Nature, Annihilation, and Modernity: China's Korean War Germ-Warfare Experience Reconsidered

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Rogaski
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Korean War ◽  
Biological Weapon ◽  
Heilongjiang Province ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Yalu River

According to official PRC reports, on the night of April 4, 1952, hundreds of small rodents fell from the skies over Gannan county. The next morning, villagers in this remote corner of western Heilongjiang province awoke to find sickly voles scattered in haystacks, piled on rooftops, and even squirming on kangs next to slumbering women and children. Government reports praise the inherent wisdom and decisiveness of the Gannan villagers. Well-versed in the natural flora and fauna of the region, they immediately suspected that these rat-like animals were an alien species, a form of biological weapon disseminated by American planes that had crossed the Yalu River from the Korean front. By noon the villagers had killed, burned, and buried every vole they could find (ISC 1952, 40–3).

scholarly journals NIGHTSHADE BLACK – SOLANUM NIGRUM L. (SOLANACEAE) ON SALINE HABITATS OF THE SOUTHEAST EUROPE

Ekosistemy ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
N. A. Yuritsyna ◽  
V. M. Vasjukov
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Solanum Nigrum L ◽  
Saline Habitats ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Vegetative Communities

One of the negative florogenesis trends is the diversification of flora with alien species, which goes parallelly with insularization of natural vegetation cover. They alter the structure of ecosystems, reduce their productivity, threaten the diversity and genetic integrity of natural flora by integration into natural communities and competition with native flora species. One of alien species of Solanaceae Juss family is black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) – a poisonous species of Mediterranean origin, with a Eurasian secondary area; unintentionally introduced alien species (xenophyte), naturalizing in secondary habitats (epecophyte), mesophyte, heliophyte, zoochor, naturalizing predominantly in more or less disturbed vegetative communities of South-Eastern Europe. This species is also found on salted soils, where it is registered in the communities of associations Cichorio-Lactucetum serriolae Golub et Mirkin 1986, Atriplici aucheri-Tamaricetum ramosissimae Golub et al. 1998 (subassociations A.au.-T.r. althaeetosum Golub et al. 1998, A.au.-T.r. cannabietosum Golub et al. 1998), Polygono-Aeluropodetum pungentis Golub et Mirkin 1986 and Suaedo-Petrosimonietum Golub 1986 (variant Glycyrrhiza glabra). These associations can occur on soil with a wide range of salinization degree – both on soils with weak- and high- salinity — but Solanum nigrum does not have much difference in its presence in their communities depending on this factor. The species is characterized by a weak introduction in cenoses of saline habitats – it is rare and has low abundance level.

scholarly journals СИНАНТРОПІЗАЦІЯ ФЛОРИ ВОЛИНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 416-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.О. Kotsun ◽  
I.I. Kuzmishyna
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Dissemination Strategy ◽  
East European ◽  
The North ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Active Dissemination ◽  
Natural Flora ◽  
Herbarium Collections

<span>Volyn region is located in North-Western Ukraine. Its territory is plain in the North and poorly hilly in the South with a total obliquely in a Northerly direction. The climate is temperate continental with mild winters and moderately warm enough wet summer. Sod-podzolic and meadow soils is predominate, sod, forest-steppe podzolized soils, typical black less common. According to physical and geographic zone, the area belongs to the zone of mixed coniferous-deciduous forests; by geobotanical zoning of Ukraine – the European broadleaved forest region, East European and Central provinces. Some 1272 species of vascular plants of natural flora were registered in the Volyn region during filed surveys in 1999-2015 together with retrospective data and herbarium collections. Among them the synanthropic group was isolated, which includes 507 species (over 38% of all the species). Local synanthropic apophytes species (ca. 287) are dominated over antropophytes (220 species). The ratio between these two groups is 1.3:1. This is the evidence that the synanthropic flora was formed with domination of local explerent apophytes followed by adventive plant species. Species with active dissemination strategy in seminatural and transformed ecosystems like hemiapophytes (149 species) are dominated among the apophytes by the degree of adaptation to the anthropogenically transformed conditions. It was found that 220 species belong to antropophytes among which the kenophytes (111 species) dominate by time of invasion. We also registered some 109 species of arheophytes. The ratio between these two groups is 0.9:1.0, which indicates the moderate degree of invasion of alien species to the study area. The xenophytes (111 species) are dominated by the method of invasion. The epekophytes (159 species) – species that which grow in communities that would disappear with the cessation of human activities dominate by the degree of naturalization. We distinguished the group of alien species with high phytocoenotic activities that are the herbaceous annuals or milticarpos with the core root system without underground shoots of North American origin.</span>

From Saviors to Rapists: G.I.s, Women, and Children in Korean War Films

Asian Cinema ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Seung Chung
Keyword(s):  
Korean War ◽  
War Films ◽  
Women And Children

A Reminiscence of the Chinese People's Volunteers in the Korean War

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 287-304
Author(s):  
Anthony Farrar-Hockley
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Korean War ◽  
Military Leadership ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
North East ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Yalu River ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

On the night 13/14th October 1950 soldiers of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) crossed the Yalu river from north-east China into Korea. In the 10 weeks of operations that followed, these men, with others crowding in behind them, threw back the powerful divisions of the United Nations Command, ejecting them from the territory of North Korea and, further, seemed capable of driving them from the whole Korean peninsular. No doubt the government in Beijing believed for a time that its soldiers were once more about to deliver an immense political prize to Party and state. They were wrong. If the intervention of the PLA changed the course of the Korean war initially much as Mao Zedong intended, it changed also the outlook of the PLA, led to factionalism among the military leadership, which persists and, arguably, accelerated the subsequent rift between China and the Soviet Union.

Iron and Malaria: Absorption, Efficacy and Safety

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (45) ◽  
pp. 279-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hurrell
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Iron Supplements ◽  
Fortified Food ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Single Meal ◽  
Women And Children

Febrile malaria and asymptomatic malaria parasitemia substantially decrease iron absorption in single-meal, stable isotope studies in women and children, but to date there is no evidence of decreased efficacy of iron-fortified foods in malaria-endemic regions. Without inadequate malarial surveillance or health care, giving iron supplements to children in areas of high transmission could increase morbidity and mortality. The most likely explanation is the appearance of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) in the plasma. NTBI forms when the rate of iron influx into the plasma exceeds the rate of iron binding to transferrin. Two studies in women have reported substantially increased NTBI with the ingestion of iron supplements. Our studies confirm this, but found no significant increase in NTBI on consumption of iron-fortified food. It seems likely that the malarial parasite in hepatocytes can utilize NTBI, but it cannot do so in infected erythrocytes. NTBI however may increase the sequestration of parasite-infected erythrocytes in capillaries. Bacteremia is common in children with severe malaria and sequestration in villi capillaries could lead to a breaching of the intestinal barrier, allowing the passage of pathogenic bacteria into the systemic circulation. This is especially important as frequent high iron doses increase the number of pathogens in the intestine at the expense of the barrier bacteria.

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