A Note on Treaty Ratification

1953 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1130-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Marcy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Constitution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treaty Ratification ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Voice

On June 13, 1952, with two senators on the floor, the Senate of the United States gave its advice and consent to the ratification of three treaties which thereby became a part of the supreme law of the land. One of the senators did not vote. The other voiced his “aye” while serving as presiding officer.The conventions approved by the voice vote of one senator were the Consular Convention with Ireland; a Protocol Supplementary to the said Convention; and the Consular Convention with the United Kingdom.Article II, Section 2 of the United States Constitution provides that the President shall have power “to make Treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur….” Even though, under Article I, Section 5, Clause 2, “Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, …” how, as a matter of law, was it possible for the Senate, with but two senators on the floor, one of whom did not vote and the other of whom was in the chair, to give its advice and consent to a treaty? And as a matter of policy was the Senate in this case properly discharging its responsibilities?

Contribution of child maintenance to lone mothers’ income in five countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Hakovirta ◽  
Merita Jokela
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Income Quintile ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Lone Mothers ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
Child Maintenance

This study uses the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) data from 2013 to study (1) the contribution of child maintenance to the income packages of lone mothers, (2) the proportion of lone mothers receiving child maintenance and the level of child maintenance for those receiving it and (3) the extent to which child maintenance is helping families who may need it the most (those at the low end of the income distribution), compared with families with moderate or higher incomes. Our analysis covers data from five countries: Finland, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom and the United States. Our results show that in all countries except the United Kingdom, labour income is an important source of income for lone mothers and less than 40 percent of income comes from social transfers. Child maintenance contributes significantly to the income of lone mothers, particularly in Spain, followed by the United States and Germany. We find the highest coverage of child maintenance receipt in Finland. In the other countries, only one-third of lone mother households receive child maintenance. The median amounts of maintenance are the lowest in the United Kingdom and Finland, but there is great variation in the level of child maintenance within countries. The comparison of the quintile groups reveals that in the United States, the lone mothers in lowest income quintile do not seem to benefit as much from child maintenance compared with the highest income quintiles, whereas in Finland, Germany and Spain, more lone mothers in the low-income quintiles receive maintenance. However, amounts are quite equal across income quintiles.

Chapter I. The Economy in 1979

1980 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 8-26
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
West Germany ◽  
The Other ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Made In

The United Kingdom economy remained almost stagnant in 1979 with GDP being only 0.6 per cent higher than in 1978. Not only is this a dismal end to a generally depressed period of seven years but the outlook for the beginning of the 1980s is even worse, as we discuss in chapter II on the home economy. In comparison with the United States, Japan, West Germany, France and the OECD countries as a whole the UK performance has been slow, as is clear from chart I. However if similar comparisons with the other countries had been made in 1969 or 1959 the UK performance would also have been seen to be relatively slow. This picture of a stagnant aggregate economy in 1979 covers up an underlying picture of considerable fluctuation in the components of the economy.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Legal Education in the United States and the United Kingdom: How one system became more faculty-oriented while the other became more consumer-oriented

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Stuckey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The United Kingdom

<p>This paper explores how our approaches to preparing lawyers for practice became so different. It traces the evolution of the systems for preparing lawyers for practice in the United Kingdom and the United States, and it examines the relative merits of our current situations. Part I describes the key differences in our systems. Part II recounts major events in the histories of legal education in the United States and the United Kingdom. Part III describes new initiatives in the United Kingdom and the United States that may improve legal education.</p>

scholarly journals G7 summit – analysis of decisions taken to step up on climate change challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 08017
Author(s):  
Carmen Valentina Radulescu ◽  
Iulian Gole ◽  
Marius Profiroiu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The United Kingdom

Research background: After the summit of G7 held in the United Kingdom, important decisions regarding future actions against global warming were taken. Some of them were appreciated by the environmental supporters but many others tend to have a different view, especially because of lack of details. Purpose of the article: In this article, we will analyse what are the measure proposed by the most powerful and developed countries, members of G7, what is the position of the other big countries (China and Russia) that were not invited, and how this could really contribute to the saving environment progress. Methods: Through descriptive and comparative analysis the paper reveals the financial and technical difficulties to implement these decisions and how they can contribute to a better environment and achieve the COP 21 objective. Findings & Value added: The stress caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in all economies didn’t cancel the engagement of countries taken in Paris, to limit the rise of global temperatures to 1.50C comparing to the preindustrial era. The United States even came back on track and, generally speaking, it appears that there is a stronger will to take concrete actions.

