Hymenolepis diminuta Utilizes the Envelope Surrounding Moniliformis moniliformis in Order to Survive in the Cockroach Host

Summary The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and species composition of helminths in commensal rodents captured inside private residences in the city of Villahermosa in Tabasco, Mexico. Trapping was performed at each house for three consecutive nights from October to December 2015. Fifty commensal rodents were captured: 23 Rattus norvegicus, 16 Mus musculus and 11 Rattus rattus. Rodents were transported alive to the laboratory and held in cages until they defecated. Feces were analyzed for helminth eggs using the Sheather’s flotation technique. The overall prevalence of helminths in rodents was 60 %: R. norvegicus was more likely to be parasitized (87.0 %) than R. rattus (63.6 %) and M. musculus (18.8 %). Eggs from at least 13 species of helminths were identified: Hymenolepis diminuta, Rodentolepis nana, Moniliformis moniliformis, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Heterakis spumosa, Mastophorus muris, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Strongyloides ratti, Syphacia obvelata, Syphacia muris, Toxocara sp., Trichosomoides crassicauda, and Trichuris muris. This is the first study to report the presence of H. polygyrus, S. ratti and T. crassicauda in commensal rodents in Mexico. In conclusion, our results suggest that helminths commonly infect commensal rodents in Villahermosa and therefore rodents present a health risk to inhabitants in this region.

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Endo-parasites of public-health importance recovered from rodents in the Durban metropolitan area, South Africa

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.4102/sajid.v32i2.55 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 57-66

Author(s):

Colleen E. Archer ◽

Christopher C. Appleton ◽

Samson Mukaratirwa ◽

Jennifer Lamb ◽

M. Corrie Schoeman

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Parasite Prevalence ◽

Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽

Public Health Importance ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Medical Practitioners ◽

Parasite Infections ◽

And Gender ◽

Moniliformis Moniliformis

Background: Parasite infections of public health importance carried by Rattus spp. on the African continent (excluding toxoplasmosis) have not been adequately researched. The aim of this study was to investigate endoparasites of public health importance, particularly those associated with R. norvegicus, at different locations and seasons within the port-city, Durban.Methods: Four hundred rodents (379 R. norvegicus, 10 R. rattus and 11 Mastomys natalensis) were live-trapped at 60 sites in four locations, during wet and dry seasons in 2009. Rats were humanely euthanased, cardiac blood drawn (for blood smears and serology), ectoparasites removed and dissected. Each organ was separately processed to collect parasites. Binary logistic regression and four-way ANOVAs were used to test for the effects of location, season, rodent age and gender on parasite prevalence, richness and abundance.Results: Eight parasites of public health importance were detected: Gongylonema sp. (25.3%), Trypanosoma lewisi (22.8%), Hymenolepis diminuta (17.2%), Angiostrongylus cantonensis (15.3%), Toxoplasma gondii (11.2%), Moniliformis moniliformis (9.5%), Calodium hepaticum (2.6%) and H. nana (0.8%). Ascaris spp. (probably A. lumbricoides) ova, assumed to have been acquired from consuming infected human faeces were found in rat faeces (4.8%). Parasite species richness was positively associated with location, season and rodent age. Location, season, rat age and gender differentially affected prevalence and worm abundance of parasite species.Conclusions: These occurrence data of parasites of public health importance provide valuable information to local and provincial organisations and medical practitioners for diagnoses of possible zoonoses, and a reference point for further studies in metropolitan areas of Africa.

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Immunosuppression by larvae ofMoniliformis moniliformis(Acanthocephala) in their cockroach host (Periplaneta Americana)

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000062235 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 307-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ann M. Lackie ◽

Rohan Holt

Keyword(s):

Periplaneta Americana ◽

Developmental Period ◽

Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽

Immune Reactivity ◽

Immune Responsiveness ◽

Latex Beads ◽

In The Wild ◽

Moniliformis Moniliformis

SUMMARYThe results of 4 different assays for haemocytic immune responsiveness in the cockroach,Periplaneta americana, have shown that the presence of larvae ofMoniliformis moniliformiswithin the haemocoele depresses the insect's immune reactivity. Thus, the proportion of haemocytes that phagocytose fluorescent latex beadsin vivo, the proportion of haemocytes that can be stimulatedin vitroby theβ1,3-glucan, laminarin, to produce phenoloxidase, and the number of haemocytic aggregates producedin vivoin response to zymosan stimulation, are significantly depressed compared with control, unparasitized cockroaches. Also, when cockroaches are injected intra-haemocoelically with hatched oncospheres of the tapeworm,Hymenolepis diminuta, a higher prevalence and intensity of tapeworm larvae are found in insects already parasitized byM. moniliformis. All of these assays show that depression rather than total suppression of the immune response occurs; in the wild, this may be sufficient to ensure that the cockroach does not succumb to unrelated infections during the long developmental period of the parasite.

