scholarly journals R. rattus y R. norvegicus, como reservorio de endoparásitos zoonóticos en Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. e1260
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Solorzano-Alava ◽  
Francisco Ivan Sanchez-Amador ◽  
Sunny Sanchez-Giler ◽  
Jaime Pizarro V
Keyword(s):  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Cysticercus Fasciolaris ◽  
Moniliformis Moniliformis

Objetivo. Recolectar información sobre la presencia de parasitosis intestinales en roedores, con énfasis en parásitos de importancia médica en humanos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio parasitológico para detectar la presencia de helmintos en roedores en zonas urbanas y rurales de cinco provincias del Ecuador entre el 2014 y 2017. Los roedores fueron capturados y transportados al Centro Referencia Nacional de Parasitología del Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública – Guayaquil, para su posterior análisis. Resultados. Se encontraron 125/211 (59.2%) ratas con endoparásitos, 13/20 (65%) R. rattus y 112/191 (58.6%) R. norvegicus. El nemátodo más prevalente fue Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (para ambas especies de roedores), y Heterakis spumosa, seguido por los cestodos: Hymenolepis diminuta, H. nana, Moniliformis moniliformis y Cysticercus fasciolaris. Conclusiones. La presencia de cuatro especies de cestodos zoonóticos en los roedores muestreados que viven cerca comunidades humanas, representan un riesgo potencial de infecciónpara los habitantes, especialmente en el caso de R. norvegicus (presento mayor diversidad de especies parasitarias).Por lo tanto, el control de la población de roedores en las áreas residenciales y las recomendaciones a la población local sobre el riesgo de transmisión de enfermedades a través de roedores parece ser totalmente necesario.

scholarly journals Research Note. Occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in commensal rodents from Tabasco, Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cigarroa-Toledo ◽  
Y. De Los Santos-Martinez ◽  
C. V. Zaragoza-Vera ◽  
M. M. Garcia-Rodriguez ◽  
C. M. Baak-Baak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Syphacia Muris ◽  
Commensal Rodents ◽  
Syphacia Obvelata ◽  
Moniliformis Moniliformis

Summary The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and species composition of helminths in commensal rodents captured inside private residences in the city of Villahermosa in Tabasco, Mexico. Trapping was performed at each house for three consecutive nights from October to December 2015. Fifty commensal rodents were captured: 23 Rattus norvegicus, 16 Mus musculus and 11 Rattus rattus. Rodents were transported alive to the laboratory and held in cages until they defecated. Feces were analyzed for helminth eggs using the Sheather’s flotation technique. The overall prevalence of helminths in rodents was 60 %: R. norvegicus was more likely to be parasitized (87.0 %) than R. rattus (63.6 %) and M. musculus (18.8 %). Eggs from at least 13 species of helminths were identified: Hymenolepis diminuta, Rodentolepis nana, Moniliformis moniliformis, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Heterakis spumosa, Mastophorus muris, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Strongyloides ratti, Syphacia obvelata, Syphacia muris, Toxocara sp., Trichosomoides crassicauda, and Trichuris muris. This is the first study to report the presence of H. polygyrus, S. ratti and T. crassicauda in commensal rodents in Mexico. In conclusion, our results suggest that helminths commonly infect commensal rodents in Villahermosa and therefore rodents present a health risk to inhabitants in this region.

Interspecific effects betweenMoniliformis(Acanthocephala),Hymenolepis(Cestoda) andNippostrongylus(Nematoda) in the laboratory rat

Parasitology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Holland
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Laboratory Rat ◽  
Concurrent Infections ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Moniliformis Moniliformis

Rats harbouring 35-day-old primary infections ofMoniliformis moniliformisandHymenolepis diminutawere inoculated with equal doses ofNippostrongylus brasiliensisand were autopsied 10 days later. Significant reductions were found in the dry weight ofMoniliformisandHymenolepisand in the numbers ofNippostrongylusrecovered compared with single infections. Similarly, in infections with two parasites, the numbers ofNippostrongyluswere reduced when concurrent withMoniliformisand the dry weights ofMoniliformisandHymenolepisdecreased in the presence of each other. A comparison of the concurrent infections themselves revealed thatMoniliformisweighed significantly less in the presence ofHymenolepisthan in the three parasite infections. Parasite interactions and their possible mechanism are discussed and comparisons are made with the relevant single infection for each parasite.

scholarly journals Helminth Parasites among Rodents in the Middle East Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2342
Author(s):  
Md Mazharul Islam ◽  
Elmoubashar Farag ◽  
Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan ◽  
Devendra Bansal ◽  
Salah Al Awaidy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Cysticercus Fasciolaris

