Tokyo's Policy Responses During the Gulf War and the Impact of the "Iraqi Shock" on Japan

1992 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Purrington
Keyword(s):  
Gulf War ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Riddle ◽  
Mark Brown ◽  
Tyler Smith ◽  
Elspeth C. Ritchie ◽  
Kelley A. Brix ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Omer Solodoch

Abstract In response to the political turmoil surrounding the recent refugee crisis, destination countries swiftly implemented new immigration and asylum policies. Are such countercrisis policies effective in mitigating political instability by reducing anti-immigrant backlash and support for radical-right parties? The present study exploits two surveys that were coincidentally fielded during significant policy changes, sampling respondents right before and immediately after the change. I employ a regression discontinuity design to identify the short-term causal effect of the policy change on public opinion within a narrow window of the sampling period. The findings show that both Swedish border controls and the EU–Turkey agreement significantly reduced public opposition to immigration in Sweden and Germany, respectively. In Germany, support for the AfD party also decreased following the new policy. Public opinion time trends suggest that the policy effects were short lived in Sweden but durable in Germany. These effects are similar across different levels of proximity to the border and are accompanied by increasing political trust and a sense of government control over the situation. The findings have implications for understanding the impact of border controls on international public opinion, as well as for assessing the electoral effect of policy responses to global refugee crises.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bernhardt ◽  
Stefania D'Amico ◽  
Santiago I. Sordo Palacios

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 (136) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Claudia Ivette Pedraza Bucio

 El objetivo de este texto es analizar la brecha digital de g.nero como vértice de las desigualdades estructurales que conforman la vida de las mujeres, en el marco de la pandemia mundial de Covid-19 que ha colocado a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en el centro de la dinámica social. Para esto, en el primer apartado se recupera el concepto de brecha digital como un v.rtice en el cual convergen desigualdades que condicionan el acceso, uso y apropiaci.n de las tecnolog.as de la información y comunicación, pero también como un condicionante de las mismas. A continuación, se presentan las implicaciones del género en el análisis de la brecha digital; y a partir de esto, se revisan los problemas potenciales que supone la brecha digital de género en el contexto de COVID. La intención final es argumentar la necesidad de políticas y programas que atiendan la brecha digital no como un resultado de las desigualdades de género, sino como eje emergente a través del cual se mantienen, refuerzan y renuevan las mismas  Palabras clave Brecha digital, g.nero, Covid-19, TIC, desigualdad.   Bibliografía Alva de la Selva, A. (2015). Los nuevos rostros de la desigualdad en el siglo XXI: la brecha digital. Revista mexicana de ciencias políticas y sociales, 60(223), 265-285. Animal Político (2020), “SEP estima deserción de 10% en educación básica y 8% en superior por la COVID. Consultado el 08/10/2020. Disponible en https://www.animalpolitico.com/2020/08/sep-desercion-educacion-covid/ Badillo, N. S., Esteban, O., y Vall-Llovera, M. (2012). Romper la brecha digital de género. Factores implicados en la opción por una carrera tecnológica. Athenea Digital: revista de pensamiento e investigación social, 12(3), 115-128. Becerril, W (2018). Mujeres que codean: la apropiación tecnológica de estudiantes egresadas de Laboratoria en México. Controversias y concurrencias latinoamericanas,10(16), 67-75. Braidotti, R. (2002). Un ciberfeminismo diferente. Debats, vol. 76, 100-117. Collado, C. (2010). Género y TIC. Presencia, posición y políticas Barcelona: Editorial UOC. Crovi, D. (2008). Dimensión social del acceso, uso y apropiaci.n de las TIC. Contratexto, (016), 65-79. Derechos Digitales (2017). Derechos de las Mujeres en Línea, resultado de la Evaluación. Chile: Derechos Digitales. Godínez, A. L (2016). Brecha digital de género: usos y apropiaciones de las TIC´s en estudiantes adolescentes. Retos y posibilidades (Tesis de maestr.a). México: Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales-UNAM. IFT (2019 a). Uso de las TIC y actividades por internet en México: impacto de las características sociodemográficas de la población. M.xico: IFT IFT (2019 b). Encuesta de Usuarios de Servicios de Telecomunicaciones, Micro, Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas”. M.xico: IFT INEGI (2018) Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares.Ciudad de M.xico: Instituto Nacional de Estad.stica y Geograf.a.  INEGI (2019 a). Encuesta Nacional sobre Disponibilidad y Uso de Tecnologías de Información en los Hogares.  Ciudad de M.xico: Instituto Nacional de Estad.stica y Geograf.a. INEGI (2019 b ). Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo  . Ciudad de M.xico: Instituto Nacional de Estad.stica y Geograf.a. INEGI (2020), Encuesta Telefónica sobre COVID-19 y Mercado Laboral (ECOVIDML). Ciudad de M.xico: Instituto Nacional de Estad.stica y Geograf.a. OCDE (2001). Understanding the digital divide . Paris: Organizaci.n para la Cooperaci.n y el Desarrollo Econ.micos: Paris. OIT (2020) COVID-19 and the world of work: Impact and policy responses  Organizaci.n Internacional del Trabajo, Consultado el 08/10/2020. Disponible en https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/coronavirus/lang--en/index.htm ONU (2020) UN Secretary-General’s policy brief: The impact of COVID-19 on women .ONU . Nueva York: Organizaci.n de las Naciones Unidas. Observatorio Laboral (2019) Carreras mejor pagadas . Secretar.a del Trabajo y Previsi.n Social. Consultado el 08/10/2020. Disponible en https://www.observatoriolaboral.gob.mx/#/ Peres, W., & Hilbert, M (2009). La sociedad de la informaci.n en Am.rica Latina y el Caribe. Desarrollo de las tecnologías y tecnologías para el desarrollo, CEPAL, Santiago de Chile . Selwyn, N. (2004). Reconsidering political and popular understandings of the digitaldivide. New Media and Society , 6(3), 341-362. UIT (2019) ICTs, LDCs and the SDGs: Achieving universal and affordable Internet in the least developed countries. Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones: Ginebra. UNESCO (2020). El cierre de escuelas debido a la COVID-19 en todo el mundo afectará más a las niñas . Consultado el 08/10/2020.Disponible en https://es.unesco.org/news/cierre-escuelas-debido-covid-19-todo-mundoafectaramasninas#:~:text=Plan%20International%20y%20la%20UNESCO,precoz%20y%20matrimonio%20precoz%20y Verges, N. (2012). De la exclusión a la autoinclusión de las mujeres en las TIC.Motivaciones, posibilitadores y mecanismos de autoinclusi.n. Atenea Digial  12,3:129-150. Wajcman, Judy (2006). El Tecnofeminismo. Valencia: C.tedra. Zafra, Remedios (2005). Netianas. N(h)acer mujer en Internet.  Madrid: Lengua de Trapo. Zapata, C. B.; Arra.za, P. M.; Silva, E. F. D.; Soares, E. D. C. (2017). Desaf.os de la Inclusi.n Digital: antecedentes, problem.ticas y medici.n de la Brecha Digital de G.nero. Psicología, Conocimiento y Sociedad , 7 (2), 121-151.    


