The Effects of Rice Agriculture on Prehistoric Korea

1982 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Shang Dynasty ◽  
Rice Agriculture

Rice was first introduced from China 1122 B.C., but millet had already been grown there for many centuries.” When Hulbert (1906:15) wrote these words in the early years of this century, he presumably followed some written or oral tradition regarding Kija's (Chi-tzu), the legendary agnate of the last Shang king, bringing rice to Korea. It is interesting that there was a tradition that millet cultivation preceded rice, which came from northern China at approximately 1100 B.C. Seventy-five years after Hulbert recorded the tradition in English, archaeological research has demonstrated that millet did precede rice in Korea, and that the timing of the introduction of rice at the end of the Shang dynasty is probably too late rather than too early.

Niyanpangu-bansu: An Important Archaeological Site for the Reconstitution of the History of Caravan Trade in Northern Benin

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-180
Author(s):  
Barpougouni Mardjoua
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Benin Republic

Abstract Regarding the history of Borgu (North Benin), well-known events are the legend of Kisra, the war of Ilorin (1835-1836), and the destruction of the city named Niyanpangu. Referred to as Niyanpangu-bansu after its destruction, this archaeological site is known mostly from oral tradition and is located approximately three hundred kilometers west of Nikki (northeast Benin Republic). It has great historical significance which could contribute to our understanding of the history of caravan trade in northern Benin. This paper presents the results of the first ever archaeological research on the site in 2013 and 2014.

The British Institute at Ankara: 60 years young

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Lutgarde Vandeput
Keyword(s):  
Early Years ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
British Institute ◽  
Regional Landscape ◽  
Working Practices

AbstractThis paper aims at providing a status quaestionis of the British Institute at Ankara's structure, remit and working-practices today, as well as offering an overview of the development it has gone through during its lifetime. The range of subjects and disciplines covered, as well as the diversity of projects supported today, clearly shows that the British Institute at Ankara (BIAA) has grown and developed considerably in the 60 years of its existence. Archaeological research is no longer concentrated mainly or exclusively on prehistoric or Byzantine sites, as in the early years of the Institute, even if these periods remain important areas of focus. Besides the excavations, the survey projects sponsored by the BIAA have built up a long and strong tradition, particularly of multi-period, regional landscape surveys. With these points of focus, the BIAA differs from other foreign institutes in Turkey.

scholarly journals Ze studiów nad dziejami klasztoru Kanoników Regularnych na górze Ślęży

2020 ◽  
pp. 239-254
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Domański
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Art Historians ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Written Sources

Fifteen years after my attempt at summing up the results of the historical, and above all archaeological research on Ślęża mountain (Domański 2002 ‒ research as of 2000) the time has come to make some minor corrections and important additions, mainly related to the early years of St. Augustine’s monastery in Ślęża, which from the 12th century to 1494 owned the majority of the massif, and after 1494 the entire mountain. The location of the monastery on Ślęża has been a matter of discussion since at least the 19th century. Written sources unambiguously speak of its location on the mountain. In 2000, I presented several purported stages of the monastery’s construction on top of the mountain. When, following new discoveries, the supposed location of the monastery changed, I put forward the hypothesis that there was a preliminarystage in the monastery’s construction (perhaps in cooperation with messengers from the parent monastery) when the materials were collected and the ground was prepared. Next, the monks arrived and almost immediately construction started. Completion (or discontinuation) of construction could have coincided with the monks’ flight in 1146 to Wrocław. On the basis of the scant archaeological material discovered in the monastery building, the conclusion should be drawn that no part of it was used. The suggested location of the monastery on the edge of the order’s property is an indication that looking after the terrain was not the main goal of the venture. The construction material, traces of the structure’s foundations, elements of stonemasonry and the Ślęża plaque all hint at construction having at least commenced, while it remains a mystery at which stage it was abandoned. Generally, the construction of the Ślęża monastery is associated with the “production” of granite sculptures of lions. More importantly, they were discovered beyond the Ślęża massif, but the majority of researchers attribute them to the monastery. I agree with most art historians that the objects date back to the 12th century. Bearing in mind that in Western and South-European architecture, similar sculptures were placed in pairs at the doors of magnificent buildings, as the bases of columns, the Ślęża lions (8) must have been planned as decoration of four imposing entrances. However, as a majority of them cannot be paired (they were dedicated to two sides of a gate), the number of the original statues must have been greater. The Ślęża lions share many features with similar statues from the St. Gallen abbey; bearing in mind the contacts of the founder (Palatine Peter Wlast), they could have been the prototypes for the Ślęża lions.