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Gastrointestinal helminth parasites of the black rat (Rattus rattus) in Abeokuta, southwest Nigeria

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00015947 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 217-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

C.F. Mafiana ◽

M.B. Osho ◽

S. Sam-Wobo

Keyword(s):

Rattus Rattus ◽

Common Species ◽

Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽

Helminth Parasites ◽

Trichuris Muris ◽

Mean Intensity ◽

Black Rat ◽

Southwest Nigeria ◽

Moniliformis Moniliformis ◽

Taenia Taeniaeformis

AbstractA survey of 612 black rats, Rattus rattus (282 males and 330 females), for infections with helminth parasites was carried out in Abeokuta, in southwest Nigeria. Three hundred and ninety six (64.7%) were infected with one or more of seven species of helminths comprising three cestodes (Hymenolepis diminuta, Taenia taeniaeformis (cyst) and Raillietina sp.) three nematodes (Mastophorus muris, Trichuris muris and Syphacia sp.) and one acanthocephalan (Moniliformis moniliformis). Although the prevalence of infection in males (76.6%) was more than in females (54.5%) (P< 0.01), there was no difference in the mean intensity of infection, MI, (males = 11.6 ± 0.94, females = 11.1 ± 1.56). Among the different weight classes, rats of 100–130g were more infected (89.3%) and had the highest mean intensity (MI = 21.6) than those that weighed <100g (47.1%, MI = 6.4) and >130g (73.9%, MI = 9.3). Moniliformis moniliformis was the most common species encountered (39.2%) and had the highest mean intensity in both sexes ( = 7.4 ± 0.74). Considering the rat-man proximity, this finding has considerable public health implications.

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Interspecific effects betweenMoniliformis(Acanthocephala),Hymenolepis(Cestoda) andNippostrongylus(Nematoda) in the laboratory rat

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000055906 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 94 (3) ◽

pp. 567-581 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Celia Holland

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽

Single Infection ◽

Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽

Laboratory Rat ◽

Concurrent Infections ◽

Parasite Infections ◽

Moniliformis Moniliformis

Rats harbouring 35-day-old primary infections ofMoniliformis moniliformisandHymenolepis diminutawere inoculated with equal doses ofNippostrongylus brasiliensisand were autopsied 10 days later. Significant reductions were found in the dry weight ofMoniliformisandHymenolepisand in the numbers ofNippostrongylusrecovered compared with single infections. Similarly, in infections with two parasites, the numbers ofNippostrongyluswere reduced when concurrent withMoniliformisand the dry weights ofMoniliformisandHymenolepisdecreased in the presence of each other. A comparison of the concurrent infections themselves revealed thatMoniliformisweighed significantly less in the presence ofHymenolepisthan in the three parasite infections. Parasite interactions and their possible mechanism are discussed and comparisons are made with the relevant single infection for each parasite.

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Helmintofauna Gastrointestinal de Importancia Zoonótica y sus Aspectos Patológicos en Roedores (Rattus spp) en Tres Medioambientes

Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú ◽

10.15381/rivep.v27i4.12568 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 736

Author(s):

Deisy Abad A. ◽

Amanda Chávez V. ◽

Rosa Pinedo V. ◽

Manuel Tantaleán V. ◽

Omar Gonzáles-Viera

Keyword(s):

Rattus Rattus ◽

Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽

Trichuris Muris ◽

Syphacia Muris ◽

Moniliformis Moniliformis ◽

Intestino Delgado

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar y determinar la prevalencia de helmintos gastrointestinales de importancia zoonótica presentes en roedores (Rattus spp) en tres medioambientes (granjas porcinas, zoológico y mercados de abastos) de Lima, Perú, así como estimar la asociación entre presencia de helmintos y las variables lugar de procedencia, especie, edad y sexo. Se capturaron 245 (Rattus rattus y Rattus norvergicus) roedores mediante el uso de trampas de captura viva. Cráneos, piel, carta dentaria y parámetros morfométricos se utilizaron para la clasificación taxonómica de las especies. Se colectó el estómago e intestino delgado y grueso. Los helmintos se colocaron en alcohol 70% y los tejidos fueron preservados en formol 10%. La prevalencia de helmintos gastrointestinales fue de 72.2% en tanto que la prevalencia de helmintos zoonóticos fue de 46.5%. Se hallaron cuatro especies de importancia zoonótica: Raillietina demerariensis, Gongylonema neoplasticum, Hymenolepis diminuta y Moniliformis moniliformis; estos dos últimos de mayor frecuencia en los tres ecosistemas. Otros helmintos identificados fueron Mastophorus muris, Heterakis spumosa, Aspicularis tetrapera, Syphacia muris, Trichuris muris, Capillaria sp y Vampirolepis fraterna. Los hallazgos histopatológicos mostraron disminución del tamaño de las vellosidades intestinales, desprendimiento de células epiteliales, aumento del número de células caliciformes y enterocitos con presencia de eosinófilos, linfocitos, plasmocitos y macrófagos asociados a H. diminuta, M. moniliformis y R. demerariensis.

