Institutional Foundations of Pricing Policy in the Steel Industry

The decision of the U. S. Supreme Court in the Cement Institute case (1948) had the effect of outfowing the system of basing point pricing used in the steel industry. But until 1953 the decision had relatively little effect on steel price competition because a strong sellers' market prevailed. In the future, as idle capacity continues, steel executives almost certainly will evolve a new method of securing uniform delivered prices. This objective for pricing policy is dictated by two broad sets of factors: the organizational structure of the industry (fewness of firms, an undifferentiated product, and inelastic demand), and the geographical distribution of the phnts of the largest producers. This article analyzes the multiple basing point system used up to 1948, the temporary expedients employed from 1948 to 1954, and the probable pricing policies of the future.

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Implications in the Abandonment of the Basing Point System by the Steel Industry

Financial Analysts Journal ◽

10.2469/faj.v4.n4.28 ◽

1948 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 28-33

Author(s):

Donald B. Macurda

Keyword(s):

Steel Industry ◽

Point System

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USAF Aircraft Maintenance Organizational Structure: Where We've Been, Where We Are, What's the Future

10.21236/ada202701 ◽

1988 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas E. Reiter

Keyword(s):

Organizational Structure ◽

Aircraft Maintenance ◽

The Future

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Ship of the Future

Marine Technology and SNAME News ◽

10.5957/mt1.1991.28.4.197 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 28 (04) ◽

pp. 197-212

Author(s):

K. Paetow

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

Organizational Structure ◽

Development Projects ◽

Main Task ◽

Focal Points ◽

Marine Research ◽

The Third ◽

Operational Costs ◽

The Future

In 1980 work began on one of the most intensive and comprehensive marine research and development projects—the German Ship of the Future. The main task was the reduction of the operational costs of a vessel. After five years of work the project was successfully finished with the maiden voyage of the first SdZ prototype ship. The paper describes first the R&D project itself. The organizational structure, the financial background and some examples of development topics are explained. The second part deals with the conversion of the outcomes of the R&D project into the reality of a containership. The third part gives, by example of some focal points of the newly developed ship service technique, a broad description of the HDW-SdZ prototype ships and their economy. A short outlook to further developments concludes the paper.

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Functioning of Terrorism

Violent Extremism ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7119-3.ch001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Dana Janbek

Keyword(s):

Organizational Structure ◽

Al Qaeda ◽

Significant Events ◽

The World ◽

The Future ◽

Terrorist Groups

This chapter explores the ways in which terrorist groups operate in today's world. The chapter focuses on the operation of terrorism and the different elements that play a role in this operation, including terrorist groups' missions and their significance in recruitment, what they hope to achieve, their cause, their organizational structure and leadership, the recruitment of terrorists online and offline, including the framing of messages to specific audiences, the reasons why people join their movements, the involvement of women in these operations, and the relationships among organizations. This chapter presents a solid overview of these topics while borrowing examples from a range of organizations to illustrate the different elements of terrorist operations. It highlights specific examples of historically significant events from various parts of the world that mark changes in overall terrorist operations. These include the migration from a centralized operation structure to a decentralized structure in organizations such as al-Qaeda, where its sub-organizations are ideologically aligned but loosely connected. To understand terrorism today, the chapter looks at how terrorist groups have operated historically and examines current developments and trends that will influence the future of terrorist operations.

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The effects of alcohol pricing policies on consumption, health, social and economic outcomes, and health inequality in Australia: a protocol of an epidemiological modelling study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029918 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. e029918 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Heng Jiang ◽

Robin Room ◽

Michael Livingston ◽

Sarah Callinan ◽

Alan Brennan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Inequalities ◽

Social Issues ◽

Price Policy ◽

Unit Price ◽

Risky Drinking ◽

Pricing Policy ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Policy Initiatives ◽

Pricing Policies ◽

The Impact

IntroductionAlcohol use and misuse are associated with substantial health and social issues in Australia and internationally. Pricing policy is considered as one of the most effective means to reduce risky drinking and related harms. This protocol paper describes a study that will model and estimate the effects, effectiveness and cost–benefit of alcohol pricing policy initiatives in reducing risky drinking, health and social harms, and health inequalities among subpopulations in Australia.Methods and analysisThe study is a modelling and epidemiological study using data from various resources, such as survey, previous literatures and response agencies. A number of statistical procedures will be undertaken to evaluate the impact of different alcohol pricing policy initiatives on various outcomes, including alcohol consumption in population subgroups, and health and social problems, and to measure health inequalities and cost-effectiveness of those proposed pricing policies, such as a 10% tax increase on all alcohol beverages or introduction of a minimum unit price.Ethics and disseminationThe ethics approval of this study was obtained from the College Human Ethics Sub-Committee of the La Trobe University on 9 November 2017 (Ref: S17-206). While examining the heterogeneous effects of price policy across population subgroups, this study will provide the first comprehensive estimates of the likely impacts of alcohol price changes on health inequalities. The study will also provide sophisticated economic analyses of the impact of price policy changes, which is critical information for policy makers and will assist policy makers in directing resources to a more efficient alcohol strategy. Results will be made available to communities and societies, health departments and other researchers.

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