scholarly journals A literatura do Povo Baniwa na tradição oral (The literature of The Baniwa People in oral tradition)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 3380084
Author(s):  
Rosenilda Rodrigues de Freitas Luciano ◽  
Hellen Cristina Picanço Simas ◽  
Jefferson Gil da Rocha Silva
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
School Context ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Indigenous Literature ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Teaching Learning

The Baniwa People's literature in Indigenous and Portuguese languages is discussed as an educational didactic tool that promotes the appreciation of indigenous culture through the Baniwa People's indigenous ancestral stories in the school context. To this end, we used field research initiated in undergraduate studies by one of the authors in which traditional stories of the Baniwa people were collected from indigenous Baniwa scholars residing in Manaus. In the master's degree, there was a bibliographic research about the theme and the analysis of the study corpus. The study brought a small part of the ancestral Baniwa stories maintained through orality, which are significant to demonstrate how important it is to register them in writing in order to value traditional knowledge in the teaching-learning and literacy process since the early years, in order to promote ethnic and cultural belonging based on orality, which determines the lifestyle of the Baniwa, and, at the same time, contributing to the formation of indigenous writers as authors of their own stories.ResumoDiscute-se a literatura do Povo Baniwa em língua indígena e em língua portuguesa como instrumento didático pedagógico que promove a valorização da cultura indígena por meio das histórias ancestrais indígenas do Povo Baniwa no contexto escolar. Para tanto, servimo-nos de pesquisa de campo iniciada na graduação por uma das autoras em que foram coletadas histórias tradicionais do povo Baniwa junto a acadêmicos indígenas baniwa residentes em Manaus. Já no mestrado, realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica acerca da temática e as análises do corpus de estudo. O estudo trouxe uma pequena parte das histórias ancestrais baniwa mantidas por meio da oralidade, significantes para demonstrar o quão importante é registrá-las de forma escrita para valorização dos saberes tradicionais no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e letramento desde os anos iniciais, de modo a promover o pertencimento étnico e cultural baseado na oralidade, que determina o estilo de vida dos Baniwa, e, ao mesmo tempo, contribuindo para a formação de escritores indígenas como autores de suas próprias histórias.Palavras-chave: Literatura indígena, Tradição cultural e oralidade do povo Baniwa, Educação escolar indígena.Keywords: Indigenous literature, Cultural tradition and orality of the Baniwa people, Indigenous school education.ReferencesABBAGNANO, Nicola. Dicionário de Filosofia. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2003.BRASIL, Ministério da Educação. Referenciais para a formação de professores indígenas /Secretaria de Educação Fundamental. Brasília: MEC; SEF, 2002.COELHO, Nelly Novaes. Literatura Infantil: teoria, análise, didática. São Paulo: Moderna, 2000.D’ANGELIS, Wilmar da Rocha. Línguas Indígenas precisam de escritores? São Paulo: UNICAP, 2005.ISA. Baniwa: localização e população. Disponível em: https://pib.socioambiental.org/pt/Povo:Baniwa. Acesso em: 01.05.2020JECUPÉ, Kaká Werá. A Terra de Mil Povos: história indígena do Brasil contada por um índio. São Paulo: Peirópolis – (Série educação para a paz), 1998.LUCIANO, Gersem José dos Santos. Educação para manejo e domesticação do mundo entre a escola ideal e a escola real: os dilemas da educação escolar indígena no Alto Rio Negro. 2011. 368 f. Tese (Doutorado em Antropologia) Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2011.LUCIANO, Gersem José dos Santos. O índio brasileiro: o que você precisa saber sobre os povos indígenas no Brasil de hoje. Coleção Educação Para Todos. Série Vias dos Saberes Volume 1. Brasília: MEC/SECAD; Rio: LACED/Museu Nacional, 2006.LUCIANO, G. dos S. Educação para manejo do mundo: entre a escola ideal e a escola real no Alto Rio Negro. Rio de Janeiro: Contra Capa: Laced, 2013.LUCIANO, Rosenilda R. Freitas. Ação Saberes Indígenas na Escola: Alfabetização e Letramento com Conhecimentos Indígenas? 2019. 227 f. Dissertação de Mestrado em Educação. Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2019.MINDLIN, Betty. Texto e leitura na escola indígena. In: D’ANGELIS, Wilmar; VEIGA, Juracilda. (Orgs.). Leitura e escrita em escolas indígenas. Campinas, SP: ALB; Mercado das Letras, 1997. (Coleção Leitura das Letras).NEVES, Josélia Gomes. Alfabetização, Bilinguismo e Interculturalidade: Tematizando a prática pedagógica com docentes indígenas Arara-Karo e Gavião-Ikolen. 2008. Disponível em <http://www.abrapee.psc.br/documentos/cd_ix_conpe/IXCONPE_arquivos/22.pdf>. Acesso em: 23/11/2011.SILVA, Aracy Lopes da (org.). A Questão indígena na sala de aula: subsídios para professores de 1o e 2o graus.  São Paulo: Editora Brasiliense, 2. ed, 1993.SIMAS, Hellen Cristina Picanço; SILVA, Regina Celi Mendes. Mito dos mitos e lendas indígenas. In: GRIZOSTE, Weberson; ALBUQUERQUE, Renan. Estudos Clássicos e Humanísticos e Amazonidades. Parintins: EDUA, 2016.VIERTLER, Renate Brigitte. Adaptação de mitos indígenas na literatura infantil. In: SILVA, Aracy Lopes da (org.) A questão indígena na sala de aula. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1987.e3380084

