Industrial Conflict Resolution in Market Economies: A Study of Australia, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Japan and the USA.

ILR Review ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Mark Thompson ◽  
T. Hanami ◽  
R. Blanpain
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Market Economies ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Industrial Conflict

Vietnam—India and Pakistan—Federal Republic of Germany—ICRC President in the USA and in Central America

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (60) ◽  
pp. 140-144
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Central America ◽  
Medical Team ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
National Liberation Front ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Medical Teams

A Swiss medical team.—It will be recalled that on December 27 1965, the ICRC had offered, to the Hanoi and Saigon authorities, as well as to the National Liberation Front (NLF), to send Swiss medical teams to each of the belligerents.

scholarly journals Prospects for the Nord Stream 2 Gas Pipeline

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Vladislav Belov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Subsequent Operation ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nord Stream

In mid-July 2021, American-German talks were held in Washington, within the framework of which J. Biden and A. Merkel discussed the prospects for the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline (NS-2). This project under President D. Trump became one of the conflicting factors that significantly worsened relations between the United States and Germany. On July 21, a joint statement by the President and the Bundeskanzlerin was published, containing a description of the conditions for the commercial launch of NS-2. The article analyzes the changes in the position of the new American administration regarding the NS-2, the agreements reached in July on the operating conditions for the new gas pipeline, its significance for Berlin's relations with Washington, Moscow, Kiev and Warsaw. Considering the results of the negotiations as a compromise between the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany with ambiguous consequences for Russia, the author concludes that a number of risks remain for the project – the operator of the SP-2 and its owner, Gazprom, during the commercial launch and subsequent operation of the offshore and onshore sections of the gas pipeline, will have to continue to resist the resistance of its opponents in the USA, Germany and several other EU countries.

„Computer Wizards“ und Haecksen. Geschlechtsspezifische Rollenzuschreibungen in der privaten und subkulturellen Computernutzung in den USA und der Bundesrepublik / “Computer Wizards” and “Haecksen”. Gender Role Assignments in Private and Subcultural Computer Usage in the USA and the Federal Republic of Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-132
Author(s):  
Julia Gül Erdogan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Computer Usage ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
The Usa

Hacken stellte seit seinen Anfängen eine männlich geprägte Domäne dar. Weibliche Hacker blieben Ausnahmeerscheinungen, ihre Rolle wurde zudem marginalisiert. Dieser Umstand blieb weder von Außenstehenden noch von Hackern selbst unbemerkt und auch Arbeiten zur Geschichte der Hacker verweisen auf die Unterrepräsentation von Frauen. Mögliche Ursachen hierfür sind jedoch nicht eingehend analysiert worden. Der Beitrag widmet sich vor diesem Hintergrund der Frage nach geschlechtsspezifischen Rollenzuschrei- bungen in der privaten und subkulturellen Computernutzung in den USA und der Bundesrepublik von den 1970er bis in die frühen 1990er Jahre. Gezeigt wird erstens, welches Bild der Computerisierung und welches Selbstbild die Hacker entwarfen. Daran anschließend werden zweitens Rollenzuschreibun- gen und Narrative des „männlichen Genies“ einerseits und der „sorgenden Frau“ andererseits innerhalb und außerhalb der Hackerkulturen bezüglich der Computernutzung untersucht. Drittens wird beleuchtet, wie Hacker mit diesem Problem der ungleichen Geschlechterverhältnisse umgingen und wie ihr Habitus trotz Versuchen der Inklusion und geteilter Überzeugungen Computernutzerinnen den Zugang zur Hackerkultur erschwerten. Zuletzt wird am Fallbeispiel der sogenannten „Haecksen“ dargelegt, wie computeraffine Akteurinnen sich als Teil der Hackerkultur zu etablieren versuchten. Durch die Untersuchung soll verdeutlicht werden, dass Frauen nicht nur eine stumme Minderheit dieser Computerkulturen darstellten und wie die frühe subkul- turelle Computernutzung zur Aushandlung von Geschlechterrollen genutzt wurde. Erst durch eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Habitus, den Strukturen und der Reproduktion von Rollenklischees innerhalb der Hackerszene, konnten Anspruch und Wirklichkeit der Hackerkultur gewinnbringend gegenübergestellt werden.

The Establishment of IIT Madras. German Cold War Development Assistance and Engineering Education in India — Das IIT Madras. Deutsche Entwicklungshilfe und indische Ingenieurausbildung im Kalten Krieg

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-358
Author(s):  
Roland Wittje
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Research University ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
German Development ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Institute Of Technology

The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras was established between 1959 and 1974 with assistance of the Federal Republic of Germany, which was the largest West German enterprise in the field of technical education abroad. The support consisted of German experts for teaching and in setting up laboratories and workshops. In this article, I argue that the engagement of the Federal Republic at IIT Madras must be understood primarily as a political project. The Federal Republic saw itself in direct competition with the Soviet Union, but also with the USA and the UK, which in turn supported the establishment of the IITs in Bombay, Kanpur and Delhi. While West Germany’s engagement had initially been motivated by influencing India’s position on divided post-war Germany, this changed towards the end of the 1960s to the vested interest of German policymakers in long-term scientific and technical cooperation. The German assistance was reoriented, from workshop-based engineering education to setting up a technological research university. Planning and policy were guided by political premises, to which the educational and scientific aspects were subordinate, and German staff was controlled and restricted in its scientific freedom. The German faculty saw themselves confronted with implementing a project which had been politically predefined as a successful Indo-German collaboration, by establishing meaningful research and engineering training. As a case study, the article contributes to the important history of aid in technical educational as part of Westas well as East German development aid during the Cold War, which so far has received little if any attention among historians.

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