Weed Seed Bank and Vegetation at the Beginning and End of the First Cycle of a 4-Course Crop Rotation with Minimal Weed Control

In this study, we reviewed weed seed bank dynamic and main agriculture operations to come up with the weed seed management modeling designed to increase crop productivity by removing weed competition. Weed contributing with 10% loss of total global grain production. Weed seed bank regulate by five demographic processes seedling recruitment and survival, seed production, dispersal and seed survival in soil. The main agriculture operations that interference with weed seed bank are crop rotation and primary tillage. Tillage systems affect weed emergence, management, and seed production; therefore, changing tillage practices changes the composition, vertical distribution, and density of weed seed bank in agricultural soils. Weed species vary in their response to various crop rotations, due to the variability of weed-crop competition in their relative capacity to capture growth–limiting resources. Crop rotations affect weed emergence, management, composition, and density of weed seed bank. Finally, the study suggests elevating crop competitiveness against weeds, through a combination of crop rotation and reduce_ zero tillage, has strong potential to reduce weed-induced yield losses in crop.

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VIABILITY OF WEED SEED BANK UNDER DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF WEED CONTROL IN LENTIL

Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.33899/magrj.2010.34318 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 38 (0) ◽

pp. 237-243

Author(s):

A. M. Sultan

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Weed Seed

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Weed Seed Banks in Established Strawberry Fields

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.459f ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 459f-460

Author(s):

Faye Propsom ◽

Emily Hoover

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Weed Control ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Seed Banks ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Types ◽

Twin Cities ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Metro Area

Weed control in strawberries, either in a new planting or one that is established, is a major source of problems for growers in Minnesota. To control weeds, growers need to know which weeds are a problem, which weeds are deleterious, and which weeds have the potential to become a problem. Weeds present, soil type, and weed seed bank information are needed in order to predict potential weed problems. With different weed control practices applied between and within the rows, we assumed weed seed bank populations would vary. In addition, we were interested in seeing if the seed banks differed between soil types and individual farmer's cultural practices. Soil samples were collected from 13 commercial strawberry fields located around the Twin Cities metro area. In 1996, samples were taken after renovation and before mulch was applied. In 1997, they were taken after mulch was removed and prior to renovation. The soil samples for each date, treatment, and farm were dried, and organic matter was separated from inorganic. The weed seeds were removed from the remaining organic matter, identified and counted. Soil types and cultural practices were used to compare the differences among the farms.

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Weed Seed Banks Are More Dynamic in a Sod-Based, Than in a Conventional, Peanut–Cotton Rotation

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-15-00003.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 877-887 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ramon G. Leon ◽

David L. Wright ◽

James J. Marois

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Seed Banks ◽

Community Diversity ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Weed Species ◽

Perennial Crop ◽

Seed Bank Dynamics ◽

Weed Seeds ◽

Grass Weed

Crop rotation promotes productivity, nutrient cycling, and effective pest management. However, in row-crop systems, rotation is frequently limited to two crops. Adding a third crop, especially a perennial crop, might increase crop-rotation benefits, but concerns about disruption of agricultural and ecological processes preclude grower adoption of a three-crop rotation. The objective of the present research was to determine whether weed seed banks differ between a sod-based rotation (bahiagrass–bahiagrass–peanut–cotton) and a conventional peanut–cotton rotation (peanut–cotton–cotton) and the importance of crop phase in weed seed-bank dynamics in a long-term experiment initiated in 1999 in Florida. Extractable (ESB) and germinable (GSB) seed banks were evaluated at the end of each crop phase in 2012 and 2013, and total weed seed or seedling number, Shannon-Weiner's diversity (H′), richness, and evenness were determined. ESB increased in H′ (36%), richness (29%), and total number of weed seeds (40%) for sod-based compared with conventional rotation, whereas GSB increased 32% in H′, 27% in richness, and 177% in total number of weed seedlings. Crop phase was a determinant factor in the differences between crop rotations. The first year of bahiagrass (B1) exhibited increases in weed seed and seedling number, H′, and richness and had the highest values observed in the sod-based rotation. These increases were transient, and in the second year of bahiagrass (B2), weed numbers and H′ decreased and reached levels equivalent to those in the conventional peanut–cotton rotation. The B1 phase increased the germinable fraction of the seed bank, compared with the other crop phases, but not the total number of weed seeds as determined by ESB. The increases in H′ and richness in bahiagrass phases were mainly due to grass weed species. However, these grass weed species were not associated with peanut and cotton phases of the sod-based rotation. The results of the present study demonstrated that including bahiagrass as a third crop in a peanut–cotton rotation could increase weed community diversity, mainly by favoring increases in richness and diversity, but the structure and characteristics of the rotation would prevent continuous increases in the weed seed bank that could affect the peanut and cotton phases.

