Frontier Competition and Legal Creativity: A Castilian-Aragonese Case Study Based on Twelfth-Century Municipal Military Law

Speculum ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Military Law

The Byzantine canonical scholia: a case study in reading Byzantine manuscript marginalia

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
David Wagschal
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Historical Narratives

The scholia to the canonical manuscripts of theCollection in Fifty TitlesandCollection in Fourteen Titlesserve as an excellent case study in the potentials of marginalia to illuminate historical narratives and broaden our understanding of how the Byzantines encountered and read their traditional texts. This article explores these potentials by a) offering an overview and taxonomy of the canonical scholia; b) (re)discovering a Macedonian ‘proto-commentator’ hiding in plain sight in the margins of one manuscript; c) sketching some of the scholia's hermeneutic particularities in comparison to the twelfth-century canonical commentaries.

John IX Patriarch of Jerusalem in exile

2016 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Foteini Spingou
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
John Of Damascus ◽  
Holy Man

AbstractA series of seven epigrams from the Anthologia Marciana (MS Marc. gr. 524) sheds light on the life of John IX Merkouropoulos, patriarch of Jerusalem in exile (1157-before 1166). The evidence that comes to light reveals traces of a monastic network connecting Jerusalem with Constantinople. According to the epigrams, John became a monk at Mar Saba - something further evinced by the double vita of St John of Damascus and Kosmas of Maiouma that he composed [BHG 395]. After staying at the Koutsovendis monastery, he travelled to Constantinople, where Manuel I appointed him on the patriarchal see and also made him abbot of the monastery of St Diomedes/New Zion in Constantinople. Shortly before or after John’s departure from life, his disciple, the monk Clement, attempted to manifest that his spiritual father was a holy man. Thus, Clement had John’s portrait placed next to that of St James, the brother of God. John’s complex relationship with the Syropalestinian monastic tradition make his life and the survival of his memory an exceprional case study for understanduing the phenomenon of Holy Men in twelfth-century Constantinople.

scholarly journals Red Sea Entanglement: Initial Latin European Intellectual Development Regarding Nubia and Ethiopia during the Twelfth Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
European Engagement ◽  
Intellectual Networks

What happens to the ability to retrace networks when individual agents cannot be named and current archaeology is limited? In these circumstances, such networks cannot be traced, but, as this case study will show, they can be reconstructed and their effects can still be witnessed. This article will highlight how Latin European intellectual development regarding the Christian African kingdoms of Nubia and Ethiopia is due to multiple and far-reaching networks between Latin Europeans, Africans, and other Eastern groups, especially in the wider Red Sea region, despite scant direct evidence for the existence of such extensive intellectual networks. Instead, the absence of direct evidence for Latin European engagement with the Red Sea needs to be situated within the wider development of Latin European understandings of Nubia and Ethiopia throughout the twelfth century as a result of interaction with varied peoples, not least with Africans themselves. The developing Latin European understanding of Nubia is a result of multiple and varied exchanges.

scholarly journals The metropolitan and the Theban silk industry: a hypothetical reconstruction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Gang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Silk Industry ◽  
Working Hypothesis

Many theories have been proposed to explain the success of the Theban silk industry from the twelfth century onward. To contribute to this discussion in the context of recent research developments, this article explores the Theban metropolitan's hypothetical contribution to the industry through the case study of John Kaloktenes, who initiated a series of projects during his tenure (before 1166–c.1190). The analysis of three of these projects suggests that they might have been designed to support the industry. Thus, this article proposes the working hypothesis that Thebes's industrial success might have benefited substantially from the local metropolitan's active promotion.

Robert Grosseteste's Conclusiones and the Commentary on the Posterior Analytics

Vivarium ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Euclidean Geometry ◽  
Posterior Analytics

AbstractThis article examines the nature of Robert Grosseteste's commentary on Aristotle's Posterior Analytics with particular reference to his “conclusions” (conclusiones). It is argued (using book 1, chapter 2, of the commentary as a case study) that the simple demonstrative appearance of the commentary, which is very much the result of the 64 conclusions, is in part an illusion. Thus, the exposition in the commentary is not simply based on the strict principles of the Posterior Analytics and on the proof-procedures of Euclidean geometry; rather the commentary is a complicated mixture of different elements of twelfth-century texts and the scholarship of Grosseteste's day.

