The Netherlands Constitution and International Law

1953 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonkheer H. F. van Panhuys
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
International Law ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Municipal Law ◽  
The Relationship

On June 22 of this year important amendments to the Netherlands Constitution concerning the administration of foreign affairs came into force. As those amendments will not only be of interest to students of Netherlands constitutional law but also to those who are interested in the problem of the relationship between international and municipal law and modern tendencies in national constitutions in this respect, it might be useful to give a brief survey of these amendments and their background.

The Netherlands Constitution and International Law

1964 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonkheer H. F. Van Panhuys
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Municipal Law

On June 22, 1953, important amendments to the Netherlands Constitution concerning the administration of foreign affairs came into force. Among the most radical probably was the recognition by our Constitution of the primacy of international agreements and of decisions of international organizations over rules of municipal law. This spectacular innovation inspired the editors of the Chicago Daily Tribune, when announcing this event in their issue of December 12, 1952, to choose as a headline: “Less than a Nation.”

Kelsen – Which Kelsen? A Reapplication of the Pure Theory to International Law

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
JÖRG KAMMERHOFER
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Pure Theory ◽  
Municipal Law ◽  
Hans Kelsen ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Legal Theorist

AbstractHans Kelsen is known both as a legal theorist and as an international lawyer. This article shows that his theory of international law is an integral part of the Kelsenian Pure Theory of Law. Two areas of international law are analysed: first, Kelsen's coercive order paradigm and its relationship to the bellum iustum doctrine; second, the Kelsenian notion of the unity of all law vis-à-vis theories of the relationship of international and municipal law. In a second step, the results of Kelsenian general legal theory of the late period – as interpreted and developed by the present author – are reapplied to selected doctrines of international law. Thus is the coercive order paradigm resolved, the unity of law dissolved, and the UN Charter reinterpreted to show that the concretization of norms as positive international law cannot be unmade by a scholarship usurping the right to make law.

Human Rights

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Ewing
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Municipal Law

This article begins with a brief discussion of what human rights are. It then considers the international treaties which have emerged to protect human rights in national legal systems, focusing on aspects of the scholarship which has developed alongside the cascade of these rights from international law to constitutional law to ordinary municipal law. This is a process which has been controversial as human rights and democracy are seen by some to be mutually dependent, but by others to be engaged in an abrasive struggle for superiority on the battleground of ideas.

4. International law and municipal law

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-102
Author(s):  
Gleider Hernández
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Common Source ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
International Legal Order ◽  
Municipal Law ◽  
State Relations ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter assesses the relationship between international law and municipal law. Though international law deals primarily with inter-State relations, and municipal law addresses relationships between individuals or between individuals and the State, there are many overlapping issues on which both international and national regulation are necessary, such as the environment, trade, and human rights. Though the international legal order asserts its primacy over municipal legislation, it leaves to domestic constitutions the question of how international legal rules should be applied or enforced in municipal orders. Two conflicting doctrines define the relationship between international and municipal legal orders: dualism and monism. Dualism is usually understood as emphasizing the autonomy and distinct nature of municipal legal orders, in which the State is sovereign and supreme. Meanwhile, theories of monism conceive the relationship between international and municipal legal orders as more coherent and in fact unified, their validity deriving from one common source.

scholarly journals The Netherlands: The 2018 Agreement between The Ocean Cleanup and the Netherlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-371
Author(s):  
Rozemarijn Roland Holst
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
International Law ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Dutch Government ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Seas

Abstract The Ocean Cleanup is a Dutch non-profit organisation on a mission to develop and deploy pioneering technology to rid the oceans of plastic. Considering the unique nature of the activity and the technology involved, it is not immediately self-evident which international regulations are directly applicable to this novel use of the high seas. The Dutch government, however, pledged to support the endeavour, and entered into a tailor-made Agreement with The Ocean Cleanup in order to ensure that its activities are conducted in accordance with general international law on maritime safety, the protection of the marine environment, and other legitimate uses of the high seas. This article reflects critically on the parties’ choice to base the Agreement ‘by analogy’ on the Law of the Sea Convention’s provisions on marine scientific research, and analyses the relationship of its core provisions with applicable international law, as well as identifying potential gaps.

scholarly journals The Incorporation of Public International Law into Municipal Law and Regional Law against the Background of the Dichotomy between Monism and Dualism

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1496
Author(s):  
Gerrit Ferreira ◽  
Anel Ferreira-Snyman
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
South African ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
European Court ◽  
Municipal Law ◽  
The Relationship

Monism and dualism represent two different approaches towards the relationship between public international law and municipal law. While the former views public international law and municipal law as a single legal system, the latter regards these two areas of law as separate and distinct legal systems that exist alongside each other. However, not all legal systems are clearly either monist or dualist. The dichotomy between monism and dualism no longer only concerns the relationship between public international law and municipal law, but also increasingly affects the relationship between public international law and regional law. This contribution discusses the application of the monist and dualist approaches by the South African Constitutional Court in the Glenister case and the European Court of Justice in the Kadi and Hungary cases in order to illustrate the practical application of the dichotomy between monism and dualism in a municipal system and on a regional level.

