On time changes in a digraph

1965 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Bhargava
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Incidence Matrix ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Group A ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Set Of Points ◽  
Ordered Pairs

The object of this paper is to present a probabilistic model for analyzing changes through time in a binary dyadic relation on a finite set of points. The total relation on the set takes the form of an aggregate of directed binary dyadic relations between ordered pairs of points belonging to the set; equivalently, the total relation on the set can be represented by means of a digraph or an incidence matrix isomorphic with the total relation. Such a relation, changing in its structure as time proceeds, is a reasonable mathematical model, for example, for the evolution of inter-relationships of the members of a social or any other group. A group of this kind is organized for a specific activity involving some sort of “communication” from one member to the other, and may be observed at successive discrete points in time generating statistics on the evolutionary process. (For a detailed treatment, see [3].) As a matter of fact, under suitable assumptions, the model presented here has potentialities for application in those situations which can be represented mathematically in terms of a finite set of points and an all-or-none relationship between ordered pairs of these points. Some of the other examples are communication networks, ecology, animal sociology, and management sciences (see [5]).

On time changes in a digraph

1965 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 101-118
Author(s):  
T. N. Bhargava
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Incidence Matrix ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Group A ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Set Of Points ◽  
Ordered Pairs

The object of this paper is to present a probabilistic model for analyzing changes through time in a binary dyadic relation on a finite set of points. The total relation on the set takes the form of an aggregate of directed binary dyadic relations between ordered pairs of points belonging to the set; equivalently, the total relation on the set can be represented by means of a digraph or an incidence matrix isomorphic with the total relation. Such a relation, changing in its structure as time proceeds, is a reasonable mathematical model, for example, for the evolution of inter-relationships of the members of a social or any other group. A group of this kind is organized for a specific activity involving some sort of “communication” from one member to the other, and may be observed at successive discrete points in time generating statistics on the evolutionary process. (For a detailed treatment, see [3].) As a matter of fact, under suitable assumptions, the model presented here has potentialities for application in those situations which can be represented mathematically in terms of a finite set of points and an all-or-none relationship between ordered pairs of these points. Some of the other examples are communication networks, ecology, animal sociology, and management sciences (see [5]).

A characterization of sets of n points which determine n hyperplanes

1968 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Basterfield ◽  
L. M. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Projective Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Finite Projective Space ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Set Of Points

Suppose N is a set of points of a d-dimensional incidence space S and {Ha}, a ∈ I, a set of hyperplanes of S such that Hi ∈ {Ha} if and only if Hi ∩ N spans Hi. N is then said to determine {Ha}. We are interested here in the case in which N is a finite set of n points in S and I = {1, 2,…, n}; that is to say when a set of n points determines precisely n hyperplanes. Such a situation occurs in E3, for example, when N spans E3 and is a subset of two (skew) lines, or in E2 if N spans the space and n − 1 of the points are on a line. On the other hand, the n points of a finite projective space determine precisely n hyperplanes so that the structure of a set of n points determining n hyperplanes is not at once transparent.

scholarly journals An algorithm to calculates an allocation maximizing the leximin order on the utility profiles of the agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Sylvain Bouveret ◽  
Michel Lemaître
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
General Problem ◽  
Constraint Programming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fair Allocation ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Test Sets

Allocating a limited set of resources equitably and efficiently to agents each with their own preferences is a general problem of considerable significance. Many examples of this problem are commonly found, among which we can cite the construction of schedules, the sharing of communication networks, the management of airport resources involving several companies, the sharing of airspace between different users, sharing of satellite resources. In the context of constraint programming, we propose an algorithm solving the following problem: allocate in an equitable and efficient way a finite set of objects to agents each having their own utilities, under admissibility constraints. The algorithm calculates an allocation maximizing the leximin order on the utility profiles of the agents. We also describe the field of application that motivated this work: the sharing of satellite resources. We extract from it a simple and precise problem of fair allocation, which serves as a basis, thanks to a generator of test sets, for the evaluation of the proposed algorithm. Two implementations of the algorithm are compared, one in "pure" constraint programming, with Choco, the other in mixed linear programming with Cplex.