Rodents can be a source of zoonotic helminths in the Middle East and also in other parts of the world. The current systematic review aimed to provide baseline data on rodent helminths to recognize the threats of helminth parasites on public health in the Middle East region. Following a systematic search on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, a total of 65 research studies on rodent cestodes, nematodes, and trematodes, which were conducted in the countries of the Middle East, were analyzed. The study identified 44 rodent species from which Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Rattus rattus were most common (63%) and recognized as the primary rodent hosts for helminth infestation in this region. Cestodes were the most frequently reported (n = 50), followed by nematodes (49), and trematodes (14). The random effect meta-analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of cestode (57.66%, 95%CI: 34.63–80.70, l2% = 85.6, p < 0.001) was higher in Saudi Arabia, followed by nematode (56.24%, 95%CI: 11.40–101.1, l2% = 96.7, p < 0.001) in Turkey, and trematode (15.83%, 95%CI: 6.25–25.1, l2% = 98.5, p < 0.001) in Egypt. According to the overall prevalence estimates of individual studies, nematodes were higher (32.71%, 95%CI: 24.89–40.54, l2% = 98.6, p < 0.001) followed by cestodes (24.88%, 95%CI: 19.99–29.77, l2% = 94.9, p < 0.001) and trematodes (10.17%, 95%CI: 6.7–13.65, l2% = 98.3, p < 0.001) in the rodents of the Middle East countries. The review detected 22 species of helminths, which have zoonotic importance. The most frequent helminths were Capillaria hepatica, Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis nana, and Cysticercus fasciolaris. There was no report of rodent-helminths from Bahrain, Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Furthermore, there is an information gap on rodent helminths at the humans-animal interface level in Middle East countries. Through the One Health approach and countrywide detailed studies on rodent-related helminths along with their impact on public health, the rodent control program should be conducted in this region.

scholarly journals Rapid purification and characterization of l-dopachrome-methyl ester tautomerase (macrophage-migration-inhibitory factor) from Trichinella spiralis, Trichuris muris and Brugia pahangi

1998 ◽  
Vol 335 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. PENNOCK ◽  
Jerzy M. BEHNKE ◽  
Quentin D. BICKLE ◽  
Eileen DEVANEY ◽  
Richard K. GRENCIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Macrophage Migration ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Brugia Pahangi ◽  
Dopachrome Tautomerase ◽  
Parasitic Helminths

Macrophage-migration-inhibition factor (MIF) is an essential stimulator of mammalian T-lymphocyte-dependent adaptive immunity, hence MIF orthologues might be expressed by infectious organisms as an immunosubversive stratagem. Since MIF actively catalyses the tautomerization of the methyl ester of l-dopachrome (using dopachrome tautomerase), the occurrence of MIF orthologues in several parasitic helminths was investigated by assaying and characterizing such activity. Evidence of MIF orthologues (dopachrome tautomerase) was found in the soluble fraction of the nematodes Trichinella spiralis (stage 4 larvae) and Trichuris muris (adults), and the filarial nematode Brugia pahangi (adults). The MIF orthologues of Tr. muris(TmMIF) and B. pahangi (BpMIF) were purified to homogeneity using phenyl-agarose chromatography, that of T. spiralis (TsMIF) required a further step: cation-exchange FPLC. Retention time on reverse-phase HPLC and Mr on SDS/PAGE of the nematode MIFs were similar to those of human MIF. N-terminal sequences (19 residues) of TsMIF and TmMIF showed 47 and 36% identity, respectively, with human MIF. The N-terminal sequence of BpMIF (14 residues) was identical to that of an MIF orthologue in the genome of B. malayi (Swiss-Prot, P91850) and showed 43% identity to either human or TsMIF. TsMIF had 10-fold higher dopachrome tautomerase activity than MIF from the other sources. The enzyme activities of TsMIF, BpMIF and TmMIF were less sensitive to inhibition by haematin (I50: > 15 µM, > 15 µM and 2.6 µM, respectively) than that of human MIF (I50 0.2 µM). Significant dopachrome tautomerase or phenyl-agarose-purifiable MIF-like protein was not detected in the soluble fraction of the nematodes Heligmosomoides polygyrus and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta, or the trematodes Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum and S. haematobium, or the free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, which does contain an MIF-related gene.

scholarly journals Helminth communities and host-parasite relationships in argentine brown rat (Rattus norvegicus)

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Gomez Villafañe ◽  
M. Robles ◽  
M. Busch
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Syphacia Muris ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe aims of this research were: 1) to determine the helminth parasite fauna of seventy two Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) individuals inhabiting poultry farms in the Pampean region of Argentina; 2) to examine the relationship between parasitism and individual characteristics of the hosts, and 3) to analyze the associations among helminths. The study was carried out in twenty-four poultry farms from autumn 2000 to winter 2001. Nematodes were found in the intestine or caecum rectum of the 74 % of rats and cestodes were found along all the intestine of the 28 % of rats. Heterakis spumosa (Travassos 1914) was a central species, whereas Syphacia muris, Yamaguti 1941, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Travassos 1914) and Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi 1819) were satellite species. Helminths do not affect rat survival and growth of rats. Rats parasitized with H. spumosa and H. diminuta were larger and older than non-parasitized rats. The intensity of infection with H. spumosa significantly increased with rat age. Rats parasitized with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Syphacia muris did not differ in size and age with respect to non-parasitized ones. The mean intensity of infections per host was 33.74, 74.28, higher than 200, and 3.10 for H. spumosa, S. muris, N. brasiliensis and H. diminuta, respectively. The mean intensity of infection with H. spumosa was higher in summer than in the other seasons, while the higher mean intensity of infection with N. brasiliensis and S. muris occurred in autumn. Infections with Heterakis spumosa and Syphacia muris, and with Syphacia muris and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis were independent; while Heterakis spumosa and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis were negatively associated.