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The Influence of Long-Term Different Crop Rotations and Monoculture on Weed Prevalence and Weed Seed Content in the Soil

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11071367 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1367

Author(s):

Lina Marija Butkevičienė ◽

Lina Skinulienė ◽

Ingė Auželienė ◽

Vaclovas Bogužas ◽

Rita Pupalienė ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Row Crops ◽

Weed Density ◽

Intensive Farming

Equally effective way to achieve sustainable farming and the challenge set by the European Commission on 20 May 2020: proper crop rotation and thus reduction of the quantity of on-farm chemicals. Long-term stationary field experiments were established in 1966 at Vytautas Magnus University Experimental Station (54°53′ N, 23°50′ E). The study was conducted with intensive, three-course, field rotation with row crops, for green manure crop rotations, and rye monoculture as well during the last 5-year period of a 50-year investigation to determine the effect of crop rotation combinations and rye monoculture on weed density and seed bank and grain yield. In cereal crops, weed counting was performed twice: weed density was determined before the application of herbicides, and weed counting was done before the harvest. Weed seedlings were counted, their botanical species were determined, annual and perennial weed number was estimated. Weed seed bank was established before primary tillage in soil. The results obtained confirmed the hypothesis that with climate change and intensive farming, long-term crop rotations are likely to increase crop productivity, reduce weeds and weed seed banks in the soil, and thus contribute to maintaining agroecosystem sustainability. The winter rye 1000 grain weight and yield decreases as weed mass increases showing strong negative correlations: y = 475.56 − 11.93x, r = −0.91, p ≤ 0.05; y = 82.97 −14.82x, r = −0.97, p ≤ 0.01. Reseeding of rye crops leads to a growing prevalence of weeds such as Equisetum arvense L. and Mentha arvensis. Crop structures these days are dominated by cereals, which inevitably increase the spread of weeds, and therefore, the importance of crop rotations increases in the context of intensive farming.

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Management Filters and Species Traits: Weed Community Assembly in Long-Term Organic and Conventional Systems

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-09-00054.1 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 265-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Matthew R. Ryan ◽

Richard G. Smith ◽

Steven B. Mirsky ◽

David A. Mortensen ◽

Rita Seidel

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Community Assembly ◽

Species Traits ◽

Seed Banks ◽

Management Systems ◽

Conventional System ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Organic Systems ◽

Weed Communities

Community assembly theory provides a useful framework to assess the response of weed communities to agricultural management systems and to improve the predictive power of weed science. Under this framework, weed community assembly is constrained by abiotic and biotic “filters” that act on species traits to determine community composition. We used an assembly approach to investigate the response of weed seed banks to 25 yr of management-related filtering in three different row-crop management systems in southeastern Pennsylvania: organic manure-based, organic legume-based, and conventional. Weed seed banks were sampled in April of 2005 and 2006 and quantified by direct germination in a greenhouse. We also assessed the filtering effects of weed management practices and relationships between assembled seed bank and emergent weed communities by allowing or excluding weed control practices within each management system and measuring emergent weed community response. Germinable weed seed bank densities and species richness in the final year of the study were over 40% and 15% higher, respectively, in the organic systems relative to the conventional system. Seed bank community structure in the organic systems was different from the conventional system, and the relationships between assembled seed banks and the emergent flora varied. Primary tillage, weed control, timing of planting, and fertility management appeared to be the main filters that differentiated weed seed banks in the three systems. Weed life history, emergence periodicity, seed size, and responsiveness to soil fertility and hydrology appeared to be the most important functional traits determining how weed species responded to management-related filters. Our results suggest that management systems can exert strong filtering effects that can persist over relatively long (greater than one growing season) time scales. Legacy effects of community-level filtering might be more important than previously assumed, and should be incorporated into predictive models of weed community assembly.

