Evidence for Aboriginal Tobaccos in Eastern North America

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Haberman
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Eastern Woodlands ◽  
Tobacco Seeds ◽  
Herbarium Collections ◽  
Aboriginal Groups

SEM micrographs of seeds from four tobaccos historically cultivated by aboriginal groups in the Eastern Woodlands and adjacent Great Plains of North America are presented. The tobaccos considered are Nicotiana rustica L., N. attenuata Torr., N. bigelovii var. quadrivalvis (Pursh) East, and N. bigelovii var. multivalvis (Lindley) East. Micrographs of seeds from herbarium collections are compared with micrographs of carbonized tobacco seeds from the Extended Middle Missouri component at the Travis I site, and tobacco is reported from the Dirt Lodge Village site, both in South Dakota. The archaeological specimens compare most favorably with N. bigelovii var. quadrivalvis (Pursh) East, the tobacco historically cultivated by the Arikara, Mandan, and Hidatsa. These results strengthen the evidence for trade contacts and cultural interaction by Middle Missouri tradition populations with groups to the west and provide new data on the temporal perspective for the cultivation of N. bigelovii var. quadrivalvis (Pursh) East in the Middle Missouri subarea.

scholarly journals Six new species and reports of Hydnum (Cantharellales) from eastern North America

MycoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 35-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Swenie ◽  
Timothy J. Baroni ◽  
P. Brandon Matheny
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Phylogenetic Species ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Taxonomic Descriptions ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Herbarium Collections ◽  
Environmental Sequences

Five species of Hydnum have been generally recognized from eastern North America based on morphological recognition: H.albidum, H.albomagnum, H.repandum and varieties, H.rufescens, and H.umbilicatum. Other unique North American species, such as H.caespitosum and H.washingtonianum, are either illegitimately named or considered synonymous with European taxa. Here, seventeen phylogenetic species of Hydnum are detected from eastern North America based on a molecular phylogenetic survey of ITS sequences from herbarium collections and GenBank data, including environmental sequences. Based on current distribution results, sixteen of these species appear endemic to North America. Of these, six species are described as new: H.alboaurantiacum, H.cuspidatum, H.ferruginescens, H.subconnatum, H.subtilior, and H.vagabundum. Geographic range extensions and taxonomic notes are provided for five additional species recently described as new from eastern North America. A new name, H.geminum, is proposed for H.caespitosum Banning ex Peck, non Valenti. Overall, species of Hydnum are best recognized by a combination of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Taxonomic descriptions are provided for seventeen species, including epitype designations for H.albidum, H.albomagnum, and H.umbilicatum, taxa described more than 100 years ago, and molecular annotation of the isotype of H.washingtonianum. Photographs and a key to eastern North American Hydnum species are presented.

A 13-YEAR SURVEY OF THE APHIDOPHAGOUS COCCINELLIDAE IN MAIZE FIELDS IN EASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Kieckhefer ◽  
N.C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
North America ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Eastern Canada

Coccinellids are a conspicuous group of aphidophagous predators in maize, Zea mays L., in the Northern Great Plains of the United States. Numerous studies have been conducted on the ecology of coccinellids in maize in North America (Ewert and Chiang 1966a, 1966b; Smith 1971; Foott 1973; Wright and Laing 1980; Corderre and Tourneur 1986; Corderre et al. 1987). However, there have been few long-term surveys of coccinellids in maize. Foott (1973) reported on the abundance of coccinellid species inhabiting maize in eastern Canada over a 4-year period; no surveys of this type have been reported for the Northern Great Plains. We sampled coccinellids in maize fields at three sites in eastern South Dakota for 13 consecutive years to determine the species inhabiting the crop and levels of variation in their abundances among sites and years.

A New Species of Triaspis Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Ontario

1958 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Abdominal Tergite ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
The Third ◽  
A New Species

This species is closely related to Triaspis (T.) halidayi Martin, from South Dakota, and Triaspis (T.) kurtogaster Martin, from eastern North America. In all three species the abdominal carapace is relatively strongly longitudinally rugoso-punctate and apically emarginate, and the clypeus is transverse. The new species may be readily distinguished from kurtogaster by its non-reflexed margin of the clypeus and by its less strongly developed marginal lamella of the third abdominal tergite, and may be separated from halidayi by its stronger, coarser, general rugoseness and darker colour.

scholarly journals Biochronology and biogeography of Paradaphoenus (Carnivora: Amphicyonidae) within the Great Plains Region of North America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clint A Boyd ◽  
Ed Welsh
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Local Fauna ◽  
White River ◽  
The Common ◽  
Size And Morphology

