Yugoslavia's Security Dilemmas: Armed Forces, National Defence and Foreign Policy

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
John C. Campbell ◽  
Marko Milivojevic ◽  
John B. Allcock ◽  
Pierre Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
National Defence

Serbia and Croatia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Ejdus
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Democratic Transition ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Small States ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Defence Strategy ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
National Defence

During the cold war, the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia was a middle-sized power pursuing a non-aligned foreign policy and a defence strategy based on massive armed forces, obligatory conscription, and a doctrine of ‘Total National Defence’. The violent disintegration of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s resulted in the creation of several small states. Ever since, their defence policies and armed forces have been undergoing a thorough transformation. This chapter provides an analysis of the defence transformation of the two biggest post-Yugoslav states—Serbia and Croatia—since the end of the cold war. During the 1990s, defence transformation in both states was shaped by the undemocratic nature of their regimes and war. Ever since they started democratic transition in 2000, and in spite of their diverging foreign policies, both states have pivoted towards building modern, professional, interoperable, and democratically controlled armed forces capable of tackling both traditional and emerging threats.

HUMAN SECURITY AND THE CONCEPTUALISATION OF SOUTH AFRICAN DEFENCE: TIME FOR A REAPPRAISAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Esterhuyse
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
South African ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
The South ◽  
The World ◽  
Strategic Changes ◽  
Security Operations ◽  
National Defence

The article traces the unfolding of the human security agenda as the primary organising framework for constructing the security outlook of the South African military. Questions are raised about the utility of human security as a conceptual basis for thinking about and the construction of defence. Human security is historically contextualised within the security conceptualisations of the 1990s. Since then, however, various geo-strategic changes in the world necessitated a return to a more traditional outlook on security and strategy. This reality was also increasingly visible in South Africa's foreign policy approaches and, more specifically, the employment of its armed forces in Africa. The article concludes by arguing, firstly, that the South African armed forces did not at any time critically question how a military should be organised, trained, and equipped for human security operations and, secondly, that the South African National Defence Force never questioned its own operational deployments through the human security perspective.

The Handbook of European Defence Policies and Armed Forces

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
National Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Blind Spot ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
National Defence

The armed forces of Europe have undergone a dramatic transformation since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The Handbook of European Defence Policies and Armed Forces provides the first comprehensive analysis of national security and defence policies, strategies, doctrines, capabilities, and military operations, as well as the alliances and partnerships of European armed forces in response to the security challenges Europe has faced since the end of the cold war. A truly cross-European comparison of the evolution of national defence policies and armed forces remains a notable blind spot in the existing literature. This Handbook aims to fill this gap with fifty-one contributions on European defence and international security from around the world. The six parts focus on: country-based assessments of the evolution of the national defence policies of Europe’s major, medium, and lesser powers since the end of the cold war; the alliances and security partnerships developed by European states to cooperate in the provision of national security; the security challenges faced by European states and their armed forces, ranging from interstate through intra-state and transnational; the national security strategies and doctrines developed in response to these challenges; the military capabilities, and the underlying defence and technological industrial base, brought to bear to support national strategies and doctrines; and, finally, the national or multilateral military operations by European armed forces. The contributions to The Handbook collectively demonstrate the fruitfulness of giving analytical precedence back to the comparative study of national defence policies and armed forces across Europe.

Cultural diplomacy: symbiosis of cultural and legal potential

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Oksana Stasevska ◽  
Illia Malanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Diplomacy ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Cultural Images

Problem setting. The study of the potential of cultural diplomacy has been growing rapidly in recent times. This is due to the realization of the failures of traditional and «force» diplomacy, which often demonstrate the inability to ensure the successful solution of important international problems. Researchers note the need to use cultural diplomacy to intensify and increase the effectiveness of international cooperation. Target of research. Understanding the actualization of cultural diplomacy of Ukraine in the modern world, an attempt to analyze its legal basis. Analysis of resent researches and publications. The concep «cultural diplomacy» is more common in scientific discourse. Scientists such as D. Vedeneev, V. Kostrov, T. Peresunko, N. Musienko, V. Tsyvaty, M. Kulinich, O. Rozumna, and others have contributed to the development of the role of cultural diplomacy in the foreign policy vector of the Ukraine. Political science works predominate among the researches. Few works analyze the legal aspects of cultural diplomacy. Article’s main body. In the context of globalization there is a loss of national origins. Therefore, states must use all their potential to preserve and enhance their own and the world’s cultural heritage, mutual understanding and support of interethnic harmony. International legal thought defines the concept of «diplomacy» in different ways, sometimes identifying it with international law or foreign policy. However, diplomacy is one of the most important tools of foreign policy, along with its components such as the armed forces, intelligence, economic ties, and so on. Cultural diplomacy is a type of diplomacy that uses the country’s cultural heritage as a means to an end. The role of cultural potential in international relations is highly valued. It is cultural diplomacy, not the use of force to impose political, ideological ideas, which aims to unite countries. Ukraine is returning to the active use of cultural diplomacy tools in the XXI century, when there was an urgent need for broad international support for the implementation of ambitious European integration plans. The system of coordination, stimulation and organization of cultural activities at the international level allows identifying the tasks of cultural diplomacy of Ukraine. Ukrainian cultural diplomacy based on international legal instruments ratified by Ukraine and acts of national legislation. The analysis of the problem allows determining the urgent task of creating a favorable legislative framework for the maximum effectiveness of cultural diplomacy. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The filling of legal gaps in cultural diplomacy should take place in the vector of recognition of culture as a subject of foreign policy, awareness of its reputational and social potential. Ukraine faces the task of updating old and finding new cultural images and symbols to create a decent image of the country, as well as to create an appropriate legal framework for the effective implementation of the tasks of cultural diplomacy.

