blood as a Potential Screening Tool: A Cross Sectional Comparative Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17207356 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (20) ◽

pp. 7356

Author(s):

Biagio Rapone ◽

Elisabetta Ferrara ◽

Luigi Santacroce ◽

Skender Topi ◽

Ilaria Converti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Screening Tool ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Capillary Blood Glucose ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Finger Stick

Background: Diabetes is known to be one of the major global epidemic diseases, significantly associated with mortality and morbidity worldwide, conferring a substantial burden to the health care system. The epidemiological transition of this chronic disease tends to worsen unless preventive health strategies are implemented. Appropriate screening devices and standardized methods are crucial to prevent this potentially inauspicious life condition. Currently, the glucometer is the conventional device employed for blood glucose level determination that outputs the blood glucose reading. Glucometer performed in the dental office may be an important device in screening diabetes, so it can be addressed during a periodontal examination. Because gingival blood is a useful source to detect the glucose level, the focus is placed on the opportunity that might provide valuable diagnostic information. This study aimed to compare gingival crevicular blood with finger-stick blood glucose measurements using a self-monitoring glucometer, to evaluate whether gingival crevicular blood could be an alternative to allow accurate chairside glucose testing. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was performed among a 31–67-year-old population. Seventy participants with diagnosed type 2 diabetes and seventy healthy subjects, all with positive bleeding on probing, were enrolled. The gingival crevicular blood was collected using a glucometer to estimate the blood glucose level and compared with finger-stick blood glucose level. Results: The mean capillary blood glucose and gingival crevicular blood levels from all samples were, respectively, 160.42 ± 31.31 mg/dL and 161.64 ± 31.56 mg/dL for diabetic participants and 93.51 ± 10.35 mg/dL and 94.47 ± 9.91 mg/dL for healthy patients. In both groups, the difference between gingival crevicular blood and capillary blood glucose levels was non-significant (P < 0.05). The highly significant correlation between capillary blood glucose and gingival crevicular blood (r = 0.9834 for diabetic patients and r = 0.8153 for healthy participants) in both the groups was found. Conclusions: Gingival crevicular blood test was demonstrated as a feasible and useful primary screening tool test for detecting diabetes and for glucose estimation in non-diabetic patients. Use of gingival crevicular blood for screening is an attractive way of identifying a reasonable option of finger-stick blood glucose measurement under the appropriate circumstances. Rapid assessment may precede diagnostic evaluation in diabetic as well as healthy patients with acute severe bleeding. In addition, gingival crevicular blood levels may be needed to monitor the diabetic output.

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INTRAOPERATIVE GLUCOSE LEVELIN NON-DIABETIC PATIENT UNDERGOING ELECTIVE MAJOR SURGERY UNDER GENERALANAESTHESIA RECEIVING DIFFERENT CRYSTALLOID SOLUTIONS AS MAINTENANCE FLUID (A COMPARISON BETWEEN NS AND RL)

10.36106/ijsr/8532240 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 30-32

Author(s):

Saunak Nath ◽

Niladri Sekhar Mukhopadhyay ◽

Avinab Das

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Major Surgery ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Capillary Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Dence Interval ◽

The Mean

INTRODUCTION: The present study was undertaken to observe the effect of different maintenance uid regimen on intraoperative blood glucose levels in non-diabetic patients undergoing elective major surgery under general anesthesia. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to observe the effect of different maintenance uids in intraoperative blood glucose levels of non-diabetic patients undergoing elective major non-cardiac surgery under general anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted in the Department of Anesthesiology of Assam Medical College, Dibrugarh for a period of one year. Hospital based observational study. Patients undergoing elective major surgeries at operation theatres of Department of General Surgery of Assam Medical College & Hospital, Dibrugarh. One (1) year from July 2015 to June 2016. RESULT: The mean difference of capillary blood glucose level between baseline and 1.5 hours after intubation for those procedures lasted that long in Group N was 22.87 mg/dl with a 95% condence interval of 103.83-108.61 while in Group R it was 26.82 mg/dl with a 95% condence interval of 108.41-111.59. The mean difference of capillary blood glucose level between baseline and 2 hours after intubation for those procedures lasted that long in Group N was 34.14 mg/dl with a 95% condence interval of 117.29–117.71 while in Group R it was 34.07 with a 95% condence interval of 116.38–118.12. CONCLUSION: This study we can come to a conclusion that though there is a rising trend in change in intraoperative capillary blood glucose level in both the solutions used perioperatively, yet the mean change in intraoperative capillary blood glucose level in non-diabetic patients undergoing major surgeries under general anaesthesia receiving either 0.9% sodium chloride or Ringer's lactate solutions as maintenance uid perioperatively, is comparable, yet needs larger groups of study

