scholarly journals Some special curves belonging to Mannheim curves pair

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 303-315
Author(s):  
Suleyman Senyurt ◽  
Yasin Altun ◽  
Ceyda Cevahir ◽  
Huseyin Kocayigit
Keyword(s):  
Position Vector ◽  
Spherical Indicatrix ◽  
Mannheim Curve

In this paper, we investigate special Smarandache curves with regard to Sabban frame for Mannheim partner curve spherical indicatrix. We create Sabban frame belonging to this curves. Smarandache curves are explained by taking position vector as Sabban vectors belonging to this curves. Then, we calculate geodesic curvatures of this Smarandache curves. Found results are expressed depending on the Mannheim curve.

The role of differential phase contrast in electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
E.M. Waddell ◽  
J.N. Chapman ◽  
R.P. Ferrier
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Position Vector ◽  
Differential Phase ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Differential Phase Contrast ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Image Position ◽  
First Moment

Dekkers and de Lang (1977) have discussed a practical method of realising differential phase contrast in a STEM. The method involves taking the difference signal from two semi-circular detectors placed symmetrically about the optic axis and subtending the same angle (2α) at the specimen as that of the cone of illumination. Such a system, or an obvious generalisation of it, namely a quadrant detector, has the characteristic of responding to the gradient of the phase of the specimen transmittance. In this paper we shall compare the performance of this type of system with that of a first moment detector (Waddell et al.1977).For a first moment detector the response function R(k) is of the form R(k) = ck where c is a constant, k is a position vector in the detector plane and the vector nature of R(k)indicates that two signals are produced. This type of system would produce an image signal given bywhere the specimen transmittance is given by a (r) exp (iϕ (r), r is a position vector in object space, ro the position of the probe, ⊛ represents a convolution integral and it has been assumed that we have a coherent probe, with a complex disturbance of the form b(r-ro) exp (iζ (r-ro)). Thus the image signal for a pure phase object imaged in a STEM using a first moment detector is b2 ⊛ ▽ø. Note that this puts no restrictions on the magnitude of the variation of the phase function, but does assume an infinite detector.

scholarly journals On the macroscopic–mesoscopic mixture of a magnetorheological fluid

2006 ◽  
Vol 462 (2068) ◽  
pp. 1123-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Ching Chen
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Constitutive Relations ◽  
Position Vector ◽  
Collision Term ◽  
Mr Fluid ◽  
Production Term ◽  
Macroscopic Equation ◽  
Mesoscopic Theory ◽  
Time Discontinuity

This paper is concerned with the modelling of a magnetorheological (MR) fluid in the presence of an applied magnetic field as a twofolded mixture—a macroscopic fluid continuum and mesoscopic multi-solid continua. By assigning to each solid particle a vectorial mesoscopic variable, which is defined as the nearest relative position vector with respect to other particles, the solid medium of the MR fluid is further treated as a mixture consisting of different components, specified by these mesoscopic variables. The treatment of multi-solid continua is similar to that in the mesoscopic theory of liquid crystals. However, the key difference lies in the fact that the time-discontinuity of the defined vectorial mesoscopic variable will give rise to a ‘pseudo’ chemical reaction in the solid continuum. The equation of the phenomenological mesoscopic distribution function of the solid continuum then has an additional production term from the pseudo chemical reaction, analogous to the collision term appearing in the Boltzmann equation. The mesoscopic and macroscopic balance equations are then derived and by assuming the special constitutive relations the macroscopic equation for the second moment of the distribution function can be obtained.

Design, Modelling and Simulation of a Rotational Robotic Arm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wei
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Modelling And Simulation ◽  
Robotic Arm ◽  
Forward Kinematics ◽  
Position Vector ◽  
Control Law ◽  
Model Design ◽  
End Effector ◽  
Design And Optimization

Abstract In this paper, a rotational robotic arm is designed, modelled and optimized. The 3D model design and optimization are conducted by using SolidWorks. Forward kinematics are derived so as to determine the position vector of the end effector with respect to the base, and subsequently being able to calculate the angular velocity and torque of each joint. For the goal positioning problem, the PD control law is typically used in industry. It is employed in this application by using virtual torsional springs and frictions to generate the torques and to keep the system stable.

scholarly journals Generalized Timelike Mannheim Curves in Minkowski Space-Time

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akyig~it ◽  
S. Ersoy ◽  
İ. Özgür ◽  
M. Tosun
Keyword(s):  
Minkowski Space ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Minkowski Space Time ◽  
Mannheim Curve ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