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Water Balance and Its Relation to Fermentation Acid Production in the Intestinal Parasites Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) and Moniliformis moniliformis (Acanthocephala)

Journal of Parasitology ◽

10.2307/3282735 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 77 (6) ◽

pp. 874 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gary L. Uglem

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Acid Production ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽

Moniliformis Moniliformis

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Identificación de Parásitos Gastrointestinales en ratas de Lima Metropolitana

Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú ◽

10.15381/rivep.v26i2.11003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 273 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Renzo De Sotomayor C. ◽

Enrique Serrano-Martínez ◽

Manuel Tantaleán V. ◽

Marco Quispe H. ◽

Gina Casas V.

Keyword(s):

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Rattus Rattus ◽

Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽

Syphacia Muris ◽

Moniliformis Moniliformis ◽

Aspiculuris Tetraptera

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los helmintos gastrointestinales en ratas de Lima Metropolitana, Perú, así como cuantificar la frecuencia de infección, resaltando los resultados de aquellos helmintos de interés zoonótico. Se capturaron 53 Rattus rattus y 20 Rattus norvegicus en cinco zonas urbanas. Los tractos gastrointestinales se procesaron con la técnica de Travassos y las heces se evaluaron por observación directa en el microscopio. El 77.4% de R. rattus y el 100% de R. norvegicus estuvieron infectados con helmintos. En R. rattus se identificaron tres especies de cestodos: Hymenolepis diminuta (39.6%), Rodentolepis fraterna (7.5%) y Raillietina demerariensis (7.5%), seis especies de nematodos: Gongylonema neoplasticum (41.5%), Heterakis spumosa (13.2%), Syphacia muris (11.3%), Strongyloides ratti (15.1%), Aspiculuris tetraptera (11.3%) y Protospirura chanchanensis (3.8%) y una especie de acantocéfalo: Moniliformis moniliformis (32.1%). En R. norvegicus se identificaron dos especies de cestodos: Hymenolepis diminuta (55%) y Rodentolepis fraterna (5%), tres especies de nematodos: Gongylonema neoplasticum (75%), Heterakis spumosa (65%) y Strongyloides ratti (45%) y una especie de acantocéfalo: Moniliformis moniliformis (35%). Los resultados indican que Hymenolepis diminuta y Moniliformis moniliformis fueron los agentes parasitarios de importancia zoonótica más frecuentes.

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R. rattus y R. norvegicus, como reservorio de endoparásitos zoonóticos en Ecuador

Revista Mvz Córdoba ◽

10.21897/rmvz.1260 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. e1260

Author(s):

Luis Fernando Solorzano-Alava ◽

Francisco Ivan Sanchez-Amador ◽

Sunny Sanchez-Giler ◽

Jaime Pizarro V

Keyword(s):

Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽

Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽

Cysticercus Fasciolaris ◽

Moniliformis Moniliformis

Objetivo. Recolectar información sobre la presencia de parasitosis intestinales en roedores, con énfasis en parásitos de importancia médica en humanos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio parasitológico para detectar la presencia de helmintos en roedores en zonas urbanas y rurales de cinco provincias del Ecuador entre el 2014 y 2017. Los roedores fueron capturados y transportados al Centro Referencia Nacional de Parasitología del Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública – Guayaquil, para su posterior análisis. Resultados. Se encontraron 125/211 (59.2%) ratas con endoparásitos, 13/20 (65%) R. rattus y 112/191 (58.6%) R. norvegicus. El nemátodo más prevalente fue Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (para ambas especies de roedores), y Heterakis spumosa, seguido por los cestodos: Hymenolepis diminuta, H. nana, Moniliformis moniliformis y Cysticercus fasciolaris. Conclusiones. La presencia de cuatro especies de cestodos zoonóticos en los roedores muestreados que viven cerca comunidades humanas, representan un riesgo potencial de infecciónpara los habitantes, especialmente en el caso de R. norvegicus (presento mayor diversidad de especies parasitarias).Por lo tanto, el control de la población de roedores en las áreas residenciales y las recomendaciones a la población local sobre el riesgo de transmisión de enfermedades a través de roedores parece ser totalmente necesario.

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