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Kinfe Micheal Yilma

Abstract Disinformation has become a formidable challenge to the integrity of electoral processes as well as the internal political stability of many countries. This state of affairs has spurred a wave of new regulatory measures in several countries. From stringent rules governing dissemination of political advertisements via social media platforms to media literacy programmes, the past few years saw the introduction of legislative and non-legislative measures in many jurisdictions. Ethiopia is no exception in introducing measures to address the problem. This article examines Ethiopia's policy responses towards addressing the impact of disinformation on the integrity and credibility of elections. It argues that measures taken thus far in Ethiopia appear to address the impact of disinformation on national security and social harmony. As such, Ethiopia has not taken tailored measures to address the impact of disinformation on its democratic aspirations, particularly in holding free, fair and democratic elections.


2006 ◽  
Vol 361 (1468) ◽  
pp. 593-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J Vasterling ◽  
J. Douglas Bremner

Many veterans of the 1991 Gulf War (GW) have complained of somatic and cognitive symptoms that may be neurological in nature. However, whether or not changes in brain function are associated with GW service continues to be debated. Studies of GW veterans using objective, performance-based neuropsychological measures have yielded inconsistent findings, with those indicating deficits among GW veterans typically revealing only relatively mild levels of neuropsychological impairment. Further, performances on objective neuropsychological tasks show little correspondence to subjective perceptions of cognitive functioning. Although preliminary magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies demonstrate reduced N -acetylaspartate-to-creatine (NAA/Cr) ratio in select brain regions among GW veterans who report health concerns, this work requires further replication with larger, more representative samples. There is no evidence from neuroimaging studies of a non-specific effect of GW service or of changes in brain structure or function related to health status when conventional radiological methods are used. Owing to the paucity of objective exposure, baseline health data, and the now significant time elapsed since the GW, aetiological issues may never be fully resolved. Therefore, research addressing clinical management of GW veterans with neuropsychological dysfunction and neuroimaging abnormalities may prove more fruitful than exclusive focus on aetiology.


2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nlerum S Okogbule

AbstractThis article examines the legal and policy responses of the Nigerian government and other agencies to human trafficking, which is one of the central social and economic challenges facing the country today. After exploring the nature and dimensions of the practice, it argues that Nigeria's unenviable position as a country of origin, transit and destination in human trafficking, as well as the impact of the practice on the lives of the victims and adverse implications for the country's corporate image, make it imperative that effective measures are adopted to combat it. In this respect, while accepting that legal measures are important in achieving the objective, the article highlights some deficiencies in current efforts and suggests a multidimensional approach, with greater emphasis on the “push” and “pull” factors of human trafficking prevalent in the country, such as high levels of unemployment, poverty, inequality and marginalization.


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