scholarly journals Risk for infection by Lyme disease cause in green surfaces maintenance workers in Belgrade

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Krstic ◽  
Novica Stajkovic
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tick Infection ◽  
Dark Field Microscopy ◽  
Tick Infection Rate

Background/Aim. Lyme disease (LD) is a cosmopolitan disease from the group of zoonoses that in humans can affect skins, joints, heart and/or nervous system. Research conducted in endemic areas, shows not only that the population, which lives or works in tick habitats, is in a high risk for getting infected by LD cause, but also that every enviroment itself is specific in regard to both vectors and B. burgdorferi species. In our enviroment, research of seropositivity to B. burgdorferi in persons exposed to vectors of LD have not been conducted. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was a higher risk for getting B. burgdorferi infection in the fieldworks of JKP "Zelenilo Beograd" than in other persons. Methods. Risk for getting LD in the fieldworkers of JKP "Zelenilo Beograd" (park-maintanance company) was determined according to seropositivity, the number and infection rate of LD vectors, and entomological risk index (ERI) value. Serum samples of 34 fieldworkers of JKP "Zelenilo Beograd", and 35 persons of the control group, were tested for the presence of specific IgM and IgG anti-B. burgdorferi antibodies by using ELISA test. In the research localities, the number of ticks was estimated by using the flag hours method, and tick infection rate was determined by dark field microscopy, with magnification rate of 400?. The data were analyzed statistically using ?2 test, and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results. Out of 34 fieldworkes serum samples, 8 (23.5%) were positive on anti-B. burgdorferi antibody presence, while in the control group only one (2.9%) sample was positive (p < 0,05). Seropositivity rate varied from 0-66.6% among localities. Flag hours value among the localities ranged from 8.2-29.9, and tick infection rate ranged from 10.8- 22.3%. ERI value was 0.03-0.15. Correlation between flag hour rate and seropositivity, tick infection rate and seropositivity, and also ERI and seropositivity was established. Conclusion. Frequency of B. burgdorferi seropositivity was significantly higher in green-surface maintenance workers, than in the control group not exposed to these habitats. A significant correlation was found between anti-B. burgdorferi antibodies findings and the number of ticks, tick infection rate, and ERI. The results obtained in our study indicate that there was a significantly higher risk for getting LD cause in the fieldworkers than in the control group. .

scholarly journals Assessment of Lyme disease risk by using the ecological risk index in the parks of Belgrade

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Krstic ◽  
Novica Stajkovic ◽  
Dubravko Bokonjic ◽  
Srdjan Lazic
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Actual Risk

Background/Aim. Factors determining the risk of Lyme disease (LD) may be followed in terms of the type of habitat. The evaluation of the risk of Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi) transmission in humans on Ixodes ricinus (I. ricinus) tick habitats is done by means of the ecological risk index, which determines the tick habitat, abundance and infection rate. The aim of this paper was to determine the value of ecological risk index (potential and actual risk ? PR and AR) on green areas in 9 p?rks in Belgrade and establish the correlation of this index with tick bites in humans. Methods. Ticks were collected in parks by means of the flag hour method and examined for the presence of LD cause in dark-field microscopic analysis. Point values were assigned to certain parameters and potential and actual risk index evaluated for each habitat. The data on tick bites from the surveyed habitats were obtained from the Protocol of patients bitten by ticks of the Sector for Preventive Medicine, Institute of Epidemiology, Military Medical Academy in Belgrade. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey test and Pearson ?s coefficient were used in statistical analysis of data. Results. In Belgrade?s park habitats a high PR of B. burgdorferi transmission was determined, while AR for 4 habitats was categorised as PR, and limited for other 5 habitats. Statistically, in terms of AR values the following habitats were significantly different (p < 0.05): H?jd P?rk and T?sm?jd?n; H?jd P?rk and K?lemegd?n; H?jd P?rk and Pionirski P?rk; H?jd P?rk and B?novo Brdo; Topcider and T?sm?jd?n; Topcider and K?lemegd?n; Topcider and Pionirski P?rk; Topcider and B?novo Brdo Park. A statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05) between bites of adults and the number of bites of infected adults with the AR value was established. Conclusion. In parks of Belgrade, there is a limited AR of B. burgdorferi transmission on the average. The AR values vary from limited to the potential, depending on the ecological features of habitat, the number of collected ticks and their infection rate. In view of the correlation of AR with the bites in humans, this index is significant for assessing LD risk.

scholarly journals Tube Phagocytosis, a Novel Way for Neutrophils To Phagocytize Borrelia burgdorferi

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 3433-3435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Suhonen ◽  
Kaija Hartiala ◽  
Matti K. Viljanen
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Video Technology ◽  
Dark Field Microscopy

