scholarly journals Urban housing experiments in Yugoslavia 1948-1970

Spatium ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djordje Alfirevic ◽  
Sanja Simonovic-Alfirevic
Keyword(s):  
Urban Housing ◽  
High Density ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Architectural Patterns ◽  
Architectural Planning ◽  
Post War ◽  
Collective Housing ◽  
Maximal Space ◽  
High Density Housing

In the period from 1948 to 1970 urban housing architecture in Yugoslavia had a distinctly experimental character as it strived intensively towards research and establishment of new architectural patterns and values that would mark the period of economic growth of the country. In conditions of mass housing construction, initiated by the devastated urban housing fund after the Second World War, significant influx of population to towns and the state directed its socialist aspirations at alloting every family acceptable living space. The period of the so-called ?directed housing construction?, whose imperative was to establish the limits of existential minimum in collective housing, maximal space ?packing? and optimal functionality of flats, at the same time represents the most significant period in the development of housing architecture in Yugoslavia. The architects focused their interests in housing in mainly three directions: a) the creation and application of new prefabrication systems, b) innovative application of modernistic patterns in aestheticization of architecture and c) experimenting with space units which will enable a higher level of privacy in high-density housing conditions. The first direction of research emerged in the context of post-war housing construction of a wide scope, which encouraged the advance of technological research in areas of prefabrication and practical application of achieved results on the whole territory of Yugoslavia. The second direction dealt with architectural planning which was strictly subordinated to social and ideological sphere with domineering socialist monumentalism and artistic and sculptural approach to architecture. The third was related to experimental tendency with new urban housing patterns which aimed to search and find more pragmatic, humane solutions within mass high-density housing constructions which were the first to utilize and show examples of ?double-tract? buildings. These were primarily realized in Serbia, as continuation of tendencies first expressed in activities of ?Belgrade School of Housing?.

Study on Correlation between Housing Construction and Influence of Urban Development in the Succession of Urban Dynamics

2014 ◽  
Vol 919-921 ◽  
pp. 1563-1566
Author(s):  
Mei Li
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Real Estate Development ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Collective Housing ◽  
Mode A

Since 1990s housing construction in China has been going through a gradual separation from the planned economy mode, a transition from collective housing construction and distribution to market-oriented mode, which resulted in the all-time growing of real estate development and accelerated the succession of urban development. This article gives an outline of general analysis on correlation of housing construction and urban growth, including its influence on urban economy, social stability, urbanization process, city layout, suburban districts and appearance of residential difference. The article points out the importance and urgency of keeping balance between housing construction and urban development. It points that seeking a balanced way for cities, dwellings and humanity would be the theme and trend of urban housing construction.

scholarly journals Designing for Complexity: A Systemic Approach to Spatial Relationships in High Density Housing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiloh Lazar
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Activity Spaces ◽  
Residential Design ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interactive Environment ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Density Housing

The functionalism and reductivism behind post war modernist high-rise housing typologies like the slab block, failed to understand the impact of this highly condensed circulation on the social interactions of residents. Contemporary high-rise architecture typologies like the point tower still don’t account for the complex social needs of inhabitants - providing isolated group activity spaces in lieu of addressing and elaborating the shape and form of the transitional spaces between the street and the unit door. This thesis asserts that understanding the complexity of social needs and normative social behavioral patterns will inform an approach to design that will allow for a more humane and socially interactive environment. This thesis design explores Systems Theory, Pattern Language, recent precedents and tactics like clustering, layered gradients of privacy, visual buffering, transparency, texture and materiality in a high-density residential design for Toronto’s rapidly intensifying core.

scholarly journals Secondhand Architecture: Finding value in the existing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vi Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
High Density ◽  
Inner Cities ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Post War ◽  
Architectural Significance ◽  
High Density Housing

<p>Secondhand architecture explores the potential for significant high-density housing models to be revitalised and offered a second life.  Much of the medium to high-density housing stock built in the mid to late twentieth century is tired, derelict and under threat of demolition. Buildings from this period, both here and internationally, are increasingly dismissed as outdated for not meeting a range of today’s housing needs. A combination of technical and functional obsolescence have contributed to their downfall along with numerous social and management issues, of which local authorities are failing to recognise and act on.  Today the demand for housing is considerable. Governments and private developers seek ways to address this demand yet frequently overlook the upgrade potential that this current housing stock possesses. To some extent, this is due to failure by authorities and the public to value their intrinsic heritage and architectural significance. The impetuous decision to demolish risks compromising our living heritage and losing a portion of our significant built environment.  In New Zealand and overseas, there is a general lack of recognition for the historical significance of our modern architecture. Amongst modern buildings, the post-war high-density public housing models is considered of lesser significance here due to the higher appreciation for detached suburban housing being entrenched as the desired norm.  This thesis makes a case for adapting and reusing modern public housing to operate as living patrimony - exploring their inherent value through design and reviewing their potential to assist increasing density within our inner cities. The George Porter Tower, designed by prominent architect Ian Athfield in the 70s, faces demolition due to its perceived poor living conditions and susceptibility to earthquakes. Using the Tower as a case study, this thesis explores strategies to repair, improve and reform our significant public housing models. These strategies are explored through five layers, providing a methodology that identifies the successes and failures of the case study and guide the iterative design process.  This thesis argues for the rehabilitation of a building to address the contemporary housing requirements. In acknowledging the value of these as a critical part of our built heritage, it demonstrates how history can exist within the present to maintain links to our past. In doing so, it celebrates the continual metamorphosis of the building, adding to its heritage values.  Secondhand architecture considers that buildings should be constantly evolving, not something that is frozen as icons of the past.</p>

scholarly journals Secondhand Architecture: Finding value in the existing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Vi Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
High Density ◽  
Inner Cities ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Post War ◽  
Architectural Significance ◽  
High Density Housing