14C DATING OF THE ERLITOU SITE

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Xuelian Zhang ◽  
Shihua Qiu ◽  
Lianzhen Cai ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Haitao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Shang Dynasty ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Ancient Documents ◽  
The Bronze Age

ABSTRACT This article outlines the research progress on radiocarbon (14C) dating of the Erlitou site. The Erlitou site, belonging to the Bronze Age, located in Yanshi, Henan province, China, was discovered by archaeologists in 1959 when they investigated the Xia people’s remains in the area where the Xia people lived according to the records of ancient documents. Since then, there has been a standing debate about whether the site belongs to the Xia or Shang dynasty. By the mid-1990s, several hundred discussion articles on the issue had been published, but the question was still unresolved. Therefore, evidence from the chronology has attracted a great amount of attention. The dating of the Erlitou site began in the 1970s, and since the Xia-Shang-Zhou Chronology Project began in the mid-1990s, by application of wiggle-matching on the basis of improving the dating accuracy, the date of the Erlitou site has gradually become clear, which provides a basis for the archaeological research on the Xia and Shang dynasties.

A Town Called Dakajalan: The Sunjata Tradition and the Question of Ancient Mali's Capital

1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davind C. Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Political Capital ◽  
Iron Industry ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Town ◽  
River Niger

When combined, evidence from oral tradition, Arabic texts and archaeological sites indicates that ancient Mali's seat of government changed more than once during its imperial period from the twelfth to the sixteenth century. According to oral tradition, the town in which Sunjata spent his early years, and to which he returned from exile, was Dakajalan. This mansadugu or ‘king's town’ served as Sunjata's base of operations for his campaign against Sumanguru and may have continued for a time as both spiritual and military headquarters during the struggle for unification following the defeat of Soso. As Mande's core territory expanded into the beginnings of empire, the mansadugu was probably moved north-eastward, down the River Niger to take advantage of widening commercial opportunities and to govern an expanded population of imperial subjects who included large numbers of Muslims from the former Soninke territories. Niani was one of the oldest and most important cities of Mali, especially notable for its iron industry. If it served also as a political capital this would most likely have been in the sixteenth century under Niani Mansa Mamadu, a descendant of Sunjata's royal lineage.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Image quality vs data obtainment in biological electron microscopy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
J. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Fluorescent Screen ◽  
Embedding Medium

In the early years of biological electron microscopy, scientists had their hands full attempting to describe the cellular microcosm that was suddenly before them on the fluorescent screen. Mitochondria, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, and other myriad organelles were being examined, micrographed, and documented in the literature. A major problem of that early period was the development of methods to cut sections thin enough to study under the electron beam. A microtome designed in 1943 moved the specimen toward a rotary “Cyclone” knife revolving at 12,500 RPM, or 1000 times as fast as an ordinary microtome. It was claimed that no embedding medium was necessary or that soft embedding media could be used. Collecting the sections thus cut sounded a little precarious: “The 0.1 micron sections cut with the high speed knife fly out at a tangent and are dispersed in the air. They may be collected... on... screens held near the knife“.

Early Years Care and Education in Europe

2001 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-380
Author(s):  
S Wolfendale
Keyword(s):  
Early Years
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