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Lower occurrence of low blood glucose level in elderly type 2 diabetic patients treated with gliclazide versus glibenclamide

Geriatrics and Gerontology International ◽

10.1111/j.1447-0594.2007.00369.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 91-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kenzo Oba ◽

Yuki Inuzuka ◽

Naoko Yamashita-Onodera ◽

Kentaro Watanabe ◽

Noriaki Matsumura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

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Correlation between Levels of Sulcular and Capillary Blood Glucose

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jcdp-10-2-10 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 10-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amir Moeintaghavi ◽

Mohammad Reza Talebi Ardakani ◽

Ahmad Haerian ◽

Mohammad Afkhami Ardakani ◽

Mahdi Hashemzadeh

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Gingival Tissue ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Capillary Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between capillary blood glucose levels (CBGLs) and sulcular blood glucose levels (SBGLs) using blood obtained from gingival tissue during routine periodontal examinations to determine if sulcular blood samples can be used as a non-invasive means to diagnosis blood glucose levels. Methods and Materials Thirty non-diabetics and 30 diabetic patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were included in the study and subjected to routine clinical periodontal examinations. Blood was collected using a 1.6-1.8 mm diameter micro bite collection tube to transport the sample from the gingival sulci of anterior teeth following periodontal pocket probing to a test strip of a glucose self-monitoring device. As a control, capillary blood was taken with a finger-stick. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson's correlation coefficient and a t-test. Results The blood glucose levels in patients ranged from 58 mg/dl to 477 mg/dl, and the values of blood samples taken from gingival sulcus or finger tip of the same patient showed a very high intra-patient correlation (r =0.99, p< 0.0001). Conclusion The results of this study suggest sulcular blood from a routine periodontal examination may be used for diabetes mellitus screening. Clinical Significance Considering 50% of diabetics remain undiagnosed, testing sulcular blood may provide a suitable method for identifying potential diabetic patients during routine dental visits since there is a correlation with capillary blood. Appropriate referrals to a physician can then be made when warranted. Citation Ardakani MRT, Moeintaghavi A, Haerian A, Ardakani MA, Hashemzadeh M. Correlation between Levels of Sulcular and Capillary Blood Glucose. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 March; (10)2:010-017.

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The Novel Use of Nanotechnology Structured Water Magnalife to Control Blood Glucose Level in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db18-1155-p ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 1155-P ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ALI K.M. SAMI ◽

KAWA H. AMIN ◽

MOHAMMED T. KURMANJI

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

The Novel ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Control Blood Glucose ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

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Effect of electrical stimulation on blood glucose level and lipid profile of sedentary type 2 diabetic patients

International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries ◽

10.4103/0973-3930.70859 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 194 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Deepshikha Sharma ◽

Shweta Shenoy ◽

Jaspal Singh

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

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Biochemical Features of Type 2 Diabetics in Kushtia District, Bangladesh

Medicine Today ◽

10.3329/medtoday.v33i01.52166 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 71-74

Author(s):

Hasan Mahfuz Reza ◽

Md Rezaul Karim ◽

Md Abdus Samad

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Biochemical Study ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

The Body ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Biochemical Features

Introduction: Biochemical analysis or laboratory tests assist to determine what happening to the body internally. The aim of the present study was to access the biochemical features of type 2 diabetic patients in Kushtia district, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who presented to the OPD in three referral diabetic centers in Kushtia district, Bangladesh from August 2016 to July 2017. A total of 282 patients were included in the study. The collected data were checked, entered and analyzed using the computer program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Results: Biochemical study showed that mean blood hemoglobin level was 12.49±1.47g/dl, mean fasting blood glucose level of the patients was 8.86±1.67mmol/L and blood glucose level two hours after breakfast was 13.94±2.88mmol/L. The study showed that the patient having abnormal level of triglyceride (66%) were higher than normal level (34%). Conclusion: The subjects had higher triglyceride and LDL values (65.6% and 28.7% respectively). These higher percentages with abnormal lipid profile are likely to be more prone to cardiovascular diseases. Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(1): 71-74

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Accuracy of Clinical Diagnosis of Burst Appendix, a Study of 200 Cases in DMCH.