The amphicyonid, or “bear-dog,” Paradaphoenus was a small-bodied, hypercarnivorous carnivoran that lived in North America during the Oligocene. Specimens of Paradaphoenus are rare, in part owing to the common inaccurate referral of specimens to the abundant canid Hesperocyon, which was similar in size and morphology. Four new specimens of Paradaphoenus are noted from North Dakota and South Dakota that expand the geographic range of this taxon within the Great Plains region of North America and expand our knowledge of its anatomy. A single specimen from either a transitional Orellan/Whitneyan or early Whitneyan fauna in the Little Badlands area of North Dakota is referred to Paradaphoenus minimus. That taxon is elsewhere restricted to Orellan faunae, making that specimen the youngest occurrence of P. minimus yet recognized. The remaining specimens are from two early Whitneyan faunas, the Cedar Pass local fauna in South Dakota and a new locality within the Little Badlands area of North Dakota, and are referred to Paradaphoenus tooheyi. These discoveries highlight the difficulties of elucidating the biostratigraphic and biogeographic distributions of relatively rare taxa within the White River Chronofauna given the propensity for many specimen identifications to be biased in favor of more abundant, well-known taxa.

Landscapes, Ecosystems, and Prevailing Westerlies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Schwoch
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Relative Lack ◽  
Riverine Systems

For the telegraph in the mid-nineteenth century, eastern North America held an abundance of trees for telegraph poles; ample riverine systems for transporting telegraph poles and equipment; a growing system of railroads, post roads, and canals; and established telegraph entrepreneurs. None of this was available in western North America. Centered on the Great Plains, this chapter discusses the challenges of the high ground: the lack of trees, the extremes of climate and topography, the relative lack of navigable riverine systems and other transportation conduits, the reliance on trails, and the lack of technical expertise for establishing the telegraph in the Trans-Mississippi West. The chapter concludes with the completion of the Transcontinental Telegraph in 1861.

Palaeoindian artefact distributions: evidence and implications

Antiquity ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (285) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Anderson ◽  
Michael K. Faught
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Settlement Pattern ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Projectile Points ◽  
Fluted Points

The distribution of projectile points over broad geographic areas yields important insights about Palaeoindian settlement pattern and history. While traditionally viewed as a Great Plains adaptation, the data show that fluted points are far more common in Eastern North America. These artefacts are not evenly spread across the landscape, furthermore, but occur in distinct concentrations. Within some of these areas distinct cultural traditions quickly emerged, something that appears tied to the sudden onset of the Younger Dryas.

scholarly journals Biochronology and biogeography of Paradaphoenus (Carnivora: Amphicyonidae) within the Great Plains Region of North America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clint A Boyd ◽  
Ed Welsh
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Local Fauna ◽  
White River ◽  
The Common ◽  
Size And Morphology

The amphicyonid, or “bear-dog,” Paradaphoenus was a small-bodied, hypercarnivorous carnivoran that lived in North America during the Oligocene. Specimens of Paradaphoenus are rare, in part owing to the common inaccurate referral of specimens to the abundant canid Hesperocyon, which was similar in size and morphology. Four new specimens of Paradaphoenus are noted from North Dakota and South Dakota that expand the geographic range of this taxon within the Great Plains region of North America and expand our knowledge of its anatomy. A single specimen from either a transitional Orellan/Whitneyan or early Whitneyan fauna in the Little Badlands area of North Dakota is referred to Paradaphoenus minimus. That taxon is elsewhere restricted to Orellan faunae, making that specimen the youngest occurrence of P. minimus yet recognized. The remaining specimens are from two early Whitneyan faunas, the Cedar Pass local fauna in South Dakota and a new locality within the Little Badlands area of North Dakota, and are referred to Paradaphoenus tooheyi. These discoveries highlight the difficulties of elucidating the biostratigraphic and biogeographic distributions of relatively rare taxa within the White River Chronofauna given the propensity for many specimen identifications to be biased in favor of more abundant, well-known taxa.

Dating and Explaining Soapstone Vessels: A Comment on Truncer

2006 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Sassaman
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
North America ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Eastern Woodlands ◽  
Radiometric Data

A recent paper by Truncer (2004) perpetuates the recalcitrant misconception that soapstone vessel technology uniformly predates the inception of pottery across eastern North America. Whereas soapstone vessels indeed preceded the local adoption of pottery in limited areas, the bulk of stratigraphic and independent radiometric data supports the conclusion that soapstone vessels either accompanied or postdated the inception of pottery in many parts of the Eastern Woodlands. I reiterate here my criticism of benchmark studies that have been uncritically accepted to support the greater antiquity of soapstone. Given the coincidence of pottery and soapstone in many areas of the Eastern Woodlands, any explanation for the use of soapstone vessels must consider the relative costs and benefits of alternative container technology. Moreover, evidence for use of soapstone vessels in mortuary contexts, caches, and in locations far from geological sources of soapstone suggests that their significance resided not simply in the domestic economy of nut processing, as suggested by Truncer, but in the political economy of group formation and alliance.

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