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Modelling the Effect and Variability of Integrated Weed Management of Phalaris minor in Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems in Northern India

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11112331 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2331

Author(s):

Chun Liu ◽

Makhan Singh Bhullar ◽

Tarundeep Kaur ◽

Jitendra Kumar ◽

Sriyapu Reddy Sreekanth Reddy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Crop Rotation ◽

Weed Management ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Phalaris Minor ◽

Resistance Evolution ◽

Crop Establishment ◽

Seed Harvest ◽

Herbicide Mixtures

Phalaris minor Retz. (littleseed canarygrass) is the most problematic and herbicide-resistant weed in the rice-wheat cropping system in India. As such, it poses a severe threat to wheat yield and food security. A number of herbicidal and agronomic practices have been identified for the effective control of P. minor. These include crop rotation, crop establishment methods, herbicide spray technology, sowing time, weed seed harvest and effective herbicide mixtures. A population model of P. minor was built based on the life cycle of the species, herbicide resistance mechanisms and the effects of weed control practices. The model simulated the interactions of these factors and provided the best management recommendations for sustainably controlling this noxious weed species. Model results indicate that integration of chemical and non-chemical control methods was the most effective and sustainable strategy. For example, the integration of a happy seeder (a tractor-mounted mulching and sowing machine) with an effective post-emergence herbicide reduced the probability of weed control failure by 32% compared to the scenario with a rotavator and the same herbicide. Similarly, more conventional crop establishment methods such as a rotavator and conventional tillage could be accompanied by pre- or post-emergence applications of herbicide mixtures. Adoption of good herbicide spray technology and weed seed harvest delayed the onset of resistance evolution by up to four years. Furthermore, effective crop rotation such as the inclusion of sugarcane in place of rice in the summer season reduced the risk of resistance evolution by 31% within the 10 year simulation period. In addition to the scenarios using representative parameter values, the variability of model predictions was investigated based on some field experiments. The model provided a powerful tool for promoting Integrated Weed Management and the sustainable use of herbicides. Pragmatic ways of dealing with uncertainty in model prediction are discussed.

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Integrated Weed Management Systems for Irrigated Corn (Zea mays) Production in Colorado—A Case Study

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500094121 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 423-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mark J. Vangessel ◽

Edward E. Schweizer ◽

Donald W. Lybecker ◽

Philip Westra

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Systems ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Management Research ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Cooperative Research ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Management Tactics

Cooperative research was initiated by a multidisciplinary team of weed scientists and agricultural economists in 1975 that laid the foundation for integrated weed management research in Colorado. Colorado's integrated weed management research has four phases: weed seed bank decline, systems approach to weed management, bioeconomic modeling, and multiple weed management tactics. Each phase considered weed seed bank, weed control efficacy, weed control costs, crop yield, and gross margin. All four phases emphasize the need for a weed management system that minimizes seed production in situations where a high soil weed seed bank exists. However, once the weed seed bank is reduced, a weed management program with less than 100% weed control can be employed without increasing the seed bank. Intensive weed management systems are seldom justified when economics, weed control, and weed seed bank are considered. Integrated weed management approaches require integrating crop and weed biology with management tactics. Integrated weed management requires advanced managerial skills and often more time than traditional approaches.

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Ecological weed control in rice and maize using Orbygnia phalerata with focus on the weed seedbank in the soil

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.10.p1954 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1683-1687

Author(s):

Mário Luiz Ribeiro Mesquita ◽

Leonaldo Alves de Andrade ◽

Walter Esfrain Pereira

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Control ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Tiller Number ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Weed Species ◽

Smallholder Farming ◽

Babassu Palm

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mulching with dry leaves of babassu palm (Orbygnia phalerata Mart.) on germination of weed seed bank on rice tiller number and on grain yield of rice and maize in Maranhão state, northeastern Brazil. In the field the experimental design was a split plot in a randomized complete block with 15 replications. Rice, maize and rice intercropped with maize were allocated to the main plots and mulching treatments with unprocessed whole dried palm leaves (0 and 23 t ha-1) to the subplots. Germination of the weed seed bank was assessed after crop harvest in the greenhouse by means of a collection of three soil samples per subplot (n = 270) with an open metal device of 25 cm in length x 16 cm in width x 3 cm in height as sampling unit. Soil samples were placed in aluminum trays in the greenhouse and irrigated daily. The germinated weed species were identified and counted every fifteen days. The results showed that mulching can reduce germination in the weed seed bank up to 55% and promoted a significant increase in rice tiller number from 63 to 95 m-2, grain yield of rice from 1,077 to 2,251 kg ha-1 and grain yield of maize from 1,137 to 2,293 kg ha-1. Therefore, mulching can be recommended for weed control in smallholder farming of rice and maize crops.

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