Medicine Today ◽

10.3329/medtoday.v33i01.52167 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 75-79

Author(s):

Md Rezwan Shah ◽

Tasnia Jukhrif Worthy ◽

Mohammed Asraful Alam ◽

Gursharan Kaur

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Biochemical Study ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

The Body ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional

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Comparison of the Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy and Attachment-Based Compassion Therapy on Blood Glucose Level and Medication Adherence in Diabetics

10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.1.106 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Medication Adherence ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Blood Glucose Control ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Training Course ◽

Compassion Focused Therapy ◽

Experimental Group

Background and Objectives: Diabetes is one of the most rampant chronic diseases that is accompanied by numerous psychological problems. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) and attachment-based compassion therapy (ABCT) on blood glucose level and medication adherence in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a pretest and posttest design. At first, using the available voluntary sampling method, a number of 45 individuals were selected from 300 diabetic patients referred to Alborz Diabetes Association, Alborz, Iran. They were randomly divided into two experimental and one control groups. At the outset, in addition to the hemoglobin (Hb) A1c blood test, they completed a medication adherence questionnaire. Afterward, the first experimental group participated in eight two-h sessions of the compassionate therapy training course, and the second experimental group participated in 10 90-min sessions of the ABCT training course. All three groups received standard treatment for diabetic patients. At the end of the treatment, the HbA1c levels of blood in all three groups were re-evaluated, and again all patients completed the medication adherence questionnaire at the post-test stage. It should be mentioned that the collected data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance. Results: Based on the results, CFT and ABCT could reduce blood glucose level (HbA1c) (F=5.13, P<0.008, Eta= 0.20) and increase medication adherence (F=2.82, P<0.035, Eta= 0.12) in both of the experimental groups. Conclusion: The CFT and ABCT can be effective in improving medication adherence and blood glucose control (HbA1c) in diabetic patients. Therefore, it is suggested to provide such training together with other medical interventions as part of comprehensive therapy of diabetes.

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Comparison between the QRMA Measurement with the Anamnesis and the Capillary Blood Glucose Test

Jurnal NERS ◽

10.20473/jn.v14i2.6154 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 224

Author(s):

Muflih Muflih ◽

Suwarsi Suwarsi ◽

Fajarina Lathu Asmarani

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Level ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Blood Sugar Level ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Capillary Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Glucose Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Glucose Test

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The examination of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) can be done by reviewing their complaints and through a capillary blood glucose level test to determine the value of their Random Blood Glucose Level. QRMA (Quantum Resonance Magnetic Analyzer) is claimed to be able to check the patient’s bodily condition (including blood glucose) with an accuracy of 85%. The purpose of this study was to verify the validity of the QRMA tool and its accuracy by comparing the results of the anamnesis and the examination conducted using the capillary blood glucose test method.Methods: The research method used was a cross-sectional design. The total sample consisted of 44 respondents in the working area of the Community Health Centers in Yogyakarta with the risk factor being blood sugar level instability. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The main variable in this study was the value of the blood sugar level measured based on the coefficient value of the QRMA tool and the value of Random Blood Glucose obtained through the capillary blood glucose test.Results: The blood glucose value was not correlated significantly with the coefficient value of QRMA. The value of blood glucose when examined alongside the result of the respondent's anamnesis showed there to be a significant difference. The value of the QRMA coefficient when examined against the results from the history of the respondents showed no significant difference. Linear regression showed that the variables of height, body weight, and IMT had a correlation with the QRMA coefficient value.Conclusion: The QRMA tool was not able to provide a picture of the actual condition of the blood glucose level of the respondents when compared with the results of the anamnesis and the blood glucose value from the capillary blood glucose test. Non-invasive health measurement devices such as QRMA are not used by nurses as a standard for determining the health status of DM patients.

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