scholarly journals VOJAŠKOMEDICINSKA OBVEŠČEVALNA DEJAVNOST Z OMEJENIMI VIRI NA PRIMERU MAJHNIH DRŽAV

2014 ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
TANJA KOVAČ KREMŽAR
Keyword(s):  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Health It ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Threat Analysis ◽  
Effective Program ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Bio Engineering ◽  
National Defence

Slovenska vojska poleg nacionalne obrambe opravlja naloge v mednarodnih operacijah in na misijah v zahtevnih podnebnih in geografskih razmerah zunaj območja držav članic Nata in EU. Zavezniške sile, ki opravljajo svoje poslanstvo na ozemljih zunaj Natovega območja, so lahko izpostavljene različnim dejavnikom tveganja, ki vplivajo na njihovo zdravje. Za njihovo ustrezno zdravstveno zaščito je treba sprejeti in izvajati učinkovit program, ki naj bo namenjen tako zdravstvenemu osebju kot poveljnikom. Strokovno zdravstveno osebje pridobiva zdravstvene podatke, na primer ocenjuje okoljske in zdravstvene vire ogrožanja, prepozna tveganja in izdela analizo groženj, ter jih vključuje v upravljanje tveganj. MEDINT ima pomembno vlogo v razmerju med zdravstvenim sistemom in krovno obveščevalno dejavnostjo, uporablja zakonitosti njenega obveščevalnega ciklusa, saj se na nekaterih stopnjah obveščevalni ciklus MEDINT vključuje v obveščevalni ciklus krovne obveščevalne dejavnosti. Končni obveščevalni proizvod MEDINT, ki temelji na oceni zdravstvene ogroženosti, podpira poveljnikov namen in operacijo. In addition to providing for national defence, the Slovenian Armed Forces perform tasks in demanding climatic and geographical conditions in international operations and missions outside the territory of NATO and EU Member States. Allied forces performing their mission in the territories outside the NATO area may be exposed to various threats that affect their health. For the protection of the forces` health, it is necessary to adopt and implement an effective program, which should be aimed, both, at healthcare personnel as well as commanders. Professional medical staff obtains medical data, assesses environmental and medical threats, identifies the risks, carries out threat analysis and implements them in risk management. Medical intelligence (MEDINT) plays an important role in the relation between the health system and intelligence activities. It also uses the intelligence cycle to ensure that all available information for making assessments is processed. To be fully efficient MEDINT requires the cooperation of experts from different natural science disciplines (medical, scientific or bio-engineering). The final MEDINT product based on the health threat assessment supports the commander’s intent and the operation as such.

Indian South Pacific turn: causes and possible consequences

2021 ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Kupriyanov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Indian Politics ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean World ◽  
Indian Foreign Policy ◽  
Near Future

Until recently, Oceania was on the periphery of Indian foreign policy. This was due to a number of historical, political and economic reasons: the polities of Oceania historically weren’t a part of the Indian Ocean world; they gained independence too late, and the volume of India's trade with most of them is insignificant. The situation began to change after Narendra Modi came to power in 2014, but this process soon stalled. However, in recent months, there has been a sharp surge in Indian interest in Oceania. In the author's opinion, this is due to three processes: India's desire to enlist the support of its solar energy initiatives, the awareness of the weakness of its strategy of containing China in the Indian Ocean and and the formation of a triple informal alliance with the participation of India, Australia and France, which seems beneficial for these countries. The article analyzes the main imperatives and tasks of India, shows the process of their changes. The author points out that Fiji has historically played a major role in Indian politics in Oceania, but notes that in the near future Indian interest in Papua New Guinea and Tonga, two other island countries with their own armed forces, will grow. The article describes the existing interaction between India and the countries of the South Pacific and promising fields of cooperation. The author notes that Indian expansion in the region opens up new prospects for Russia and puts before it the question of formulating its own Indo-Pacific strategy, which would be combined with the Indian vision.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document