The Mutual Relations of the Five Prints of the Testina and the Terminus Post Quem of the Original Print. I.

AbstractThis study focuses on the process of the gradual shaping of Czech national awareness in Moravia from the beginning of the nineteenth century onwards when the necessary conditions for the development of improved mutual relations between the Czech (Slavic) population in the two Lands of the Czech Crown -Bohemia and Moravia - were slowly being formed. Moravia faced a number of handicaps to the development of a national revival in comparison with Bohemia, the most significant of which was the relatively high degree of Germanisation of the land. A change to the image of Moravia came in the revolutionary years 1848/1849, when Czech national awareness spread to broader sections of society in Moravia. The view of Bohemia held by the Moravians underwent significant change and a period of increasingly intensive political and cultural contact between the two lands arose.

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The Determinants of Entrepreneurship Development in Spatial Systems

Przedsiębiorczość - Edukacja ◽

10.24917/20833296.13.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 8-24

Author(s):

Zbigniew Zioło

Keyword(s):

Spatial Scales ◽

Institutional Barriers ◽

Entrepreneurship Development ◽

Continental Scale ◽

Spatial Systems ◽

Business Conditions ◽

Mutual Relations ◽

Growth Shape ◽

Strategic Goal

The processes of technological progress create new opportunities for economic, social and cultural growth, shape new relations between economic entities and their environment, and influence changes in the determinants of entrepreneurship development. These processes vary significantly in certain geographic locations, characterised by an enormous diversity of natural, social, economic and cultural structures. As a consequence, this creates different opportunities and different conditions for the development of entrepreneurship in certain spatial scales, from the continental scale, through national and regional to local scales. The article presents complex conditions for the development of entrepreneurship, highlights its limitations resulting from institutional barriers, and the importance of knowing the mechanisms of mutual relations between spatial systems and the influence of control instruments. The quality of central and local government authorities is of particular significance here, which do not always properly use the mechanisms of rational business support. A serious barrier to the development of entrepreneurship is the low quality of social capital, manifested in a lack of trust in institutional authorities and reluctance to engage in entrepreneurship and business development. The conclusions point out that further research should be developed that will take into account changing business conditions, with a defined strategic goal of raising the quality and standard of living, international competitiveness of the country and products in different market categories.

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Muscovy and the Tatars

Canadian-American Slavic Studies ◽

10.30965/22102396-05404002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 403-431

Author(s):

Bulat R. Rakhimzianov

Keyword(s):

Seventeenth Century ◽

Social Institutions ◽

The Political ◽

East European ◽

Central Eurasia ◽

History Of ◽

Mutual Relations ◽

Forest Line ◽

The Relationship

Abstract This article explores relations between Muscovy and the so-called Later Golden Horde successor states that existed during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries on the territory of Desht-i Qipchaq (the Qipchaq Steppe, a part of the East European steppe bounded roughly by the Oskol and Tobol rivers, the steppe-forest line, and the Caspian and Aral Seas). As a part of, and later a successor to, the Juchid ulus (also known as the Golden Horde), Muscovy adopted a number of its political and social institutions. The most crucial events in the almost six-century-long history of relations between Muscovy and the Tatars (13–18th centuries) were the Mongol invasion of the Northern, Eastern and parts of the Southern Rus’ principalities between 1237 and 1241, and the Muscovite annexation of the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates between 1552 and 1556. According to the model proposed here, the Tatars began as the dominant partner in these mutual relations; however, from the beginning of the seventeenth century this role was gradually inverted. Indicators of a change in the relationship between the Muscovite grand principality and the Golden Horde can be found in the diplomatic contacts between Muscovy and the Tatar khanates. The main goal of the article is to reveal the changing position of Muscovy within the system of the Later Golden Horde successor states. An additional goal is to revisit the role of the Tatar khanates in the political history of Central Eurasia in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

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Mutual Relations of the Free Cossacks and the Russian State in the 16th – early 18th Centuries: Historiographical Approaches and Historical Realities

Российская история ◽

10.31857/s086956870001532-3 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 25-35

Author(s):

N. Nikitin ◽

Keyword(s):

Russian State ◽

Mutual Relations

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A. Davydov, Beijing, Washington, Moscow: Mutual Relations in the Context of Transformation of Global Architectonics

Far Eastern Affairs ◽

10.21557/fea.46905547 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (002) ◽

pp. 159-162

Author(s):

V. Petrovsky

Keyword(s):

Mutual Relations

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A Relic of Communism, an Architectural Nightmare or a Determinant of the City’s Brand? Media, Political and Architectural Dispute over the Monument to the Revolutionary Act in Rzeszów (Poland)

Arts ◽

10.3390/arts10010008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Sławomir Gawroński ◽

Dariusz Tworzydło ◽

Kinga Bajorek ◽

Łukasz Bis

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Political Communication ◽

Critical Analysis ◽

Historical Memory ◽

Media Discourse ◽

Political Dimension ◽

Social Events ◽

The Media ◽

Mutual Relations ◽

The Impact

This article deals with the issues of architectural elements of public space, treated as components of art and visual communication, and at the same time determinants of the emotional aspects of political conflicts, social disputes, and media discourse. The aim of the considerations is to show, with the usage of the principles of critical analysis of media discourse, the impact of social events, political communication, and the activity of mass communicators on the perception of the monument of historical memory and the changes that take place within its public evaluation. The authors chose the method of critical analysis of the media discourse due to its compliance with the planned purpose of the analyses, thus, providing the opportunity to perform qualitative research, enabling the creation of possibly up-to-date conclusions regarding both the studied thread, and allowing the extrapolation of certain conclusions to other examples. The media material relating to the controversial Monument to the Revolutionary Act, located in the city of Rzeszów (Poland), was selected for the analysis. On this example, an attempt was made to evaluate the mutual relations between politically engaged architecture and art, and the contemporary consequences of this involvement in the social and political dimension.

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