Tukulor weavers and the organisation of their craft in village and town

Africa ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Dilley
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Cloth Production ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Opening ParagraphThe subject of weavers has until recently received surprisingly little detailed attention from writers on Africa, given the importance of cloth in local and regional trade, particularly in West Africa. Yet, even here, cloth trading has received scholarly attention in the works of Hodder (1967, 1980) and of Johnson (1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980). In addition crafts and craftsmen have been the subject matter of occasional papers and collected works (for example, d'Azevedo, 1973; Hallpike, 1968; Llovd, 1953; Murray, 1943), but few authors have concentrated on weavers alone. More specifically African cloth and textiles have received greater coverage in the works of Picton and Mack (1979) and of the Lambs (1975, 1980, 1981, 1984), though the actual organisation of production has by and large been overlooked. Before the publication of Esther Goody's collection From Craft to Industry in 1982, which has provided us with two examples of the development of cloth production for market in Nigeria and Ghana, possibly the only article to deal with the organisation of traditional weaving is Bray's (1968) contribution on weaving in Iseyin, Nigeria.

العربية المقاربة المقاصديّة في ردّ ابن فودي على القادح في جلستهم الدعويّة

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alawiye Abdulmumin Abdurrazzaq ◽  
Ahmad Wifaq Mokhtar ◽  
Abdul Manan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Subject

This article is aimed to examine the extent of the application of Islamic legal objectives by Sheikh Abdullah bn Fudi in his rejoinder against one of their contemporary scholars who accused them of being over-liberal about the religion. He claimed that there has been a careless intermingling of men and women in the preaching and counselling gathering they used to hold, under the leadership of Sheikh Uthman bn Fudi (the Islamic reformer of the nineteenth century in Nigeria and West Africa). Thus, in this study, the researchers seek to answer the following interrogations: who was Abdullah bn Fudi? who was their critic? what was the subject matter of the criticism? How did the rebutter get equipped with some guidelines of higher objectives of Sharĩʻah in his rejoinder to the critic? To this end, this study had tackled the questions afore-stated by using inductive, descriptive and analytical methods to identify the personalities involved, define and analyze some concepts and matters considered as the hub of the study.

Definitions and Intellectual Property Subject Matter

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Pila
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Legal Definition ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scholarly Attention

This chapter considers the relative absence of scholarly attention to the meaning of the terms used to denote the subject matter that IP rights protect and the nature of those subject matter themselves. It then outlines the aims and methods of the definitional task undertaken in later chapters, and the stages in which that task proceeds. Using the distinction drawn by Richard Robinson, it proposes a nominal word:thing definitional exercise, rather than a word:word exercise, that considers recent use of the terms to be defined by European and UK legal officials. Drawing on the stipulative nature of authoritative legal definition, it also proposes an explicative aspect to the definitional exercise, focused on clarifying legal officials’ understandings of the relevant terms in the light of the relevant legal and policy context. And finally, it summarizes the conclusions reached at each stage of the definitional exercise undertaken in later chapters.

scholarly journals Is Open Science Neoliberal?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duygu Uygun Tunç ◽  
Mehmet Necip Tunç ◽  
Ziya Batuhan Eper
Keyword(s):  
Science Policy ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Monolithic Structure ◽  
Scholarly Attention

The scientific reform movement, which is frequently referred to as open science, has the potential to substantially reshape how science is done, and for this reason, its socio-political antecedents and consequences deserve serious scholarly attention. In a recently formed literature that professes to meet this need, it has been widely argued that the movement is neoliberal. However, for two reasons it is hard to justify this wide-scale attribution: 1) the critics mistakenly attribute the movement a monolithic structure, and 2) the critics' arguments associating the movement with neoliberalism are highly questionable. In particular, critics too hastily associate the movement’s preferential focus on methodological issues and its underlying philosophy of science with neoliberalism, and their allegations regarding the pro-market proclivities of the reform movement do not hold under closer scrutiny. What is needed are more nuanced accounts of the socio-political underpinnings of scientific reform that show more respect to the complexity of the subject matter. To address this need, we propose a meta-model for the analysis of reform proposals, which represents methodology, axiology, science policy, and ideology as interconnected but relatively distinct domains, and allows for recognizing the divergent tendencies in the movement.

Dismissal and elevation: Mamoulian’s musical numbers and the early sound era

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Slowik
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Medium Specificity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
Personal Viewpoint

Though the musical numbers in Applause (1929) and Love Me Tonight (1932) are decidedly different, they share two characteristics: both were highly unusual at the time of their release, and both were directed by the same man: Rouben Mamoulian. This article examines these differing numbers as the work of a director with a surprisingly unified vision of cinema, and assesses their level of innovation within the early sound era. In these films, Mamoulian, an unabashed intellectual, put into practice theories of medium specificity and stylization that he had developed in his theatre work, theories that have received little scholarly attention. Believing that an artist uses medium-specific tools to transform the subject matter so as to express an artist’s personal viewpoint on the material, Mamoulian sought cinematic ways to stylishly dismiss and deride his numbers in Applause and elevate them in Love Me Tonight. In doing so, Mamoulian charted early and important ways in which musical numbers could be conceptualized and executed.

