scholarly journals VIABILITY OF WEED SEED BANK UNDER DIFFERENT EFFECTS OF WEED CONTROL IN LENTIL

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (0) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
A. M. Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Weed Seed

Weed Seed Banks in Established Strawberry Fields

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 459f-460
Author(s):  
Faye Propsom ◽  
Emily Hoover
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Twin Cities ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Metro Area

Weed control in strawberries, either in a new planting or one that is established, is a major source of problems for growers in Minnesota. To control weeds, growers need to know which weeds are a problem, which weeds are deleterious, and which weeds have the potential to become a problem. Weeds present, soil type, and weed seed bank information are needed in order to predict potential weed problems. With different weed control practices applied between and within the rows, we assumed weed seed bank populations would vary. In addition, we were interested in seeing if the seed banks differed between soil types and individual farmer's cultural practices. Soil samples were collected from 13 commercial strawberry fields located around the Twin Cities metro area. In 1996, samples were taken after renovation and before mulch was applied. In 1997, they were taken after mulch was removed and prior to renovation. The soil samples for each date, treatment, and farm were dried, and organic matter was separated from inorganic. The weed seeds were removed from the remaining organic matter, identified and counted. Soil types and cultural practices were used to compare the differences among the farms.

Management Filters and Species Traits: Weed Community Assembly in Long-Term Organic and Conventional Systems

Weed Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Ryan ◽  
Richard G. Smith ◽  
Steven B. Mirsky ◽  
David A. Mortensen ◽  
Rita Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Weed Communities

Community assembly theory provides a useful framework to assess the response of weed communities to agricultural management systems and to improve the predictive power of weed science. Under this framework, weed community assembly is constrained by abiotic and biotic “filters” that act on species traits to determine community composition. We used an assembly approach to investigate the response of weed seed banks to 25 yr of management-related filtering in three different row-crop management systems in southeastern Pennsylvania: organic manure-based, organic legume-based, and conventional. Weed seed banks were sampled in April of 2005 and 2006 and quantified by direct germination in a greenhouse. We also assessed the filtering effects of weed management practices and relationships between assembled seed bank and emergent weed communities by allowing or excluding weed control practices within each management system and measuring emergent weed community response. Germinable weed seed bank densities and species richness in the final year of the study were over 40% and 15% higher, respectively, in the organic systems relative to the conventional system. Seed bank community structure in the organic systems was different from the conventional system, and the relationships between assembled seed banks and the emergent flora varied. Primary tillage, weed control, timing of planting, and fertility management appeared to be the main filters that differentiated weed seed banks in the three systems. Weed life history, emergence periodicity, seed size, and responsiveness to soil fertility and hydrology appeared to be the most important functional traits determining how weed species responded to management-related filters. Our results suggest that management systems can exert strong filtering effects that can persist over relatively long (greater than one growing season) time scales. Legacy effects of community-level filtering might be more important than previously assumed, and should be incorporated into predictive models of weed community assembly.

Integrated Weed Management Systems for Irrigated Corn (Zea mays) Production in Colorado—A Case Study

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Vangessel ◽  
Edward E. Schweizer ◽  
Donald W. Lybecker ◽  
Philip Westra
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Management Tactics

Cooperative research was initiated by a multidisciplinary team of weed scientists and agricultural economists in 1975 that laid the foundation for integrated weed management research in Colorado. Colorado's integrated weed management research has four phases: weed seed bank decline, systems approach to weed management, bioeconomic modeling, and multiple weed management tactics. Each phase considered weed seed bank, weed control efficacy, weed control costs, crop yield, and gross margin. All four phases emphasize the need for a weed management system that minimizes seed production in situations where a high soil weed seed bank exists. However, once the weed seed bank is reduced, a weed management program with less than 100% weed control can be employed without increasing the seed bank. Intensive weed management systems are seldom justified when economics, weed control, and weed seed bank are considered. Integrated weed management approaches require integrating crop and weed biology with management tactics. Integrated weed management requires advanced managerial skills and often more time than traditional approaches.

scholarly journals Ecological weed control in rice and maize using Orbygnia phalerata with focus on the weed seedbank in the soil

2019 ◽  
pp. 1683-1687
Author(s):  
Mário Luiz Ribeiro Mesquita ◽  
Leonaldo Alves de Andrade ◽  
Walter Esfrain Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Babassu Palm

