On Ch'arki Consumption in the Ancient Central Andes: A Cautionary Note

2000 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidio M. Valdez
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Cautionary Note ◽  
Fresh Meat ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Foot Bones

Recently, Andeanist zooarchaeologists have introduced the so-called "ch'arki effect": a taphonomic factor to explain the disproportional occurrence of some camelid skeletal parts at archaeological sites. Briefly, it has been argued that the lower frequency of head and foot bones is the by-product of ch'arki (dried meat) exchange and therefore indicative of ch'arki consumption. This generalization, however, is problematic. When fresh meat is distributed (by trade) and consumed, exactly the same pattern as with ch'arki distribution is produced. To infer ch'arki consumption on the basis of the absence of head and lower limb bones is therefore misleading.

The Relative Value of Fragmentary Mammalian Remains

1961 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Foot Bones ◽  
Animal Remains ◽  
Relative Value

AbstractThe diagnostic value of animal remains from archaeological sites is discussed in the following order of importance of the various osteological elements which can be used for interpreting the fauna they represent: teeth, skull fragments, articular ends of limb bones, foot bones, portions of the pectoral and pelvic girdles, and vertebrae.

scholarly journals RESEARCH REGARDING CAD MODELING OF THE HUMAN LOWER LIMB BONES

2013 ◽  
Vol XXII (XII), 2013/1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena-Iulia HUZU ◽  
Ioana COFARU ◽  
Nicolae COFARU
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Cad Modeling ◽  
Limb Bones

Yavi-Chicha and the Inka expansion: a petrographic approach

Antiquity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (342) ◽  
pp. 1261-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Beatriz Cremonte
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
The South ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
South Central ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
The Social

The social complexities underlying imperial control are manifest in the material culture of everyday life encountered at archaeological sites. The Yavi-Chicha pottery style of the south-central Andes illustrates how local identities continued to be expressed in practices of pottery manufacture during the process of Inka expansion. The Yavi-Chicha style itself masks a number of distinct production processes that can be traced through petrographic analysis and that relate to the different communities by whom it was produced and consumed. The dispersion of pottery fabric types in this region may partly be attributable to the Inka practice of mitmaqkuna, the displacement and relocation of entire subject populations.

The Long Limb Bones of the StW 573 Australopithecus Skeleton from Sterkfontein Member 2: Descriptions and Proportions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L. Heaton ◽  
Travis Rayne Pickering ◽  
Kristian J. Carlson ◽  
Robin H. Crompton ◽  
Tea Jashashvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Climbing Ability ◽  
Early Hominin ◽  
Allometric Analysis ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Limb Proportions

Due to its completeness, the A.L. 288-1 (Lucy) skeleton has long served as the archetypal bipedal Australopithecus. However, there remains considerable debate about its limb proportions. There are three competing, but not necessarily mutually exclusive, explanations for the high humerofemoral index of A.L. 288-1: (1) a retention of proportions from an Ardipithecus-like most recent common ancestor (MRCA); (2) indication of some degree of climbing ability; (3) allometry. Recent discoveries of other partial skeletons of Australopithecus, such as those of A. sediba (MH1 and MH2) and A. afarensis (KSD-VP-1/1 and DIK-1/1), have provided new opportunities to test hypotheses of early hominin body size and limb proportions. Yet, no early hominin is as complete (>90%), as is the 3.67 Ma Little Foot (StW 573) specimen, from Sterkfontein Member 2. Here, we provide the first descriptions of its upper and lower long limb bones, as well as a comparative context of its limb proportions. As to the latter, we found that StW 573 possesses absolutely longer limb lengths than A.L. 288-1, but both skeletons show similar limb proportions. This finding seems to argue against an allometric explanation for the limb proportions of A.L. 288-1. In fact, our multivariate allometric analysis suggests that limb lengths of Australopithecus, as represented by StW 573 and A.L. 288-1, developed along a significantly different (p < 0.001) allometric scale than that which typifies modern humans and African apes. Our analyses also suggest, as have those of others, that hominin limb evolution occurred in two stages with: (1) a modest increase in lower limb length and a concurrent shortening of the antebrachium between Ardipithecus and Australopithecus, followed by (2) considerable lengthening of the lower limb along with a decrease of both upper limb elements occurring between Australopithecus and Homo sapiens.

scholarly journals Gendered Differences in Accidental Trauma to Upper and Lower Limb Bones at Aquincum, Roman Hungary

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 75-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Gilmour ◽  
Rebecca Gowland ◽  
Charlotte Roberts ◽  
Zsolt Bernert ◽  
Katalin Klára Kiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Accidental Trauma

Ecuadorian Cinnabar and the Prehispanic Trade in Vermilion Pigment: Viable Hypothesis or Red Herring?

