scholarly journals Red Sea Entanglement: Initial Latin European Intellectual Development Regarding Nubia and Ethiopia during the Twelfth Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
European Engagement ◽  
Intellectual Networks

What happens to the ability to retrace networks when individual agents cannot be named and current archaeology is limited? In these circumstances, such networks cannot be traced, but, as this case study will show, they can be reconstructed and their effects can still be witnessed. This article will highlight how Latin European intellectual development regarding the Christian African kingdoms of Nubia and Ethiopia is due to multiple and far-reaching networks between Latin Europeans, Africans, and other Eastern groups, especially in the wider Red Sea region, despite scant direct evidence for the existence of such extensive intellectual networks. Instead, the absence of direct evidence for Latin European engagement with the Red Sea needs to be situated within the wider development of Latin European understandings of Nubia and Ethiopia throughout the twelfth century as a result of interaction with varied peoples, not least with Africans themselves. The developing Latin European understanding of Nubia is a result of multiple and varied exchanges.

The transfer of European intercultural discourse towards Latin American educational actors: a Mexican case study

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Indigenous Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Intercultural Education ◽  
Bilingual Teachers ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Intellectual Networks ◽  
State Educational ◽  
Intercultural Discourse

This paper analyses the ways transfer of the discourse on interculturality and intercultural education, as it has been coined and shaped by European anthropologists and pedagogues, towards educational actors and institutions in Latin America. My ethnographic data illustrate how this intercultural discourse is currently transferred through intellectual networks to different kinds of Mexican actors who are actively “translating” this discourse into the post-indigenismo situation of “indigenous education” and ethnic claims making in Mexico. On the basis of fieldwork conducted in two different institutions in the state of Veracruz, the appropriation and re-interpretation of, as well as the resistance against, the European discourse of interculturality are studied by comparing the training of “intercultural and bilingual” teachers through the state educational authorities and the notion of intercultural education, as applied within the so-called “Intercultural University of Veracruz”.

Direct evidence for the enhanced acquisition of phosphorus in the rhizosphere of aquatic plants: A case study on Vallisneria natans

2018 ◽  
Vol 616-617 ◽  
pp. 386-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xigang Xing ◽  
Shiming Ding ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Musong Chen ◽  
Wenming Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Vallisneria Natans

Process Tracing in Crisis Decision Making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Beach
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Causal Process ◽  
Foreign Policy Analysis ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Causal Processes

Process tracing is an in-depth case study method that can be used to study how causal processes play out within cases. Given its focus on processes and temporality, process tracing is a useful method for analyzing crisis and crisis decision making in the fields of foreign policy analysis and public policy. As can be seen from its name, process tracing involves theorizing a causal process that is then traced by investigating the observable manifestations of the operation of the process as a whole in the more minimalist variant, or for each of its parts in the more maximalist variant. Minimalist process tracing is typically used early in a research program as a form of plausibility probe to understand what types of processes might be linking a crisis event with particular outcomes like policy change. Maximalist process tracing can then be used once there is preliminary knowledge about processes, and where the goals become gaining a better theoretical understanding of how they operate, and making stronger causal inferences using more direct evidence of their operation.

The significance of aesthetic landscape appreciation to modern geotourism provision

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Hose
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
English Lake District ◽  
European Engagement ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Nineteeth Century

Many of the stakeholders involved in modern geotourism provision lack awareness of how the concept essentially ermeged, developed and was defined in Europe. Such stakeholders are unaware of how many of the modern approaches to landscape promotion and interpretation actually have nineteeth century antecedents. Similarly, many of the apparently modern threats to, and issues around, the protection of wild and fragile landscapes and geoconservation of specific geosites also first emerged in the ninetheeth century; the solutions that were developed to address those threats and issues were first applied in the early twentieth century and were subsequently much refined by the opening of the twenty-first century. However, the European engagement with wild and fragile landscapes as places to be appreciated and explored began much earlier than the nineteenth century and can be traced back to Renaissance times. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a summary consideration of this rather neglected aspect of geotourism, initially by considering its modern recognition and definitions and then by examining the English Lake District (with further examples from Britain and Australia available at the website) as a particular case study along with examples.

The Byzantine canonical scholia: a case study in reading Byzantine manuscript marginalia

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
David Wagschal
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Historical Narratives

The scholia to the canonical manuscripts of theCollection in Fifty TitlesandCollection in Fourteen Titlesserve as an excellent case study in the potentials of marginalia to illuminate historical narratives and broaden our understanding of how the Byzantines encountered and read their traditional texts. This article explores these potentials by a) offering an overview and taxonomy of the canonical scholia; b) (re)discovering a Macedonian ‘proto-commentator’ hiding in plain sight in the margins of one manuscript; c) sketching some of the scholia's hermeneutic particularities in comparison to the twelfth-century canonical commentaries.

Linking HEIs with the production sector: A communication approach between key actors in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico

2020 ◽  
pp. 095042222092205
Author(s):  
Tomás Francisco Limones Meráz ◽  
Julieta Flores Amador ◽  
Carmen Reaiche
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Ciudad Juarez ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Relationship Patterns ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Integrative Process ◽  
Communication Approach ◽  
The Relationship

To keep up with rapid evolutions in technical and scientific developments, countries must create competitive dynamics that enable key actors to generate high-tech projects, boosting both a country’s productivity and economic development. Higher education institutions (HEIs), with their intellectual capital and as core generators of knowledge, are one of the main actors in these dynamics, particularly given their societal responsibilities and contributions to intellectual development and technical knowledge in the community. This article aims to identify the relationship patterns required for actors to create a fully participatory and integrative process between HEIs and the production sector (PS). This integrative and linking process generates and improves technical projects in the region. Through a literature review and an analysis of current empirical evidence on the effectiveness of the relationship between these two sectors in the region, an interrelational map has been developed. This map aims to highlight key activities to be considered during the execution of the linkage and to identify an ecosystem of necessary elements to develop a diagnostic evaluation tool. This tool may be used to define the ideal conditions that should lead to project development between the HEIs and the PS. The article presents the region of Ciudad Juárez in Mexico as a case study.

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