<p>Secondhand architecture explores the potential for significant high-density housing models to be revitalised and offered a second life.  Much of the medium to high-density housing stock built in the mid to late twentieth century is tired, derelict and under threat of demolition. Buildings from this period, both here and internationally, are increasingly dismissed as outdated for not meeting a range of today’s housing needs. A combination of technical and functional obsolescence have contributed to their downfall along with numerous social and management issues, of which local authorities are failing to recognise and act on.  Today the demand for housing is considerable. Governments and private developers seek ways to address this demand yet frequently overlook the upgrade potential that this current housing stock possesses. To some extent, this is due to failure by authorities and the public to value their intrinsic heritage and architectural significance. The impetuous decision to demolish risks compromising our living heritage and losing a portion of our significant built environment.  In New Zealand and overseas, there is a general lack of recognition for the historical significance of our modern architecture. Amongst modern buildings, the post-war high-density public housing models is considered of lesser significance here due to the higher appreciation for detached suburban housing being entrenched as the desired norm.  This thesis makes a case for adapting and reusing modern public housing to operate as living patrimony - exploring their inherent value through design and reviewing their potential to assist increasing density within our inner cities. The George Porter Tower, designed by prominent architect Ian Athfield in the 70s, faces demolition due to its perceived poor living conditions and susceptibility to earthquakes. Using the Tower as a case study, this thesis explores strategies to repair, improve and reform our significant public housing models. These strategies are explored through five layers, providing a methodology that identifies the successes and failures of the case study and guide the iterative design process.  This thesis argues for the rehabilitation of a building to address the contemporary housing requirements. In acknowledging the value of these as a critical part of our built heritage, it demonstrates how history can exist within the present to maintain links to our past. In doing so, it celebrates the continual metamorphosis of the building, adding to its heritage values.  Secondhand architecture considers that buildings should be constantly evolving, not something that is frozen as icons of the past.</p>

scholarly journals Designing for Complexity: A Systemic Approach to Spatial Relationships in High Density Housing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiloh Lazar
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Activity Spaces ◽  
Residential Design ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Social ◽  
Interactive Environment ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Density Housing

The functionalism and reductivism behind post war modernist high-rise housing typologies like the slab block, failed to understand the impact of this highly condensed circulation on the social interactions of residents. Contemporary high-rise architecture typologies like the point tower still don’t account for the complex social needs of inhabitants - providing isolated group activity spaces in lieu of addressing and elaborating the shape and form of the transitional spaces between the street and the unit door. This thesis asserts that understanding the complexity of social needs and normative social behavioral patterns will inform an approach to design that will allow for a more humane and socially interactive environment. This thesis design explores Systems Theory, Pattern Language, recent precedents and tactics like clustering, layered gradients of privacy, visual buffering, transparency, texture and materiality in a high-density residential design for Toronto’s rapidly intensifying core.

scholarly journals Models for Experimental High Density Housing

2017 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 052025
Author(s):  
Tomasz Bradecki ◽  
Julia Swoboda ◽  
Katarzyna Nowak ◽  
Klaudia Dziechciarz
Keyword(s):  
High Density ◽  
High Density Housing

Lifestyle as a Resource for Re-Structuring Romani Urban Housing

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Milena Grbić ◽  
Ana Nikezić
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Architectural Patterns ◽  
Plural Society ◽  
The Right ◽  
Pattern Display ◽  
Social Profiles

Solving settlement and likewise housing problems of socially vulnerable Romani in Belgrade and Serbia still has not found the right design approach. In contemporary plural society, it is a process of interaction of theoretical and practical tryouts set beyond the disciplinary limits. Insufficient awareness on Romani lifestyle elaborated in Romanypen, i.e. the Romani cultural system causes a lack of methods, techniques and tools to choose from and develop for this untangled complex problem. The intent of this article is to show that a collective lifestyle represents the essence needed for developing adequate design decisions of Romani settlements, thus fulfilling the potential for improving adequate housing solutions. The study starts on the assumption that in Romani settlements there is a strongly rooted relation between spatial and social level that enables an understanding of what this cultural group produces as its own place. The urban pattern of Romani settlements do not have an institutionally imposed organization; they are formed by the Romani themselves, by reflex rooted in needs of everyday life activities and consequently organized and built through inherited knowledge and skills. The subject of this study is aimed at recognizing and thus establishing spatial expressions of the Romani collective lifestyle in three types of Belgrade Romani settlements that, according to the differences in their inner habitational pattern, display a representative model. It is based on the field analysis of five already created and developed unplanned settlements in Belgrade through observing and residing within them and by talking and questioning to their residents. This study shows that the key to understanding existing urban and architectural patterns, as well as the potential for future design actions lies in reading out the processes of everyday life. Then, it demonstrates a tool that has a potential to divert previous housing politics towards a revitalization of design in relation to social profiles specificities. At the end, the study opens a path to creating adequate architectural and urban parameters for housing care in accordance to the lifestyle acceptable for each and every socially perceptible group.

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