Tonsillar Inflammation, a Rare Cause of Bradycardia and Hypotension

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
The Other ◽  
Streptococcus Group ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group A

Tonsillitis is a frequently encountered pathology in the outpatient setting, usually caused by viruses [1]. When bacterial, the most common causatory microbe is streptococcus group A [1]. Tonsillar and peritonsillar abscess (PTA) on the other hand are never viral, and are usually caused by streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus melleri, fusobacterium necrophorum and staphylococci [1,2]. The overall incidence of PTA is suggested to be 37/100,000 patients, with the highest incidence between ages 14-21 at 124/100,000 [3].

Psychophysically Based Physical Capability Limits For Right Angle Power Tool Operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 910-914
Author(s):  
Jonathan Valencia ◽  
Joel Cort
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mixed Design ◽  
Joint Orientation ◽  
Physical Capability ◽  
Subject Variables ◽  
Group A ◽  
Repeated Analysis ◽  
Post Hoc

A psychophysical methodology was utilized to examine 40 non-skilled female participants performing right-angle power tool (RAPT) fastening tasks. A combination of two between subject variables were examined for a total of four between-subject groups: joint orientation (horizontal and vertical planes) and joint hardness (hard and soft joints). Participants were evenly distributed into one of four joint orientation- hardness groups. Within each group, a combination of three fastening strategies and three fastening frequencies were performed by each participant. The chosen target torque determined the physical capability limits (PCL). A mixed-design repeated analysis of variance with Tukey’ significance post hoc test were used to determine any significance with the measured variables ( p<0.05). Fastening strategy and frequency influenced the chosen torque magnitude. Participants chose significantly higher target torques with the Turbo Tight strategy in comparison to the other two strategies. Furthermore, participants chose to accept lower target torques and forces as fastening frequency increased.

scholarly journals Effect of Photofunctionalization with 6 W or 85 W UVC on the Degree of Wettability of RBM Titanium in Relation to the Irradiation Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5427
Author(s):  
Arturo Sanchez-Perez ◽  
Nuria Cano-Millá ◽  
María José Moya Villaescusa ◽  
José María Montoya Carralero ◽  
Carlos Navarro Cuellar
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydrophilic Surface ◽  
Biological Ageing ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Group A

Photoactivation with ultraviolet C light can reverse the effects derived from biological ageing by restoring a hydrophilic surface. Ten titanium discs were randomly divided into three groups: a control group, a 6 W group, and an 85 W group. A drop of double-distilled, deionized, and sterile 10 µL water was applied to each of the discs. Each disc was immediately photographed in a standardized and perpendicular manner. Measurements were taken based on the irradiation time (15, 30, 60, and 120 min). UVC irradiation improved the control values in both groups. There was no difference in its effect between the 6 W group and the other groups during the first 30 min. However, after 60 min and up to 120 min, 85 W had a significantly stronger effect. The contact angles with the 85 W ultraviolet light source at 60 and 120 min were 19.43° and 31.41°, respectively, whereas the contact angles for the 6 W UVC source were 73.8° and 61.45°. Power proved to be the most important factor, and the best hydrophilicity result was obtained with a power of 85 W for 60 min at a wavelength of 254 nm.

scholarly journals On extremums of sums of powered distances to a finite set of points

2012 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Nikolov ◽  
Rafael Rafailov
Keyword(s):  
Finite Set ◽  
Set Of Points

Dirty Work and Dirtier Work: Differences in Countering Physical, Social, and Moral Stigma

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake E. Ashforth ◽  
Glen E. Kreiner
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Identity Threat ◽  
Dirty Work ◽  
Exotic Dancers ◽  
Organization Level ◽  
Group A