Dissertations on Hungarian History completed since 1920

1973 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 266-293
Author(s):  
John Komlos
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The One ◽  
Academic Degrees

This compilation was conceived as a means of encouraging research in Hungarian history. It is limited to dissertations completed for academic degrees in Austria, Canada, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Unless otherwise noted, all entries refer to Ph. D. dissertations. In preparing the European entries, no attempt was made to distinguish between the degrees of Doctorat de Spécialité, Doctorat d'État, and Doctorat de l'Université, on the one hand, or Dissertationen and Habilitationsschriften, on the other. The chronological limits of the compilation extend from 1920 to 1972.

International Immunities in English Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 643-663
Author(s):  
Philippa Webb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Middle Ground ◽  
Incremental Development ◽  
State Immunity ◽  
The North ◽  
The United Kingdom

This chapter sets out the approach of the courts of England and Wales (English courts) to the immunities of states, foreign officials, and international organizations. It discusses similarities with and differences from other jurisdictions, with a focus on the United States as the other key influence in the development of the restrictive doctrine of state immunity. The United Kingdom has engaged in incremental development of the law on immunity as compared to the more sui generis developments in the North America and the activist approach driven by domestic constitutional norms or universal jurisdiction legislation in continental Europe. The United Kingdom State Immunity Act, underpinned by four decades of interpretation and practice, can be said to represent a middle ground in the evolving landscape of immunity.

Progress in Iron and Steel: 1870–1913

1961 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Orsagh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Iron And Steel Industry ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
The United Kingdom

At the beginning of the period 1870–1913 the United Kingdom was the acknowledged leader in the iron and steel industry; at its end she was in some sense or other a third-rate iron and steel producer, surpassed by the United States and Germany. The first section of this paper will formulate definitions of “loss of leadership” which are statistically verifiable and economically significant, and will determine whether or not, for a given sense of the term, it is true that the United Kingdom fell behind the other countries. The second section considers some of the factors which led to the U. K.'s “loss of leadership”.

A Matter of Balance: A French Perspective on Limited Strikes

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Jean-Baptiste Jeangène Vilmer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Justification ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Limited Warfare

AbstractWhat are the philosophical arguments justifying limited strikes? This essay, as part of the roundtable “The Ethics of Limited Strikes,” adopts a French perspective both because France is, along with the United States and the United Kingdom, one of the states that launched such limited strikes in recent years, and because it developed a limited warfare ethos. There is something specific about such an ethos that makes it particularly receptive to the jus ad vim framework and, therefore, to the issue of limited strikes. This essay also builds on the case of the use (or threat) of limited force in Syria as a response to the country's use of chemical weapons between 2013 and 2018. Presented as a way to “punish” the Syrian regime as much as to “deter” it from using chemical weapons again, these limited strikes are a good illustration of the traditional retributive/preventive dichotomy of penal philosophy. I argue that the moral justification of those strikes should be guided by a consequentialist ethic, preventive rather than retributive. From a consequentialist perspective, limited strikes are justified when they “work”—that is, when they have a deterrent/compellent effect. For that to happen, they need to be credible and imply the potential of an escalation; the challenge being to keep the escalation under control. Carrying the risk of inefficacy at one end of the spectrum and of escalation at the other, limited strikes are indeed a matter of balance.

scholarly journals Forign Influences on the Geopolitical Evolution of Cyprus

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Ileana-Gentilia Metea
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
State Actors ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

Abstract The moments of turning around in Cyprus’ history have long been a source of opportunity for various state actors on the international stage, mentioning, on the one hand, the main stakeholders, Greece, Turkey, on the other, the big players, the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia. The way they have taken advantage of certain situations has made a visible influence on the fate of the island’s inhabitants, but has also been a source of dispute at several levels: economic, geopolitical, geostrategic etc.

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