Tfeb-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation of Autophagy Induces Autosis during Ischemia/Reperfusion in the Heart

Autosis is a unique form of cell death with characteristic morphological and biochemical features caused by dysregulated autophagy. Autosis is observed in the heart during the late phase of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), when marked accumulation of autophagosomes is induced. We previously showed that the excessive accumulation of autophagosomes promotes autosis in cardiomyocytes. Although the inhibition of autophagic flux via the upregulation of Rubicon induces the accumulation of autophagosomes during I/R, it appears that additional mechanisms exacerbating autophagosome accumulation are required for the induction of autosis. Here, we show that Tfeb contributes to the induction of autosis during the late phase of I/R in the heart. During myocardial reperfusion, Tfeb is activated and translocated into the nucleus, which in turn upregulates genes involved in autophagy and lysosomal function. The overexpression of Tfeb enhanced cardiomyocyte death induced by a high dose of TAT-Beclin 1, an effect that was inhibited by the downregulation of Atg7. Conversely, the knockdown of Tfeb attenuated high-dose TAT-Beclin1-induced death in cardiomyocytes. Although the downregulation of Tfeb in the heart significantly decreased the number of autophagic vacuoles and inhibited autosis during I/R, the activation of Tfeb activity via 3,4-dimethoxychalcone, an activator of Tfeb, aggravated myocardial injury during I/R. These findings suggest that Tfeb promotes cardiomyocyte autosis during the late phase of reperfusion in the heart.

Molecular and cellular mechanisms of cytotoxicity in animals

The monograph is devoted to the study of the heavy metal influence on molecular and cellular processes in the animal organism. The state of the art of molecular pathway response to heavy metal toxicity is highlighted. Aspects of the impact of aluminium, cadmium, lead, mercury, and copper on biochemical features of cells are outlined. The relationship between the presence of heavy metal in an organism and disturbances in molecular and cellular progressions is revealed. The scientific monograph is proposed to ecotoxicologists, ecologists, experts interested in molecular biomarkers and bioindication. The book may be useful for students and researchers.

Stock Influence on Growth, Morphological and Biochemical Leaf Parameters Prunus domestica L.

Vegetation growth peculiarities and morphological and physical-biochemical features of Prunus domestica L. Utro and Yaichnaya Sinyaya varieties leaves grafted on different growing strength rootstocks were studied. Low-growing clonal rootstocks 140–1 and Novinka decreased the trees growing strength on 15–20% in comparison with strong-growing stocks; medium-growing rootstocks OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23 reduced it on 10%. The longest growing activity and the largest sprouts length was stated on these rootstocks as well, i.e. 1.3–1.4 times more than on other ones. Stable sprouts average length decrease was registered on grafted stocks 140–1 and Novinka. Leaf surface index value on the trees grafted on clonal rootstocks OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23 was on 40% higher than on control, i.e. 4.3 leaves m2/crown projection area m2. Optimal values of total increment, sprouts average length, leaves area and the largest part of physiological-biochemical parameters were stated at medium-growing clonal rootstocks OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23 use. Plum leaves blades were hypostomatic; numerous stomata were located on the abaxial (bottom) side of leaves. Stomata were located in interveinal space irregularly. Stomata length size varied from 14.6 μm (Utro/seedlings) to 22.1 μm (Yaichnaya Sinyaya/OP-23-23). The rootstock has influence on the process of photosynthesis, antioxidant activity, accumulation of minerals and metabolic answerin the leaves.

CHARACTERISATION OF A MEMBER OF THE GENUS CELLULOSIMICROBIUM AS A DEGRADER OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID

On the basis of the cultural, morphological, physiological and biochemical features, the taxonomic position of the NPZ-121 strain (isolated from the soil contaminated with chemical waste in Ufa (Russia)) as belonging to the species Cellulosimicrobium funkei was specified. In a batch culture the dynamics of growth of the strain C. funkei NPZ-121 and utilization of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid at a concentration of 100 mg/l were described. For 11 days the culture used up to 69% of the substrate from the initial value. The ability of the strain to metabolize 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) was revealed previously. Thus, the polysubstrate activity to chlorinated phenoxyacetic acids of the NPZ-121 strain was established.

Features of the biochemical composition of winter fodder plants in the Indigirka river basin

The article describes the value of the feed of winter pastures in the extreme north of Yakutia. Winter pastures of the Momsky district are located in marsh places and are used as horse food. Equis?tum fluviatile grows on pastures. Equis?tum Fluviatile is winter-green plants. Equis?tum Froviatile is of the greatest value for the horses of the Momsky district. The research was carry out in the Chiskhan peasant farm of the Momsky district, in the Ulakhan-Chistay village and at the Mercury peasant farm in the Myandigi village of the Amginsky district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) at the end of November. 2020. Samples of winter feed take from pastures near the floodplain of the Moma River, which consisted mainly of marsh horsetail. In the Amga district, a cereal plant - creeping wheatgrass is the standard fodder for Yakutian horses; We are study the biochemical features of Equis?tum Froviatile in the conditions of the Arctic, which complement and expand ideas about the signs of the accumulation of nutrients in winter feed, depending on the cultivation zone. Winter pastures consisted mainly of Equis?tum fluviatile. In the Momsky district, the indicators are higher in cheese protein - 3.05%, for raw fat by 1.65%, for raw materials of fiber by 13.44% than in the Amginsky district. In the Momsky district, the indicators are higher in macro microelements by 1.5-2 times. It is assumed that plants of the Far North accumulate a significant amount of minerals due to their adaptive properties to growing conditions and have a high ability to absorb mineral compounds from the soil.