On the Survival of the Bushmen: With an Estimate of the Problem Facing Anthropologists

Africa ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip V. Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Physical Anthropology ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Direction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
The University ◽  
Second Category

Opening ParagraphThe last decade has seen a considerable revival of interest in the physical anthropology of the Bushman-Hottentot peoples. In the period 1952-5 no fewer than 34 papers with a bearing on this topic have been published, of a total of 46 in the decade 1946-55. This contrasts with 7 works in this category in the four years 1948-51. The subject-matter has been shared fairly evenly between studies on the living and those on skeletal remains. In the former category are studies on Nama Hottentots (Wells), Strandlopers (Dart), Koranas (Grobbelaar, Tobias), Sandawe (Trevor), Lake Chrissie Bushmen (Toerien), Northern Bushmen (Wells, Gusinde, Erikson, Williams, Tobias), River Bushmen (Hurwitz and Harington), Central Bushmen (Tobias), hybrids (Trevor, Wells, Tobias), and on blood groups (Zoutendyck, Kopec and Mourant, Grobbelaar). In the second category are craniological studies by Cosnett, Dart, Drennan, Dreyer and Meiring, Grobbelaar, Hope, Keen, Sauter, Tobias, Toerien, Wells, on a variety of recent, proto-historic, and prehistoric remains. Two thirds of all these studies have been focused primarily upon Bushmen. Furthermore, plans for additional anthropometrical and anthroposcopic surveys of surviving Bushmen are at present being elaborated in the Department of Anatomy of the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg—from which Department, under the general direction and inspiration of Professor Raymond A. Dart, more than half the studies referred to have emanated. It is hoped that, in the coming years, a series of expeditions will visit Bushman tribes, more particularly in those areas which have not hitherto been studied from a physical anthropological point of view.

Some Notes on Nilotic, ‘Nilo-Hamitic’, and Hamito-Semitic, by Joseph H. Greenberg

Africa ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hohenberger
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Word List ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphBy the courtesy of the author and of the editor of Africa I was able to see the proofs of the above-mentioned article in order that I might prepare a reply. As Greenberg deals mainly with the subject-matter of my article ‘Comparative Masai Word List’ (Africa, xxvi. 3, pp. 281-7), I feel that I should make some brief comments on his argument and his criticisms. I shall first examine the specific points of his criticism, and shall then discuss the more important questions and facts concerning the relations of Masai (and Nilo-Hamitic) to Hamito-Semitic.

The Study of Native Court Records as a Method of Ethnological Inquiry

Africa ◽  
1938 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. De Z. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Social Maladjustment ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphWherever native courts have been established and maintain W records of their proceedings, there is available a mass of material concerning native law and custom which, properly regarded, may be of great value to the ethnographer as well as to the administrator. In Tanganyika Territory, from one portion of which the material for the present paper is derived, the making of elaborate records of evidence and judgements is deprecated at the present stage of development, as likely to interfere with the smooth working of the courts. A minimum is required of the names of parties, a brief statement of the subject-matter, and a short judgement signed by the holder of the court, be he chief, headman, or chairman of a council. Under such circumstances, a study of records will show, at the least, the types of social maladjustment which bring people to court, with the relative frequency of different kinds of case: the manner in which different types of case are viewed by the court, whether as offences against society or as affecting only families or individuals: and probably some general indication of the tone of the society. From this type of record there will be an upward range to the most valuable of all for the student, those containing a precis of evidence and a full reasoned judgement.

Adjustment to West African realities: the Lebanese in Senegal

Africa ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saïd Boumedouha
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
West African ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Mixed Reaction

Opening ParagraphThe century-old Lebanese presence in West Africa has been the subject of mixed reaction from the host societies. While many Africans, including political leaders, have defended this presence in the belief that it has been very beneficial for their countries, others have strongly criticised it, arguing that the Lebanese have blocked the way to Africans in trade, repatriated their capital and used many kinds of malpractices in their trading activities. In Senegal, which is the subject of this article, French small and medium traders opposed the presence of the Lebanese during the colonial period because the latter became their main competitors. The groundnut trade was the country's main economic activity and there was a great demand for this product in Europe. The major European companies were keen to increase exports and, in this, they relied on the Lebanese who, in the first decades of this century, acted as middlemen.

Words

PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1320-1327
Author(s):  
Colbert Searles
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
The Subject

THE germ of that which follows came into being many years ago in the days of my youth as a university instructor and assistant professor. It was generated by the then quite outspoken attitude of colleagues in the “exact sciences”; the sciences of which the subject-matter can be exactly weighed and measured and the force of its movements mathematically demonstrated. They assured us that the study of languages and literature had little or nothing scientific about it because: “It had no domain of concrete fact in which to work.” Ergo, the scientific spirit was theirs by a stroke of “efficacious grace” as it were. Ours was at best only a kind of “sufficient grace,” pleasant and even necessary to have, but which could, by no means ensure a reception among the elected.

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