External Relations of the Swiss Cantons

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luzius Wildhaber
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Federal States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
External Relations ◽  
Political Problem ◽  
Municipal Law ◽  
Swiss Cantons ◽  
The Relationship

In the past years, the most important impetus for the renewed interest in the relationship between federal states and international law has come primarily from Canada. In Switzerland, the extent and significance of the external relations of the cantons is not a burning political problem. It seems, however, worthwhile to sketch the empirical state of these cantonal affairs, because there is, in this field, a constant feedback from comparative to international law, which makes a precise knowledge of the municipal law of the main federal states imperative. Questions concerning the treaty-making capacity and responsibility of member units in federal states should not be answered on the basis of dogmatic and a priori assertions, but rather on the basis of exact comparative studies.

Part II Sources, Ch.14 National Constitutions and Refugee Protection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lester Eve
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Law ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Critical Dimension ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Refugee Protection ◽  
Refugee Law ◽  
International Refugee Law ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores how national constitutional frameworks add a critical dimension to refugee protection. Given the variability in the protective value of national constitutions for refugees, it considers how States draw strength from their constitutions in response to refugee movements and why they do so in particular ways. The chapter seeks to elucidate some of the complexities in the relationship between constitutional law and international refugee and human rights law, considering the relevance of constitutional text and context, State perspectives on the place of international law, and the extent to which constitutional law has shaped, and continues to shape, international law. The chapter offers a taxonomy as a methodological framework for differentiating these complexities, which suggests that the relationship between constitutional law and international refugee law might be understood in one of three ways: as symbiotic, ambivalent, or antagonistic. It then applies this framework to three case studies. It suggests that this approach may help us to think more strategically about how to harness the protective possibilities of constitutional law as well as wrestle more productively with constitutional law’s limitations.

THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ‘SUPRA-CONSTITUTIONAL’ LIMITS ON CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Roznai
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
National Courts ◽  
Constitutional System ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article examines whether there are any limitations on constitutional amendment powers that are external to the constitutional system and above it—‘supra-constitutional’ limits. It considers the theory and practice of the relationship between natural law, international law or other supranational law, and domestic constitutional law in a comparative prism. After considering the alleged supremacy of supranational law over constitutional amendments, the author explores the problem of the relationship between the different legal orders in the external/internal juridical spheres, and the important potential and actual role of national courts in ‘domesticating’ supranational law and enforcing its supremacy. It is claimed that despite the growing influence of supranational law, state practice demonstrates that constitutional law is still generally superior to international law, and even when the normative hierarchical superiority of supranational law is recognized within the domestic legal order, this supremacy derives not from supranational law as a separate legal order, but rather from the constitution itself. Therefore, it is claimed that existing practice regarding arguments of ‘supra-constitutional’ limitations are better described by explicit or implicit limitations within the constitution itself, through which supranational standards can be infused to serve as valid limitations on constitutional amendment powers.

scholarly journals TEN GOOD PRACTICES IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTITUTIONALISM: STRUCTURE, TEXT AND JUSTICIABILITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 964
Author(s):  
James R. May ◽  
Erin Daly
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Structure Text ◽  
Proper Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Environmental constitutionalism is a relatively recent phenomenon at the confluence of constitutional law, international law, human rights, and environmental law. It embodies the recognition that the environment is a proper subject for protection in constitutional texts and for vindication by constitutional courts worldwide. This chapter posits ten “good practices” – those attributes that make effective outcomes more likely, but not assured – in environmental constitutionalism for advancing positive environmental outcomes considering energy, and governance and sustainability. Good practices in environmental constitutionalism can serve as a useful construct for considering the relationship between sustainability, energy and governance. Accordingly, Section A examines the ten practices that are consequential for effectuating environmental constitutionalism and positive environmental outcomes. Section B then explains how the Robinson Township decision out of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States provides a recent example just how good practices can have a positive impact on environmental outcomes in practice.

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