ABSTRACT Interactions between human neutrophils and Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease spirochete, were studied by dark-field microscopy combined with video technology. A previously unrecognized mechanism for neutrophils to phagocytize the spirochete was discovered. During phagocytosis, the spirochete attaches to the neutrophil head-on, the neutrophil forms a thin tubelike protrusion around the bacterium, and the fully covered spirochete is drawn into the cell.

scholarly journals Prevalence of CAEV infections in goat herds

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 536-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOMASZ M. GRUSZECKI ◽  
MONIKA OLECH ◽  
JACEK KUŹMAK ◽  
EMILIA BAGNICKA ◽  
ANNA SZYMANOWSKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Saanen Goat ◽  
Boer Goat ◽  
Prevalence Level ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
Boer Goats

The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in white improved goats, colored improved goats, Saanen goats, Alpine goats and Boer goats, raised in three regions of Poland. The analysis of CAEV infection levels was carried out in goat herds from the provinces in mid-Eastern Poland. The analysis included four goat herds. In total, they encompassed 251 herds of the following breeds: white improved goat, colored improved goat, Saanen goat, Alpine goat and Boer goat. The identification of the infected animals and the assessment of the epidemiological condition of the herds was carried out using serological analysis of blood serum samples. The assay of CAEV-specific antibodies in blood serum was performed using ELISA test. As a result of the observations it was established that with regards to the provinces, the prevalence level ranged from 35.40% in Mazowieckie province to 81.10% in Lubelskie province, and the average infection rate of animals in the studied region was 51.60%. As far as the breeds are concerned, it was found that the observed infection rate of the Saanen goat population was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than the rates for improved white goat (48.90%) and Alpine goat (50.00%). In relation to the colored improved goat, the calculated statistical difference was greater (p ≤ 0.01), and the percentage of infected animals was 32.10%. The analysis of the infection rate in the Boer goat herd revealed that 66.70% of animals are seropositive, and the statistical analysis did not show any significant differences in prevalence compared to other studied breeds. To sum up, it should be noted that the improvement of the situation may be attributed to consistent examination of goats and development of CAEV-elimination programs for herds. When creating programs aimed at the elimination of the virus it is also important to remember to raise the awareness of the farmers with regards to the detrimental effect of CAEV infections..

scholarly journals Assessment of the Level of Interleukin IL 5 and IL 17 in Patients Infected with some Intestinal Parasites and H. pylori

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Firas Fahad Habeeb ◽  
Ali Mohammed Abed
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Interleukin 5 ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
H Pylori

The current study aimed to assess the level of interleukin IL 5 and IL 17 in patients infected with E. histolytica, G. lamblia parasites and H. pylori who suffer from diarrhea and some intestinal disorders, who attended Shirqat General Hospital / Salah al-Din Governorate, during the period from October 2020 to March 2021. The number of faecal samples examined was 409. The parasite infection were detected and investigated using direct wet smear and ether-formalin precipitation methods using light microscopy. All positive samples were examined for microscopic examination by antigen test for faecal samples and antibody test for rapid serum samples for detection of H. pylori co-infection of intestinal protozoa. The results showed that the total infection rate was 46 (11.24%) positive sample for the intestinal protozoa and 363 (88.7%) negative sample, E. histolytica was the higher with 67.38%, followed by Giardia lamblia with 32.61%. The results of the bacterial detection showed that 13 (28.26) positive samples and 33 (71.73%) negative samples, and the rate of co-infection between E. histolytica and H. pylori 9 (29.03%) was higher than the infection rate between Giardia lamblia and H. pylori 4 (26.66%). As for evaluating the level of Cytokines studied, the concentrations of some anti-inflammatory kinetics such as interleukin-5 and some pro-inflammatory kinetics such as interleukin-17 were estimated using ELISA technique. The results showed an increase in the concentration of interleukin-5 in the serum of patients with intestinal protozoa infections, as its concentration reached (10.956 ± 2.381 ml/Pg) compared to the control group (4.334 ± 1.434 ml/Pg), As for the patients infected with H. pylori (4.284±1.260 ml/Pg), there was no increase in the concentration of interleukin-5 compared to the control group (the healthy ones), While the concentration of IL-17 was lower in patients with intestinal protozoa infections (30.114 ± 4.877 ml/Pg) compared to the control group (35.665 ± 3.198 ml/Pg), As well as in patients infected with H. pylori bacteria (31.097±2.001 pg/ml) compared to the control group. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant significant differences in the concentration of each of interleukin 5 and 17, which were statistically significant at the level of probability ≤ 0.01 P.