We give the definition of generalized timelike Mannheim curve in Minkowski space-time . The necessary and sufficient conditions for the generalized timelike Mannheim curve are obtained. We show some characterizations of generalized Mannheim curve.

scholarly journals Semi-Analytic Evaluation of 1, 2 and 3-Electron Coulomb Integrals with Gaussian Expansion of Distance Operators W= RC1-nRD1-M, RC1-Nr12-M, R12-Nr13-M

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandor Kristyan
Keyword(s):  
Gaussian Function ◽  
Approximate Solutions ◽  
Equation System ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Position Vector ◽  
Least Square Fit ◽  
Analytic Expressions ◽  
The One ◽  
Analytical Expressions ◽  
Coulomb Integrals

The equations derived help to evaluate semi-analytically (mostly for k=1,2 or 3) the important Coulomb integrals Int rho(r1)…rho(rk) W(r1,…,rk) dr1…drk, where the one-electron density, rho(r1), is a linear combination (LC) of Gaussian functions of position vector variable r1. It is capable to describe the electron clouds in molecules, solids or any media/ensemble of materials, weight W is the distance operator indicated in the title. R stands for nucleus-electron and r for electron-electron distances. The n=m=0 case is trivial, the (n,m)=(1,0) and (0,1) cases, for which analytical expressions are well known, are widely used in the practice of computation chemistry (CC) or physics, and analytical expressions are also known for the cases n,m=0,1,2. The rest of the cases – mainly with any real (integer, non-integer, positive or negative) n and m - needs evaluation. We base this on the Gaussian expansion of |r|^-u, of which only the u=1 is the physical Coulomb potential, but the u≠1 cases are useful for (certain series based) correction for (the different) approximate solutions of Schrödinger equation, for example, in its wave-function corrections or correlation calculations. Solving the related linear equation system (LES), the expansion |r|^-u about equal SUM(k=0toL)SUM(i=1toM) Cik r^2k exp(-Aik r^2) is analyzed for |r| = r12 or RC1 with least square fit (LSF) and modified Taylor expansion. These evaluated analytic expressions for Coulomb integrals (up to Gaussian function integrand and the Gaussian expansion of |r|^-u) are useful for the manipulation with higher moments of inter-electronic distances via W, even for approximating Hamiltonian.

scholarly journals Classification of generalized Yamabe solitons in Euclidean spaces

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150022
Author(s):  
Shunya Fujii ◽  
Shun Maeta
Keyword(s):  
Vector Field ◽  
Position Vector ◽  
Euclidean Spaces ◽  
Yamabe Solitons ◽  
Gradient Solitons

In this paper, we consider generalized Yamabe solitons which include many notions, such as Yamabe solitons, almost Yamabe solitons, [Formula: see text]-almost Yamabe solitons, gradient [Formula: see text]-Yamabe solitons and conformal gradient solitons. We completely classify the generalized Yamabe solitons on hypersurfaces in Euclidean spaces arisen from the position vector field.

scholarly journals Spherical indicatrix curves of spatial quaternionic curves

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 4469-4477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Senyurt ◽  
Luca Grilli
Keyword(s):  
Spherical Indicatrix

Characterizations of special time-like curves in Lorentzian plane 𝕃2

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1750140
Author(s):  
Abdullah Mağden ◽  
Süha Yılmaz ◽  
Yasin Ünlütürk
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Position Vector ◽  
Constant Breadth ◽  
Lorentzian Plane ◽  
Special Time

In this paper, we first obtain the differential equation characterizing position vector of time-like curve in Lorentzian plane [Formula: see text] Then we study the special curves such as Smarandache curves, circular indicatrices, and curves of constant breadth in Lorentzian plane [Formula: see text] We give some characterizations of these special curves in [Formula: see text]

scholarly journals Local rigidity theorems of 2-type hypersurfaces in a hypersphere

1991 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bang-Yen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Finite Type ◽  
Position Vector ◽  
Constant Vector ◽  
Local Rigidity ◽  
Rigidity Theorems ◽  
Finite Sum

A submanifold M (connected but not necessary compact) of a Euclidean m-space Em is said to be of finite type if each component of its position vector X can be written as a finite sum of eigenfunctions of the Laplacian Δ of M, that is,where X0 is a constant vector and ΔXt = λtXt, t = 1, 2, · · ·, k. If in particular all eigenvalues {λ1, λ2, · · ·, λk are mutually different, then M is said to be of k-type (cf. [3] for details).

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