The literature on dirty work has focused on what physically (e.g., garbage collectors), socially (e.g., addiction counsellors), and morally (e.g., exotic dancers) stigmatized occupations have in common, implying that dirty work is a relatively monolithic construct. In this article, we focus on thedifferencesbetween these three forms of dirty work and how occupational members collectively attempt to counter the particular stigma associated with each. We argue that the largest differences are between moral dirty work and the other two forms; if physical and social dirty work tend to be seen as more necessary than evil, then moral dirty work tends to be seen as more evil than necessary. Moral dirty work typically constitutes a graver identity threat to occupational members, fostering greater entitativity (a sense of being a distinct group), a greater reliance on members as social buffers, and a greater use of condemning condemners and organization-level defensive tactics. We develop a series of propositions to formalize our arguments and suggest how this more nuanced approach to studying dirty work can stimulate and inform future research.

scholarly journals Short-term evaluation of an intra-articular technique for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs using nylon or polyester

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Tiago Carmagnani Prada ◽  
Anderson Coutinho da Silva ◽  
Bruno Watanabe Minto
Keyword(s):  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polyester Yarn ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Limb Function ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Rupture ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCrLR) is a common condition found in the small animal routine, being correlated to traumas, obesity, genetic factors, and primary osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs. Affected animals show articular instability that, if not corrected surgically, may cause secondary OA and loss of limb function. The aim of this study was to compare short-term results of the intra-articular technique for knee stabilization after CCrLR using a surgical button associated with polyester yarn (Group A), the surgical button associated with nylon yarn (Group B), and surgical toggle associated with polyester yarn (Group C). Eighteen dogs presenting CCrLR, weight varying from 5 to 35 kg, and different sex and breed were divided into three groups of six individuals. OA radiographic grade, pre- and post-operative lameness, surgical time, and the macroscopic aspect of cartilage were assessed. The intra-articular technique was performed by passing a suture through two tunnels, drilled in the femoral condyle and tibial crest to stabilize the knee joint. Twelve animals presented a decreased lameness and normal limb function after 15 days. On the other hand, four dogs from Group B presented complications: two dogs had suture rupture after 30 days and other two showed muscular contracture with decreased range of motion, followed by loss of limb function. In Group A, one dog showed suture rupture after 15 days and other had suture infection after 30 days. In Group C, dogs recovered normal limb function without complications. Therefore, surgical toggle associated with polyester yarn was better than the other studied materials.

scholarly journals Efficacy of High-Power Laser in Alleviating Pain and Improving Function of Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Farshad Nouri ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Raeissadat ◽  
Dariush Eliaspour ◽  
Seyed Mansoor Rayegani ◽  
Maryam Sadat Rahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Group A ◽  
Laser Group ◽  
Group B ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Post Therapy

Introduction: In this study, a single-blind and randomized controlled trial (RCT) for assessing the effectiveness of high-power (up to 12 W) laser therapy (HPLT) on patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) was carried out. Methods: Forty-four patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups by generating random numbers with MATLAB 2014b software, where odd and even numbers were attributed to sham laser group (group A) and actual laser group (group B), respectively. Group B patients underwent HPLT with total dose of 300 J/session for 5 consecutive sessions separated by a 2-day interval. On the other hand, sham laser was applied to group A patients. Both groups had the same exercise therapy programs during the study period (3 months). The exercise therapy program included isometric knee exercise for 3 sets per day and 10 times in each set, with duration of 10 seconds per time and straight leg raise for 15 seconds 10 times a day. The group codes of patients were not revealed to subjects and data analyzer until completion of the study. Kujala, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaires were chosen as outcome measures. These questionnaires were completed at three points during the study; at the beginning of the study to obtain the pre-therapy conditions and one month and three months after the start of the study to evaluate post-therapy conditions. Results: Two main analyses were conducted: within-group and between-group analyses. Withingroup analyses indicated significant improvements in respect to all measurements where pretherapy and post-therapy comparisons were conducted in both groups (P < 0.05). On the other hand, between-group comparisons did not reveal any statistically significant functional difference between group A and group B regarding the evaluative criteria (P > 0.05) except for pain VAS (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that short-term HPLT accompanied by appropriate exercise regimen significantly decreased pain in patients with PFPS. But it was not recommended as an efficient modality in functional improvement. Also, it was observed that, in the short-term period of study, HPLT was a safe modality.

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