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mulching with dry leaves of babassu palm (Orbygnia phalerata Mart.) on germination of weed seed bank on rice tiller number and on grain yield of rice and maize in Maranhão state, northeastern Brazil. In the field the experimental design was a split plot in a randomized complete block with 15 replications. Rice, maize and rice intercropped with maize were allocated to the main plots and mulching treatments with unprocessed whole dried palm leaves (0 and 23 t ha-1) to the subplots. Germination of the weed seed bank was assessed after crop harvest in the greenhouse by means of a collection of three soil samples per subplot (n = 270) with an open metal device of 25 cm in length x 16 cm in width x 3 cm in height as sampling unit. Soil samples were placed in aluminum trays in the greenhouse and irrigated daily. The germinated weed species were identified and counted every fifteen days. The results showed that mulching can reduce germination in the weed seed bank up to 55% and promoted a significant increase in rice tiller number from 63 to 95 m-2, grain yield of rice from 1,077 to 2,251 kg ha-1 and grain yield of maize from 1,137 to 2,293 kg ha-1. Therefore, mulching can be recommended for weed control in smallholder farming of rice and maize crops.

A Comparison of Threshold Strategies in Tomatoes and Soybean

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos D. Mayén ◽  
Kevin D. Gibson ◽  
Stephen C. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Tomato Seed ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
The Difference

Weed control strategies based on conserving crop yields rather than preventing weed seed production may result in increased weed densities and management costs over the long-term, particularly in less competitive crops such as tomatoes. The effect of crop, tillage, and duration of weed control on weed seed bank size and composition was examined from spring 2001 to spring 2003 near Lafayette, IN. Main plots in 2001 and 2002 contained soybean or tomato planted in rotation (soybean-tomato, tomato-soybean). Subplots were managed with either conventional or no-till practices. Sub-subplots contrasted threshold strategies in which weeds were either controlled for four to six weeks (period threshold, PT) or throughout the growing season (no-seed-threshold, NST). Seed banks were sampled annually in the spring. Emergent weeds were counted` at four and twelve weeks after planting (WAP) in 2001 and 2002. Weed seed banks did not significantly change in the NST plots in any year. However, seed bank densities increased substantially following tomatoes in PT plots. In contrast, weed seed bank densities decreased following soybeans in PT plots. The difference in seed banks and emergent weeds between soybean and tomatoes could be attributed primarily to greater suppression of giant foxtail by the soybean canopy. Giant foxtail control was greater in PT soybeans than in PT tomatoes in both years and giant foxtail comprised most of the PT tomato seed bank in 2002 and 2003. Tillage did not affect weed seed banks in any year. This study highlights the need to control later emerging weeds in tomatoes to prevent large increases in the weed seed bank.

scholarly journals Floristic diversity of the soil weed seed bank in a rice-growing area of Brazil: in situ and ex situ evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Luiz Ribeiro Mesquita ◽  
Leonaldo Alves de Andrade ◽  
Walter Esfrain Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Weed Seed

scholarly journals Responses of weed community, soil nutrients, and microbes to different weed management practices in a fallow field in Northern China

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Gu ◽  
Yu Cen ◽  
Liyue Guo ◽  
Caihong Li ◽  
Han Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Positive Effects

The long-term use of herbicides to remove weeds in fallow croplands can impair soil biodiversity, affect the quality of agricultural products, and threaten human health. Consequently, the identification of methods that can effectively limit the weed seed bank and maintain fallow soil fertility without causing soil pollution for the next planting is a critical task. In this study, four weeding treatments were established based on different degrees of disturbance to the topsoil: natural fallow (N), physical clearance (C), deep tillage (D), and sprayed herbicide (H). The changes in the soil weed seed banks, soil nutrients, and soil microbial biomass were carefully investigated. During the fallow period, the C treatment decreased the annual and biennial weed seed bank by 34% against pretreatment, whereas the H treatment did not effectively reduce the weed seed bank. The D treatment had positive effects on the soil fertility, increasing the available nitrogen 108% over that found in the N soil. In addition, a pre-winter deep tillage interfered with the rhizome propagation of perennial weeds. The total biomass of soil bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete in H treatment was the lowest among the four treatments. The biomass of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the N treatment was respectively 42%, 35%, and 91%, higher than that in the C, D, and H treatments. An ecological weeding strategy was proposed based on our findings, which called for exhausting seed banks, blocking seed transmission, and taking advantage of natural opportunities to prevent weed growth for fallow lands. This study could provide a theoretical basis for weed management in fallow fields and organic farming systems.

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