Biotic and abiotic effects on the intestinal helminth community of the brown ratRattus norvegicusfrom Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.O. Simões ◽  
J.L. Luque ◽  
R. Gentile ◽  
M.C.S. Rosa ◽  
S. Costa-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Strongyloides Venezuelensis ◽  
Moniliformis Moniliformis

AbstractRattus norvegicushas attracted much attention because of its role as a reservoir of zoonotic pathogens. This work aimed to identify the intestinal helminth species inR. norvegicusand to analyse the effects of temperature, rainfall, host age and sex on the helminth community structure. Moreover, this study investigated the possible associations among helminth species in an urban population ofR. norvegicusin São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro, sampled during the rainy and dry seasons over a span of 2 years. A total of 112 rats were infected by six species of helminths. The nematodeNippostrongylus brasiliensiswas the most prevalent and abundant species, with high mean intensity in both seasons, followed byStrongyloides venezuelensis,Heterakis spumosa,Raillietinasp.,Hymenolepis nanaandMoniliformis moniliformis.Co-occurrence was found betweenN. brasiliensisandS. venezuelensisand betweenN. brasiliensisandH. spumosa.The occurrence ofS. venezuelensiswas related to rainfall. The understanding of the helminth community structure in this synanthropic rat provides basic information on parasites of public health importance, as two helminth species (H. nanaandM. moniliformis) recovered from rats in the urban area studied can infect humans.

scholarly journals Endo-parasites of public-health importance recovered from rodents in the Durban metropolitan area, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Colleen E. Archer ◽  
Christopher C. Appleton ◽  
Samson Mukaratirwa ◽  
Jennifer Lamb ◽  
M. Corrie Schoeman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Moniliformis Moniliformis

Background: Parasite infections of public health importance carried by Rattus spp. on the African continent (excluding toxoplasmosis) have not been adequately researched. The aim of this study was to investigate endoparasites of public health importance, particularly those associated with R. norvegicus, at different locations and seasons within the port-city, Durban.Methods: Four hundred rodents (379 R. norvegicus, 10 R. rattus and 11 Mastomys natalensis) were live-trapped at 60 sites in four locations, during wet and dry seasons in 2009. Rats were humanely euthanased, cardiac blood drawn (for blood smears and serology), ectoparasites removed and dissected. Each organ was separately processed to collect parasites. Binary logistic regression and four-way ANOVAs were used to test for the effects of location, season, rodent age and gender on parasite prevalence, richness and abundance.Results: Eight parasites of public health importance were detected: Gongylonema sp. (25.3%), Trypanosoma lewisi (22.8%), Hymenolepis diminuta (17.2%), Angiostrongylus cantonensis (15.3%), Toxoplasma gondii (11.2%), Moniliformis moniliformis (9.5%), Calodium hepaticum (2.6%) and H. nana (0.8%). Ascaris spp. (probably A. lumbricoides) ova, assumed to have been acquired from consuming infected human faeces were found in rat faeces (4.8%). Parasite species richness was positively associated with location, season and rodent age. Location, season, rat age and gender differentially affected prevalence and worm abundance of parasite species.Conclusions: These occurrence data of parasites of public health importance provide valuable information to local and provincial organisations and medical practitioners for diagnoses of possible zoonoses, and a reference point for further studies in metropolitan areas of Africa.

scholarly journals Helminth fauna of Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769 from the Belgrade area, Serbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kataranovski ◽  
Milena Kataranovski ◽  
Isidora Deljanin
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Norway Rats

The aims of this study were to provide baseline knowledge about intestinal parasites in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) that inhabit the Belgrade area, and to analyze the associations among helminths. Of 302 trapped rats, 52% were females and 48% males, with 39% and approx. 37% of juvenile-subadult individuals, per sex, respectively. The following parasites were detected (with their respective prevalence): Cestoda - Hymenolepis diminuta (30.46%) and Rodentolepis fraterna (12.58%); Nematoda - Heterakis spumosa (36.75%), Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (16.22%), Capillaria sp. (5.96%), Trichuris muris (5.96%), Syphacia muris (4.30%) and Strongylus sp. larvae (0.33%). Flukes (Trematoda) were not recorded. Of all examined rats, 68.54% were found to harbor at least one parasite species, with higher prevalence in male hosts and in adult individuals. There were no age-related differences in the prevalence of infection with individual helminth species. Multiple infections occurred with up to four species per rat showing different combinations of parasite infections. These are the first records of the gastrointestinal helminth fauna of Norway rats in Serbia.

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