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Burger ◽  
Kris E. Lane ◽  
Colin A. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Mercury Isotope ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
South Central ◽  
Southern Ecuador ◽  
Northern Peru ◽  
To Come

Cinnabar ore is the source of a bright red pigment (mercury [II] sulfide, HGS), a substance that was highly valued in the Central Andes during prehispanic times. It is traditionally believed to come from Huancavelica in south-central Peru, although some scholars have argued that a prehispanic cinnabar source existed at Azogues near Cuenca in southern Ecuador. It has also been suggested that the cinnabar recovered at archaeological sites in northern Peru such as Baton Grande may have come from this putative Ecuadorian source. In this article, the historical and archaeological evidence supporting this position is evaluated and found to be insufficient to sustain the Ecuadorian Cinnabar Hypothesis. Moreover, recent mercury isotope analysis of archaeological samples from northern Peru supports the earlier hypothesis that the source of the bright red pigment, sometimes referred to as vermilion, was cinnabar ore mined in Huancavelica. This source is located over 850 km to the south of archaeological sites such as Batdn Grande, Chongoyape, and Pacopampa.

Stature estimation from partial measurements and maximum length of lower limb bones in Koreans

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Je-Hun Lee ◽  
Yi Suk Kim ◽  
U-Young Lee ◽  
Dae-Kyoon Park ◽  
Young-Kil Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Maximum Length ◽  
Stature Estimation ◽  
Limb Bones

scholarly journals Updated lower limb stature estimation equations for a South African population group

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (5/6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubarak A. Bidmos ◽  
Desiré Brits
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Population Group ◽  
African Population ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
South African Population ◽  
Stature Estimation ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Black South African

One of the main steps in the identification of an unknown person, from their skeletal remains, is the estimation of stature. Measurements of intact long bones of the upper and lower extremities are widely used for this purpose because of the high correlation that exists between these bones and stature. In 1987, Lundy and Feldesman presented regression equations for stature estimation for the black South African population group based on measurements of bones from the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons. Local anthropologists have questioned the validity of these equations. Living stature measurement and magnetic resonance imaging scanograms of 58 adult volunteers (28 males and 30 females) representing the modern black South African population group were obtained. Physiological length of the femur (FEPL) and physiological length of the tibia (TPL) were measured on each scanogram and substituted into appropriate equations of Lundy and Feldesman (S Afr J Sci. 1987;83:54–55) to obtain total skeletal height (TSHL&F). Measured total skeletal height (TSHMeas) for each subject from scanograms was compared with TSHL&F. Both FEPL and TPL presented with significantly high positive correlations with TSHMeas. A comparison between TSHL&F and TSHMeas using a paired t-test, showed a statistically significant difference – an indication of non-validity of Lundy and Feldesman’s equations. New regression equations for estimation of living stature were formulated separately for male and female subjects. The standard error of estimate was low, which compared well with those reported for other studies that used long limb bones. Significance: • Statistically significant differences were observed between measured and estimated skeletal height, thus confirming non-validity of Lundy and Fieldsman’s (1987) equations for lower limb bones. • New regression equations for living stature estimation were formulated for femur and tibia lengths, and the low standard error of estimates of equations compared well to results from other studies.

scholarly journals Postoperative Results of Combined Intramedullary Nail and Local Continuous Perfusion Therapy for Open Fractures of Long Lower Limb Bones

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Mitsuru MOMMA ◽  
Kazuo NAGASHIMA ◽  
Yoshihisa TASHIRO ◽  
Yutaka HIRAIZUMI ◽  
Ryung Ji KIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intramedullary Nail ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Open Fractures ◽  
Postoperative Results ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Continuous Perfusion
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