Failure of Ixodes Ticks To InheritBorrelia afzelii Infection

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 3089-3091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz-Rainer Matuschka ◽  
Thomas W. Schinkel ◽  
Birte Klug ◽  
Andrew Spielman ◽  
Dania Richter
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Serial Passage ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Borrelia Afzelii ◽  
Dark Field Microscopy ◽  
Ixodes Ticks

ABSTRACT To define conditions promoting inherited infection by Lyme disease spirochetes in Ixodes ticks, we variously infected ticks with Borrelia afzelii and examined their progenies by dark-field microscopy, immunofluorescence, PCR, and serial passage. No episode of inherited infection was evident, regardless of instar or gender infected or frequency of exposure. We suggest that these spirochetes rarely, if ever, are inherited by vector ticks.

Sen Virus Infection in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Bang-Gee Hsu ◽  
Li-Yu Wang ◽  
Chi-Tan Hu ◽  
Chih-Hsien Wang ◽  
Te-Chao Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sen Virus

Background Many reports have demonstrated SEN virus (SEN-V) infection rates in hemodialysis patients, but the SEN-V infection rate in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients has never been reported. In this study, we determined the prevalence rate of SEN-V viremia in a PD population. Methods Serum samples from 47 PD patients and a control group of 43 subjects from the general population at their health examination were assayed for SEN-V-D and -H viremia using polymerase chain reaction. Results The proportions of female gender ( p = 0.001), previous transfusion ( p < 0.0001), and higher mean serum AST level ( p = 0.012) were significantly higher in PD patients. The prevalence rates of SEN-V-D and/or -H viremia were not significantly different between PD patients and controls (27.7% vs 32.6%). SEN-V-D(+) patients had lower mean duration of PD than SEN-V(–) patients. Mean ALT level was significantly lower in SEN-V-H(+) than in SEN-V(–) patients (12.8 ± 5.8 vs 19.6 ± 12.1 (IU/L), p = 0.025). None of the SEN-V-infected PD patients had overt clinical or biochemical signs of liver disease. There were no statistically significant differences in prevalence of SEN-V-D and/or -H viremia between automated PD (APD) patients and continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) patients. Conclusions These results indicate that the SEN-V infection rate is not different between healthy individuals and PD patients. Infection with SEN-V is not associated with evident liver disease in PD patients and SEN-V infection rate is not different between APD patients and CAPD patients.

scholarly journals Study of leptospirosia in animal and livestock

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Enkhtsetseg N ◽  
Altankhuu B ◽  
Narangerel B
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Swine Serum ◽  
Sera Samples

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease that affects vulnerable populations such as rural subsistence farmers and urban slum dwellers. Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by pathogenic organisms belonging to the genus leptospira, that are transmitted directly or indirectly from animals to humans. In Mongolian human cases of leptospirosis has not been reported yet and this zoonotic disease not well study. We had use the kit in order to detect Pomona, Tarassovi, Hebdomadis, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Sejroe and Canicola serotype by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. We analyzed 397 samples of bovine serum by indirect ELISA. The bovine serum samples were collected from Selenge province, and out of 101 samples 2 were positive. And, out of 171 bovine 1 serum was positive in Tov province. In contrast, no positive samples detected in 137 swine serum. Linnodee leptospira /ireland/- ELISA kit can detect a swine Bratislava serotype and cattle Hardjo serotype. To detect Hardjo serotype, 397 samples of cattle serum and 137 samples of swine serum were investigated. The 29 serum of cattle were positive, which has 7.3% infection rate, and, only one swine sera was positive out of 137, that has 0.73% infection rate. The 137 swine serum were tested by ELISA, which can detect Leptospira Bratislava serotype; and 12 out of that were positive. This indicates 8.7% of all sample are positive. Total of 397 bovine sera were examined by ELISA and specific antibody against Pomona, Tarassovi, Hebdomadis, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Sejroe and Canicola serotype detected in 0,75 % (3 sera samples). Hardjo serotype detected in 7.3 % (29 sera) of bovine samples and 7.6 % (1 serum) of 13 swine sera samples and furthermore, bratislava serotype antibody detected in 8.7% (12 sera) of the pigs included in our study. Our study indicates that risk of human leptospirosis infection through animal derived food consumption, soil and water contamination is present due to prevalence of hardjo and bratislava serotype in cattle and pig farms. These results correlates with study conducted by Odontsetseg N. PhD in 2005 which stated that Hardjo serotype of Leptospira interrogans was detected in cattle herd in our country and these suggest that leptospirosis is prevalent in certain regions of our country. Мал амьтны лептоспирозийн тандан судалгааны дүн Хураангуй:  Мал амьтны гаралтай хүнсний бүтээгдэхүүн ус, хөрсөөр дамжин хүнд халдварладаг зооноз өвчин болох Лептоспирозийн танадан судалгааг Булган, Орхон, Сэлэнгэ, Төв аймгууд болон Улаанбаатар хот орчмоос цуглуулсан үхрийн 721, гахайн 169, зарим мэрэгч амьтдын 108, усны 22 нийт 1020 сорьцыг ийлдэс судлал болон молекул биологи, нян судлалын аргаар шинжлэв. Судалгааны дүнд шинжилгээнд хамрагдсан нийт 397 үхрийн сорьцны 32 буюу 8.06%, 137 гахайн сорьцны 13 буюу 9.4%-д нь L. pomona, L. tarassovi, L. hebdomadis, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. grippotyphosa, L. sejroe, L. canicola, L. hardjo, L. bratislava хэвшлүүдийн эсрэг үүссэн өвөрмөц эсрэгбием тус тус илрэв. Лептоспирозийн байгалийн дамжуулагч болох мэрэгчийн 108-н сорьцонд Полимериазан Гинжин Урвал (ПГУ) тавихад 8 сорьц буюу 7.4%-д нь лептоспирозийн G1, G2 генийн өвөрмөц бүтээгдэхүүн илэрсэн болно. Ийлдэс судлал, ПГУ- аар эерэг гарсан сорьцуудад үүсгэгч илрүүлэх нян судлалын шинжилгээ хийсэн боловч үүсгэгч өсгөвөрлөгдсөнгүй. Манай орны Орхон, Сэлэнгийн сав газар, Архангай, Төв аймаг, Улаанбаатар хот орчмын үхэр, гахай, мэрэгчидийн сорьц лептоспирозоор эерэг дүн үзүүлсэн нь манай орны мал амьтан, мэрэгчидэд өвчний халдварлалт байгааг харуулж байна. Түлхүүр үг: Leptospira, үүсгэгч, өвөрмөц эсрэгбием, ийлдсийн хэвшил, ген