Evidence of Churches Aligned to the Sun on the Patron Saint’s Day in Southern Spain after the Twelfth Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Abril
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Major Peak ◽  
Systematic Survey ◽  
Parish Churches

This work studies the alignment of churches in southern Spain after the twelfth century. It merges the statistical analysis from a wide survey with the case study of Bujalance. In this area, the alignment of the parish churches of Our Lady of the Assumption and St Francis of Assisi (both from the early sixteenth century) accurately fit to the sunrise and sunset on their respective feast days. A systematic survey included all the parish churches with the two dedications above (N = 168 and 72, respectively), covering an area which roughly fits to the Muslim domain in the mid-twelfth century The measurement of their alignments allows an estimation of the continuous distribution of normalised frequency for each dedication. They show a major peak around the azimuths linked to the sunrise (Assumption) or sunset (St Francis) in their respective patronal festivals, as demonstrated by a detailed study of these churches.

scholarly journals The nature of minority languages: insights from Scotland

Multilingua ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-154
Author(s):  
Wilson McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
National Language ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
National Significance

Abstract The Gaelic language in Scotland presents a useful case study for the conceptualisation of minority languages. A key issue has been the extent to which Gaelic is understood as belonging to a discrete minority within Scotland and a bounded territory in the northwest of the country, or as a national language of significance to all of Scotland. Using the most obvious, demographic criterion, Gaelic is an extremely minoritised language, now spoken by barely 1.1 % of Scotland's population, and not spoken by a majority for at least five hundred years. Yet Gaelic was formerly the principal language of the Scottish kingdom, until processes of minoritisation began in the twelfth century. The concept of Gaelic as Scotland’s ‘true’ national language has been retained and refined, but co-exists with other interpretations that see Gaelic as belonging only to the territory that retained Gaelic after language shift occurred elsewhere. In recent decades, revitalisation initiatives (loosely connected with growing awareness of Scottish cultural distinctiveness and moves towards self-government) have promoted Gaelic as a language of national significance, an important resource for all Scots. Contemporary government policies advance this understanding even as speaker numbers continue to decline and many Scots view Gaelic as distant or irrelevant.

The Structure and Articulation of Aristocratic Society in Anglo-Norman England

2019 ◽  
pp. 310-357
Author(s):  
Peter Coss
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Norman Conquest ◽  
Anglo Norman

This chapter employs the Italian approach to feudalism where the feudo-vassalic relationship is one among many varieties of lord–client bond. It turns to the tenurial relationship and to the question of the honour. The perspective of the honour is complemented by Cortese’s concepts of zonal and multi-zonal aristocracy, aristocrazia intermedia, and minor aristocratic families. Warwickshire is taken as a case study revealing Anglo-Norman society as a dynamic one in which families appear and rise or fall. We examine religious benefaction, family structure and strategy, local lordship, and the protection of estates, before moving to tournaments and proto-chivalry. We pay close attention to the men described as milites, and to the survival of Englishmen as sub-tenants and the like. It was from the ensuing mix that the militaristic minor aristocracy of twelfth-century England sprang. Finally, the chapter examines the interlocking of public and seigniorial courts. Tension and uncertainty persisted, despite a new equilibrium being established after the massive shock of the Norman Conquest.

Considerations on Life and Death: Medieval Asceticism and the Dissolution of the Self

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Newman
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
The Self ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Subject

AbstractThis essay explores the question of whether medieval asceticism is annihilation of the self or a means of constituting the self. It reads Gary Lease's conclusion, that religion is programmed suicide, against studies of medieval asceticism that argue for an understanding of religion as an embodied discipline which forms the subject and provides a means of resisting social norms. It suggests that the project of understanding the forms of power embedded in particular concepts of religion requires not only historicizing the term "religion" but also analyzing concepts of self, body, and agency. Drawing on the writings of the twelfth-century monk Bernard of Clairvaux as a case study, it argues that Bernard's conception of religion described a variety of ways in which embodied discipline could form a subject, and that he employed these variations ideologically to define the boundaries of his community and Church.

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