scholarly journals Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi inIxodes ricinus Ticks in Urban Recreational Areas of Helsinki

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1361-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Junttila ◽  
Miikka Peltomaa ◽  
Hanna Soini ◽  
Merja Marjamäki ◽  
Matti K. Viljanen
Keyword(s):  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Tick Infection ◽  
Dark Field Microscopy

Lyme borreliosis, an infection caused by the tick-borne spirocheteBorrelia burgdorferi, is a major health problem for populations in areas of endemicity in the Northern Hemisphere. In the present study we assessed the density of ticks and the prevalence ofB. burgdorferi sensu lato among ticks in popular urban recreational areas of Helsinki, Finland. Altogether 1,688 Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from five areas located within 5 km of the downtown section of Helsinki, and 726 of them (303 nymphs, 189 females, and 234 males) were randomly chosen for laboratory analysis. The midguts of the ticks were divided into three pieces, one for dark-field microscopy, one for cultivation in BSK-II medium, and one for PCR analysis. Ticks were found in all the study areas; their densities varied from 1 to 36 per 100 m along which a cloth was dragged. The rate of tick infection with B. burgdorferi sensu lato varied from 19 to 55%, with the average being 32%. Borellia afzelii was the most predominant genospecies in all the areas, and no B. burgdorferi sensu stricto isolates were detected. Only two ticks were concurrently infected with both B. afzelii and Borrelia garinii. Dark-field microscopy gave more positive results for B. burgdorferi than did cultivation or PCR analysis. However, the agreement between all three methods was fairly good. We conclude that Lyme borreliosis can be contracted even in urban environments not populated with large mammals like deer or elk. The disease should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of certain symptoms of patients from these areas, and the use of measures to improve the awareness of the general population and health care officials of the risk of contracting the disease is warranted.

scholarly journals Entomological and ecological index for risk of infection causing lyme disease in territory of Vojvodina, Serbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Potkonjak ◽  
Aleksandar Jurisic ◽  
Aleksandra Petrovic ◽  
Slobodan Nicin ◽  
Dragana Rajkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Tick Population ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Ecological Index

In Europe, of all the vector transmitted diseases, the occurrence of lyme disease is the one most often registered, and the most significant vector Borrelia burgdorferi is the tick Ixodes ricinus. Both humans and animals contract lyme disease. The risk of the occurrence of lyme disease is in correlation with potential exposure to tick bites and depends on the density of the tick population in the endemic area, the percentage of ticks infected with the cause of lyme disease, the duration and the nature of the activity of the susceptible population in a certain area. The objective of these investigations was to determine the entomological and the ecological risk index, as well as to assess the risk of transmission of the cause of lyme disease in the territory of Vojvodina Province in the Republic of Serbia. Ticks were collected at 12 locations in the South Backa District of Vojvodina. A total of 1400 ticks were identified up to the level of species. After establishing the infection of ticks with the cause of lyme disease, the entomological and the ecological index was determined for the given regions using microscopic examination in a dark field. Two species of ticks aere identified in this geographic region (Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor marginatus). Examining I. ricinus, the prevalence of infection B. burgdorferi was established, ranging up to 33.1%. The ecological risk index indicates that there is a potential risk of humans and animals becoming infected at 8 localities. It was determined for 3 localities that there is a definite actual risk of the transferrence of causes of lyme disease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document